突然死例におけるQT時間の心拍依存性変動に関する検討
ホルター心電図を用いて心室再分極相における突然死例の特徴的な所見を検討した.方法: 対象は突然死8例 (SCD群) , LVEF<40%で心室頻拍を認めた7例 (HD群) , 健常例10例 (C群) .5分ごとに平均した心電図からRR間隔, QT時間を自動計測し, RR間隔の平均, 標準偏差, QT時間の平均, 標準偏差, 最小二乗法による回帰直線 (QT=b+a×RR) の傾きslopea, 切片bを求めた.さらにRR間隔が600～1, 000msecまでのプロツトからの回帰直線 (QT=d+c×RR) の傾きslope c, 切片dを求め, 3群間で比較した.結果: HD群とC群間に...
Saved in:
| Published in | 心電図 Vol. 22; no. 3; pp. 167 - 174 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
一般社団法人 日本不整脈心電学会
2002
日本心電学会 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0285-1660 1884-2437 |
| DOI | 10.5105/jse.22.167 |
Cover
| Abstract | ホルター心電図を用いて心室再分極相における突然死例の特徴的な所見を検討した.方法: 対象は突然死8例 (SCD群) , LVEF<40%で心室頻拍を認めた7例 (HD群) , 健常例10例 (C群) .5分ごとに平均した心電図からRR間隔, QT時間を自動計測し, RR間隔の平均, 標準偏差, QT時間の平均, 標準偏差, 最小二乗法による回帰直線 (QT=b+a×RR) の傾きslopea, 切片bを求めた.さらにRR間隔が600～1, 000msecまでのプロツトからの回帰直線 (QT=d+c×RR) の傾きslope c, 切片dを求め, 3群間で比較した.結果: HD群とC群間に差を認めた指標はなく, SCD群とC群間ではslopea (0.219±0.079vs0.127±0.055; p<0.05) , slope c (0.238±0.081vs0.133±0.056; p<0.01) に有意差を認め, SCD群が高値であった.SCD群の回帰直線の傾きslope a, slope cはHD君羊 (a=0.137±0.040; p=0.028, c=0.156±0.052; p<0.05) より大であった.RR間隔の変化に伴うQT変動の増大は突然死例に特徴的所見と考えられた. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | ホルター心電図を用いて心室再分極相における突然死例の特徴的な所見を検討した.方法: 対象は突然死8例 (SCD群) , LVEF<40%で心室頻拍を認めた7例 (HD群) , 健常例10例 (C群) .5分ごとに平均した心電図からRR間隔, QT時間を自動計測し, RR間隔の平均, 標準偏差, QT時間の平均, 標準偏差, 最小二乗法による回帰直線 (QT=b+a×RR) の傾きslopea, 切片bを求めた.さらにRR間隔が600～1, 000msecまでのプロツトからの回帰直線 (QT=d+c×RR) の傾きslope c, 切片dを求め, 3群間で比較した.結果: HD群とC群間に差を認めた指標はなく, SCD群とC群間ではslopea (0.219±0.079vs0.127±0.055; p<0.05) , slope c (0.238±0.081vs0.133±0.056; p<0.01) に有意差を認め, SCD群が高値であった.SCD群の回帰直線の傾きslope a, slope cはHD君羊 (a=0.137±0.040; p=0.028, c=0.156±0.052; p<0.05) より大であった.RR間隔の変化に伴うQT変動の増大は突然死例に特徴的所見と考えられた. ホルター心電図を用いて心室再分極相における突然死例の特徴的な所見を検討した. 方法:対象は突然死8例(SCD群), LVEF<40%で心室頻拍を認めた7例(HD群), 健常例10例(C群). 5分ごとに平均した心電図からRR間隔, QT時間を自動計測し, RR間隔の平均, 標準偏差, QT時間の平均, 標準偏差, 最小二乗法による回帰直線(QT=b+a×RR)の傾きslope a, 切片bを求めた. さらにRR間隔が600～1,000msecまでのプロットからの回帰直線(QT=d+c×RR)の傾きslope c, 切片dを求め, 3群間で比較した. 結果:HD群とC群間に差を認めた指標はなく, SCD群とC群間ではslope a(0.219±0.079vs0.127±0.055;p<0.05), slope c(0.238±0.081vs0.133±0.056;p<0.01)に有意差を認め, SCD群が高値であった. SCD群の回帰直線の傾きslope a, slope cはHD群(a:0.137±0.040;p=0.028, c:0.156±0.052;p<0.05)より大であった. RR間隔の変化に伴うQT変動の増大は突然死例に特徴的所見と考えられた. (心電図, 2002;22:167～174) |
| Author | 新妻, 健夫 三浦, 英介 武田, 寛人 松本, 健 大和田, 尊之 小林, 淳 丸山, 幸夫 前原, 和平 氏家, 勇一 大和田, 憲司 廣坂, 朗 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: 武田, 寛人 organization: (財) 太田綜合病院附属太田西ノ内病院循環器科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 大和田, 尊之 organization: (財) 太田綜合病院附属太田西ノ内病院循環器科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 新妻, 健夫 organization: (財) 太田綜合病院附属太田西ノ内病院循環器科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 三浦, 英介 organization: (財) 太田綜合病院附属太田西ノ内病院循環器科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 廣坂, 朗 organization: (財) 太田綜合病院附属太田西ノ内病院循環器科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 前原, 和平 organization: 福島県立医科大学第一内科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 大和田, 憲司 organization: (財) 太田綜合病院附属太田西ノ内病院循環器科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 松本, 健 organization: (財) 太田綜合病院附属太田西ノ内病院循環器科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 小林, 淳 organization: (財) 太田綜合病院附属太田西ノ内病院循環器科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 氏家, 勇一 organization: (財) 太田綜合病院附属太田西ノ内病院循環器科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 丸山, 幸夫 organization: 福島県立医科大学第一内科 |
| BookMark | eNo1kM1Kw1AQhS-iYK3d-B6p9ye5SZZSrD8URKjry00y0YQ0laQu3JnqRouCiMWCbqSgKHXpRqgPkza1b2G0uphzBubwHZglNB82Q0BoheCyRrC26sdQprRMuD6HCsQwVIWqTJ9HBUwNTSGc40VUimPPwhpjJuamXkDbk5dkcvaeDT5Gw06avKbJRZpcp-3Obj3rtafdmzR5G3-eZp3L0fBhPLjLTp7G_fNx5zbPTruPadLLs1n__uv5ahktuDKIofTnRbRXXa9XNpXazsZWZa2m-IyoWGEWp9ThGEsA1TIt27Cl7lqaLR1pSTAN12ISmMN1TClXpcFNrHEdCIDu2uCyIqrOuA1wPFsGzTDwQhB-8ygK817hhCoEYEtBMaYiH4qZ-F3zz-Siq5RzQ9NyUGUG8uOW3AdxGHkNGR0LGbU8O8iJMRDTIIJSwWbyA_i_2gcyEr5k34qMioc |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 特定非営利活動法人 日本心電学会 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 特定非営利活動法人 日本心電学会 |
| CorporateAuthor | 財太田綜合病院附属太田西ノ内病院循環器科 福島県立医科大学第一内科 |
| CorporateAuthor_xml | – name: 財太田綜合病院附属太田西ノ内病院循環器科 – name: 福島県立医科大学第一内科 |
| DOI | 10.5105/jse.22.167 |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| EISSN | 1884-2437 |
| EndPage | 174 |
| ExternalDocumentID | dn4eleca_2002_002203_002_0167_0174266855 article_jse1981_22_3_22_3_167_article_char_ja |
| GroupedDBID | ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS JSF KQ8 MOJWN RJT |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-j3140-3b622d600aee4b9bc8ca7fb5cadabae98fb3ae3d6702264a8690567e1ee7fcef3 |
| ISSN | 0285-1660 |
| IngestDate | Thu Jul 10 16:12:00 EDT 2025 Wed Sep 03 06:02:57 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | false |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 3 |
| Language | Japanese |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-j3140-3b622d600aee4b9bc8ca7fb5cadabae98fb3ae3d6702264a8690567e1ee7fcef3 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jse1981/22/3/22_3_167/_article/-char/ja |
| PageCount | 8 |
| ParticipantIDs | medicalonline_journals_dn4eleca_2002_002203_002_0167_0174266855 jstage_primary_article_jse1981_22_3_22_3_167_article_char_ja |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20020000 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2002-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – year: 2002 text: 20020000 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationTitle | 心電図 |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | 心電図 |
| PublicationYear | 2002 |
| Publisher | 一般社団法人 日本不整脈心電学会 日本心電学会 |
| Publisher_xml | – name: 一般社団法人 日本不整脈心電学会 – name: 日本心電学会 |
| References | 6) Glancy JM, Garratt CJ, Woods KL, de Bono DP: QT dispersion and mortality after myocardial infarction. Lancet, 1995; 345: 945-948 8) Rosenbaum DS, Jackson LE, Smith JM, Garan H, Ruskin JN, Cohen RJ: Electrical alternans and vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias. N Engl J Med, 1994; 330: 235-241 14) Molnar J, Rosenthal JE, Weiss JS, Somberg JC: QT interval dispersion in healthy subjects and survivors of sudden cardiac death: circadian variation in a twenty-four-hour assessment. Am J Cardiol, 1997; 79: 1190-1193 23) Rozanski GJ, Xu Z, Zhang K, Patel KP: Altered K + current of ventricular myocytes in rats with chronic myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol, 1998; 274: H259-H265 11) Lepeschkin E, Surawicz B: The measurement of the Q-T interval of the electrocardiogram. Circulation, 1952; 51: 378-388 15) Farrell TG, Bashir Y, Cripps T, Malik M, Poloniecki J, Bennet D, Ward DE, Camm J: Risk stratification for arrhythmic events in post infarction patients based on heart rate variability, ambulatory electrocardiographic variables and the signal averaged electrocardiogram. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1991; 18: 687-697 13) Homs E, Marti V, Guindo J, Laguna P, Vinolas X, Caminal P, Elosua R, de Luna AB: Automatic measurement of corrected QT interval in Holter recording: Comparison of its dynamic behavior in patients after myocardial infarction with and without life threatening arrhythmias. Am Heart J, 1997; 134: 181-187 22) Kaabs S, Nuss HB, Chiamvimonvat N, O'Rourke B, Pak PH, Kass DA, Marban E, Tomaselli GF: Ionic mechanism of action potential prolongation in ventricular myocytes from dogs with pacing-induced heart failure. Circ Res, 1996; 78 (2) : 262-273 20) Coumel P, Fayn J, Maison-Blanche P, Rubel P: Clinical Relevance of assessing QT dynamicity in Holter recordings. J Electrocardiol, 1994; 27: 62-66 16) Bigger JT, Fleiss JF, Steinmann RC, Rolnitzky LM, Kleiger RE, Rottmann JN: Frequency domain measures of heart rate variability and mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 1992; 85: 164-171 4) Buja G, Miorelli M, Turrini P, Maalacini P, Nava A Comparison of QT dispersion in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy between patients with and without ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Am J Cardiol, 1993; 72: 973-976 5) Barr CS, Naas A, Freemann M, Lang CC, Struthers A: QT dispersion and sudden unexpected death in chronic heart failure. Lancet, 1994; 343: 327-329 10) Yi G, Guo XH, Reardon M, Gallagher MM, Hnatkova K, Camm AJ, Malik M: Circadian variation of the QT interval in patients with sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol, 1998; 81: 950-956 7) Perkiomaki JS, Koistinen J, Yli-Mayly S, Huikuri HV. Dispersion of QT interval in patients with and without susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias after previous myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1995; 26: 174-179 24) Garfinkel A, Kim YH, Voloshilovsky O, Qu Z, Kil JR, Lee MH, Karagueuzian HS, Weiss JN, Chen PS Preventing ventricular fibrillation by flattering cardiac restitution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000; 97: 6061-6066 21) Merri M, Moss AJ, Benhorin J, Locati EH, Alberti M, Bdilini F: Relation between ventricular repolarization duration and cardiac cycle length during 24-hour Holter recordings. Findings in normal patients and patients with long QT syndrome. Circulation, 1992; 85: 1816-1821 3) Moss AJ: Measurement of QT interval and the risk associated with QTc interval prolongation: a review. Am J Cardiol, 1993; 72: 23B-25B 1) Schwartz PJ, Wolf S: QT interval prolongation as predictor of sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction. Circulation, 1978; 57: 1074-1077 2) Puddu PE, Bourassa MG: Prediction of sudden death from QTc interval prolongation in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. J Electrocardiol, 1986; 19: 203-211 18) Fauchier L, Babuty D, Porret P, Autret ML, Tena-Carbi D, Cosnay P, Fauchier JP: QT interval dynamicity for risk stratification in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1999; 33: 213A 19) Bazett HC: An analysis of the time relationships of electrocardiograms. Heart, 1920; 7: 353-370 17) Chevalier P, Codreanu A, Kirkorian G, Lopez M, Prret T, Fatemi M, Leizorvicz A, Andre-Fouet X, Milon H, Touboul P. Automatic Holter analysis of rate-dependent changes of the QT interval: new markers to predict long-term mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 1998; 98: I-81 (A 9) Swan H, Viitasalo M, Piippo K, Laitinen P, Kontula K, Toivonen L: Sinus node function and ventricular repolarization during exercise stress test in long QT syndrome patients with KvLQT1 and HERG potassium channel defects. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1999; 34: 823-829 12) Campbell RWF, Gardiner P, Amos PA, Chadwick D, Jordan RS: Measurement of the QT interval. Eur Heart J, 1985; 6 (suppl D) : 81-83 |
| References_xml | – reference: 2) Puddu PE, Bourassa MG: Prediction of sudden death from QTc interval prolongation in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. J Electrocardiol, 1986; 19: 203-211 – reference: 9) Swan H, Viitasalo M, Piippo K, Laitinen P, Kontula K, Toivonen L: Sinus node function and ventricular repolarization during exercise stress test in long QT syndrome patients with KvLQT1 and HERG potassium channel defects. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1999; 34: 823-829 – reference: 15) Farrell TG, Bashir Y, Cripps T, Malik M, Poloniecki J, Bennet D, Ward DE, Camm J: Risk stratification for arrhythmic events in post infarction patients based on heart rate variability, ambulatory electrocardiographic variables and the signal averaged electrocardiogram. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1991; 18: 687-697 – reference: 8) Rosenbaum DS, Jackson LE, Smith JM, Garan H, Ruskin JN, Cohen RJ: Electrical alternans and vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias. N Engl J Med, 1994; 330: 235-241 – reference: 14) Molnar J, Rosenthal JE, Weiss JS, Somberg JC: QT interval dispersion in healthy subjects and survivors of sudden cardiac death: circadian variation in a twenty-four-hour assessment. Am J Cardiol, 1997; 79: 1190-1193 – reference: 11) Lepeschkin E, Surawicz B: The measurement of the Q-T interval of the electrocardiogram. Circulation, 1952; 51: 378-388 – reference: 23) Rozanski GJ, Xu Z, Zhang K, Patel KP: Altered K + current of ventricular myocytes in rats with chronic myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol, 1998; 274: H259-H265 – reference: 21) Merri M, Moss AJ, Benhorin J, Locati EH, Alberti M, Bdilini F: Relation between ventricular repolarization duration and cardiac cycle length during 24-hour Holter recordings. Findings in normal patients and patients with long QT syndrome. Circulation, 1992; 85: 1816-1821 – reference: 24) Garfinkel A, Kim YH, Voloshilovsky O, Qu Z, Kil JR, Lee MH, Karagueuzian HS, Weiss JN, Chen PS Preventing ventricular fibrillation by flattering cardiac restitution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000; 97: 6061-6066 – reference: 19) Bazett HC: An analysis of the time relationships of electrocardiograms. Heart, 1920; 7: 353-370 – reference: 4) Buja G, Miorelli M, Turrini P, Maalacini P, Nava A Comparison of QT dispersion in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy between patients with and without ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Am J Cardiol, 1993; 72: 973-976 – reference: 10) Yi G, Guo XH, Reardon M, Gallagher MM, Hnatkova K, Camm AJ, Malik M: Circadian variation of the QT interval in patients with sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol, 1998; 81: 950-956 – reference: 1) Schwartz PJ, Wolf S: QT interval prolongation as predictor of sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction. Circulation, 1978; 57: 1074-1077 – reference: 6) Glancy JM, Garratt CJ, Woods KL, de Bono DP: QT dispersion and mortality after myocardial infarction. Lancet, 1995; 345: 945-948 – reference: 12) Campbell RWF, Gardiner P, Amos PA, Chadwick D, Jordan RS: Measurement of the QT interval. Eur Heart J, 1985; 6 (suppl D) : 81-83 – reference: 22) Kaabs S, Nuss HB, Chiamvimonvat N, O'Rourke B, Pak PH, Kass DA, Marban E, Tomaselli GF: Ionic mechanism of action potential prolongation in ventricular myocytes from dogs with pacing-induced heart failure. Circ Res, 1996; 78 (2) : 262-273 – reference: 5) Barr CS, Naas A, Freemann M, Lang CC, Struthers A: QT dispersion and sudden unexpected death in chronic heart failure. Lancet, 1994; 343: 327-329 – reference: 13) Homs E, Marti V, Guindo J, Laguna P, Vinolas X, Caminal P, Elosua R, de Luna AB: Automatic measurement of corrected QT interval in Holter recording: Comparison of its dynamic behavior in patients after myocardial infarction with and without life threatening arrhythmias. Am Heart J, 1997; 134: 181-187 – reference: 16) Bigger JT, Fleiss JF, Steinmann RC, Rolnitzky LM, Kleiger RE, Rottmann JN: Frequency domain measures of heart rate variability and mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 1992; 85: 164-171 – reference: 3) Moss AJ: Measurement of QT interval and the risk associated with QTc interval prolongation: a review. Am J Cardiol, 1993; 72: 23B-25B – reference: 17) Chevalier P, Codreanu A, Kirkorian G, Lopez M, Prret T, Fatemi M, Leizorvicz A, Andre-Fouet X, Milon H, Touboul P. Automatic Holter analysis of rate-dependent changes of the QT interval: new markers to predict long-term mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 1998; 98: I-81 (A) – reference: 18) Fauchier L, Babuty D, Porret P, Autret ML, Tena-Carbi D, Cosnay P, Fauchier JP: QT interval dynamicity for risk stratification in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1999; 33: 213A – reference: 7) Perkiomaki JS, Koistinen J, Yli-Mayly S, Huikuri HV. Dispersion of QT interval in patients with and without susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias after previous myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1995; 26: 174-179 – reference: 20) Coumel P, Fayn J, Maison-Blanche P, Rubel P: Clinical Relevance of assessing QT dynamicity in Holter recordings. J Electrocardiol, 1994; 27: 62-66 |
| SSID | ssib053390697 ssj0000389130 ssib058494373 ssib001722325 ssib039893109 |
| Score | 1.5692972 |
| Snippet | ホルター心電図を用いて心室再分極相における突然死例の特徴的な所見を検討した.方法: 対象は突然死8例 (SCD群) , LVEF<40%で心室頻拍を認めた7例 (HD群) , 健常例10例 (C... ホルター心電図を用いて心室再分極相における突然死例の特徴的な所見を検討した. 方法:対象は突然死8例(SCD群), LVEF<40%で心室頻拍を認めた7例(HD群), 健常例10例(C群).... |
| SourceID | medicalonline jstage |
| SourceType | Publisher |
| StartPage | 167 |
| SubjectTerms | QT/RR関係 ホルター心電図 不整脈 突然死 |
| Title | 突然死例におけるQT時間の心拍依存性変動に関する検討 |
| URI | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jse1981/22/3/22_3_167/_article/-char/ja http://mol.medicalonline.jp/library/journal/download?GoodsID=dn4eleca/2002/002203/002&name=0167-0174j |
| Volume | 22 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| ispartofPNX | 心電図, 2002/05/25, Vol.22(3), pp.167-174 |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1884-2437 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000389130 issn: 0285-1660 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 19810101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3NaxQxFB_aehFEFBXrFz2Y46w7ySSTgCAz21lKQaGwhd6GzMceFrqK3V48udWLLgoiFgt6kYKi1KMXof4x293a_8L3MrO7s9VD1Ut4k7wk7-XNJL8kkzzLusma8KokStjc9YTtOjqxFU1SO2ExFVQlVBtnMHfviaVVd3mNr83Mrpf-WtrsxJXk0R_PlfyLVSEO7IqnZP_CsuNCIQJosC-EYGEIT2RjEnrE9wEMIiFdEggSCuIvkiAgITyGRALBkMEfEdIvCOUYggLPSgPzKYVPoSIKaDbKF5KQk6BOJEMeKE8uFmWrRUyC2pQ0SVXieyYG4KlCApgVL9VvSvbpqH41rt9I7RJVI6EkviQyLGPmkgBQQmCU44YY91mF2r7AhlAgXdUIUkcuFNYnk_WIQsRcVgXV10qZQA1BAmqkr5NAljNBOsRhQ4HuHhKBd0wGaBJoGCRqxK-ZUkB1PrW0MpmCG0awIJ_K8buqhWYgYY0ov9R1U8ltR-SeEkbjDKWl74mVBg0nd0hS4A8n91p0fGhDIIxD20ZWobQyzjJ1VXjadtF5kkbfojRCeFZlkSGBHwIP4ZjkfNY6RT0AZvgPw0pp09QDrDjp3pkCLFu6jB-gqsKLsMZLmFWzx52vYhb65hcAo6y3JpICuGvBVAfvsDiznm8_5tfAlJBc45x1tpiCLfj593TemmnpC9by4efu4dNvw73vB_u9fvdLv_u8333V3-qtNIY7W0fbr_vdr4MfT4a9Fwf77wd7b4ePPw52nw16b4D3aPtDv7sDvMPddz8_vbxordbDRm3JLvyM2C2GfzezWFCaAvLXWebGKk5kor1mzBOd6lhnSjZjpjOWCq-Kx841OnHjwsucLPOaSdZkl6y59v12dtlagPERBs0mzInixHVUqrVIRcIzrihVWrrz1u28KaIH-WUyUdF5RNBcjpJORGnE8gBtNkrFI5hRS89bd6YaMCo6o43opKa_8t8lXLVOG49IZhnymjXXebiZXQdg3olvmNfpF_DmuD4 |
| linkProvider | Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E7%AA%81%E7%84%B6%E6%AD%BB%E4%BE%8B%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8BQT%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E3%81%AE%E5%BF%83%E6%8B%8D%E4%BE%9D%E5%AD%98%E6%80%A7%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%8E&rft.jtitle=%E5%BF%83%E9%9B%BB%E5%9B%B3&rft.au=%E6%AD%A6%E7%94%B0%E5%AF%9B%E4%BA%BA&rft.au=%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E7%94%B0%E6%86%B2%E5%8F%B8&rft.au=%E5%B0%8F%E6%9E%97%E6%B7%B3&rft.au=%E6%9D%BE%E6%9C%AC%E5%81%A5&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BF%83%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&rft.issn=0285-1660&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=167&rft.epage=174&rft_id=info:doi/10.5105%2Fjse.22.167&rft.externalDocID=dn4eleca_2002_002203_002_0167_0174266855 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0285-1660&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0285-1660&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0285-1660&client=summon |