民族多様性と市場メカニズムに関する実験研究：ケニアにおける相対取引実験
本研究では，市場参加者の出身民族の相違が，市場メカニズムのパフォーマンスにどのような影響を及ぼすかを吟味するために，ケニアの主要民族であるルオ人，キクユ人，そしてカレンジン人を対象として，相対取引実験を実施した．保守的で慎重な性格であるとされるカレンジン人が参加した取引では，ルオ人やキクユ人だけが参加する取引と異なり，取引価格と保有量は公平な均衡へ収束した．民族の違いは市場結果に多大な影響を与える可能性があるが，対面で取引を行う異民族間の相対取引でも，所得や厚生の不平等といった大きな格差が生じるとは限らないことを観察した．...
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| Published in | Journal of Behavioral Economics and Finance Vol. 11; pp. 96 - 109 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
行動経済学会
06.02.2019
Association of Behavioral Economics and Finance |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2185-3568 |
| DOI | 10.11167/jbef.11.96 |
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| Abstract | 本研究では，市場参加者の出身民族の相違が，市場メカニズムのパフォーマンスにどのような影響を及ぼすかを吟味するために，ケニアの主要民族であるルオ人，キクユ人，そしてカレンジン人を対象として，相対取引実験を実施した．保守的で慎重な性格であるとされるカレンジン人が参加した取引では，ルオ人やキクユ人だけが参加する取引と異なり，取引価格と保有量は公平な均衡へ収束した．民族の違いは市場結果に多大な影響を与える可能性があるが，対面で取引を行う異民族間の相対取引でも，所得や厚生の不平等といった大きな格差が生じるとは限らないことを観察した． |
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| AbstractList | 本研究では，市場参加者の出身民族の相違が，市場メカニズムのパフォーマンスにどのような影響を及ぼすかを吟味するために，ケニアの主要民族であるルオ人，キクユ人，そしてカレンジン人を対象として，相対取引実験を実施した．保守的で慎重な性格であるとされるカレンジン人が参加した取引では，ルオ人やキクユ人だけが参加する取引と異なり，取引価格と保有量は公平な均衡へ収束した．民族の違いは市場結果に多大な影響を与える可能性があるが，対面で取引を行う異民族間の相対取引でも，所得や厚生の不平等といった大きな格差が生じるとは限らないことを観察した． In this research, we conducted a face-to-face trading pit market experiment in Kenya to investigate how ethnic diversity in market participants affects the performance of market mechanism. The subjects in our experiment were from three major ethnic groups in Kenya-Luo, Kikuyu, and Kalenjin. In the trading sessions with Luo and/or Kikuyu subjects only, we did not observe convergence of trading prices or allocations. In the trading sessions including Kalenjin subjects who were generally described as conservative and cautious, however, trading prices and allocations converged to the equitable equilibrium. Our results suggest that ethnic differences may have a large impact on outcomes of market trading, but even the face-to-face bilateral trading between people of different ethnic groups does not necessarily cause large inequalities of income or welfare. 本研究では，市場参加者の出身民族の相違が，市場メカニズムのパフォーマンスにどのような影響を及ぼすかを吟味するために，ケニアの主要民族であるルオ人，キクユ人，そしてカレンジン人を対象として，相対取引実験を実施した．保守的で慎重な性格であるとされるカレンジン人が参加した取引では，ルオ人やキクユ人だけが参加する取引と異なり，取引価格と保有量は公平な均衡へ収束した．民族の違いは市場結果に多大な影響を与える可能性があるが，対面で取引を行う異民族間の相対取引でも，所得や厚生の不平等といった大きな格差が生じるとは限らないことを観察した． |
| Author | 下村, 研一 大和, 毅彦 |
| Author_FL | Yamatob Takehiko Shimomura Ken-Ichi |
| Author_FL_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Shimomura Ken-Ichi – sequence: 2 fullname: Yamatob Takehiko |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: 大和, 毅彦 organization: 東京工業大学 工学院経営工学系 – sequence: 1 fullname: 下村, 研一 organization: 神戸大学 経済経営研究所 |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | Ethnic Diversity and Market Mechanism: A Trading Pit Market Experiment in Kenya |
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| References | Bergstrom, T. C., K.-I. Shimomura, and T. Yamato, 2009. Simple economies with multiple equilibria. The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 9, Article 43. Shen, J., K.-I. Shimomura, T. Yamato, T. Ohtaka, and K. Takahashi, 2016. Revisiting Marshallian versus Walrasian stability in an experimental market. RIEB Discussion Paper, Kobe University. Plott, C. R. and G. George, 1992. Marshallian vs. Walrasian stability in an experimental market. Economic Journal 102, 437–460. Smith, V. L., 1962. An experimental study of competitive market behavior. Journal of Political Economy 70, 111–137. Anderson, C. M., C. R. Plott, K.-I. Shimomura, and S. Granat, 2004. Global instability in experimental general equilibrium: The Scarf example. Journal of Economic Theory 115, 209–249. Stiglitz, J. E., 2002. Globalization and Its Discontents. Penguin, London, UK. Chipman, J. S., 2010. Multiple equilibrium under CES preferences. Economic Theory 45, 129–145. Huber, J., M. Shubik, and S. Sunder, 2009. Default penalty as disciplinary and selection mechanism in presence of multiple equiliria. Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 1730, Yale University. Plott, C. R. and J. Smith, 1999. Instability of equilibria in experimental markets: Upward-sloping demands, externalities, and fad-like incentives. Southern Economic Journal 65, 405–426. 高橋基樹，2010a．開発と国家―アフリカ政治経済論序説（開発経済学の挑戦3）．勁草書房，東京 高橋基樹，2010b．民族，言語，および開発―アフリカ地域研究の建設的「越境」のために．アフリカレポート50，日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所 Crockett, S., R. Oprea, and C. R. Plott, 2010. Extreme Walrasian dynamics: The Gale example. American Economic Review 101, 3196–3220. Plott, C. R., 2000. Market stability: Backward-bending supply in a laboratory experimental market. Economic Inquiry 38, 1–18. Plott, C. R., N. Roy, and B. Tong, 2013. Marshall and Warlas, disequilibrium trades and the dynamics of equilibration in the continuous double auction market. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 94, 190–205. Shapley, L. S. and M. Shubik, 1977. An example of a trading economy with three competitive equilibria. Journal of Political Economy 85, 873–875. Gale, D., 1963. A note on global instability of competitive equilibrium. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly 10, 81–87. Gneezy, U., K. L. Leonard, and J. A. List,2009. Gender differences in competition: Evidence from a Matrilineal and a Patriarchal Society, Econometrica, 77, 1637–1664. Shimomura, K.-I. and T. Yamato, 2012. Impact of ethnicities on market outcome: results of market experiments in Kenya. H. Hino, J. Lonsdale, G. Ranis and F. Stewart eds., Ethnic Diversity and Economic Stability in Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Bossaerts, P. and C. R. Plott, 2008. From market jaws to the Newton method: The geometry of how a market can solve systems of equations. C. R. Plott and V. L. Smith eds., Handbook of Experimental Economics Results, Vol. 1, Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Holt, C. A. 1996. Classroom games: Trading in a pit market. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10, 193–203. Chamberlin, E. H., 1948. An experimental imperfect market. Journal of Political Economy 56, 95–108. |
| References_xml | – reference: Plott, C. R. and J. Smith, 1999. Instability of equilibria in experimental markets: Upward-sloping demands, externalities, and fad-like incentives. Southern Economic Journal 65, 405–426. – reference: 高橋基樹，2010a．開発と国家―アフリカ政治経済論序説（開発経済学の挑戦3）．勁草書房，東京． – reference: Chipman, J. S., 2010. Multiple equilibrium under CES preferences. Economic Theory 45, 129–145. – reference: Bergstrom, T. C., K.-I. Shimomura, and T. Yamato, 2009. Simple economies with multiple equilibria. The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 9, Article 43. – reference: Gneezy, U., K. L. Leonard, and J. A. List,2009. Gender differences in competition: Evidence from a Matrilineal and a Patriarchal Society, Econometrica, 77, 1637–1664. – reference: Bossaerts, P. and C. R. Plott, 2008. From market jaws to the Newton method: The geometry of how a market can solve systems of equations. C. R. Plott and V. L. Smith eds., Handbook of Experimental Economics Results, Vol. 1, Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands. – reference: Holt, C. A. 1996. Classroom games: Trading in a pit market. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10, 193–203. – reference: Shimomura, K.-I. and T. Yamato, 2012. Impact of ethnicities on market outcome: results of market experiments in Kenya. H. Hino, J. Lonsdale, G. Ranis and F. Stewart eds., Ethnic Diversity and Economic Stability in Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. – reference: Shapley, L. S. and M. Shubik, 1977. An example of a trading economy with three competitive equilibria. Journal of Political Economy 85, 873–875. – reference: Smith, V. L., 1962. An experimental study of competitive market behavior. Journal of Political Economy 70, 111–137. – reference: Huber, J., M. Shubik, and S. Sunder, 2009. Default penalty as disciplinary and selection mechanism in presence of multiple equiliria. Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 1730, Yale University. – reference: Plott, C. R., N. Roy, and B. Tong, 2013. Marshall and Warlas, disequilibrium trades and the dynamics of equilibration in the continuous double auction market. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 94, 190–205. – reference: Chamberlin, E. H., 1948. An experimental imperfect market. Journal of Political Economy 56, 95–108. – reference: Plott, C. R. and G. George, 1992. Marshallian vs. Walrasian stability in an experimental market. Economic Journal 102, 437–460. – reference: 高橋基樹，2010b．民族，言語，および開発―アフリカ地域研究の建設的「越境」のために．アフリカレポート50，日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所． – reference: Gale, D., 1963. A note on global instability of competitive equilibrium. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly 10, 81–87. – reference: Shen, J., K.-I. Shimomura, T. Yamato, T. Ohtaka, and K. Takahashi, 2016. Revisiting Marshallian versus Walrasian stability in an experimental market. RIEB Discussion Paper, Kobe University. – reference: Anderson, C. M., C. R. Plott, K.-I. Shimomura, and S. Granat, 2004. Global instability in experimental general equilibrium: The Scarf example. Journal of Economic Theory 115, 209–249. – reference: Crockett, S., R. Oprea, and C. R. Plott, 2010. Extreme Walrasian dynamics: The Gale example. American Economic Review 101, 3196–3220. – reference: Plott, C. R., 2000. Market stability: Backward-bending supply in a laboratory experimental market. Economic Inquiry 38, 1–18. – reference: Stiglitz, J. E., 2002. Globalization and Its Discontents. Penguin, London, UK. |
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| Snippet | 本研究では，市場参加者の出身民族の相違が，市場メカニズムのパフォーマンスにどのような影響を及ぼすかを吟味するために，ケニアの主要民族であるルオ人，キクユ... In this research, we conducted a face-to-face trading pit market experiment in Kenya to investigate how ethnic diversity in market participants affects the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Economic Experiment Ethnic Diversity Fairness Kenya Market Mechanism ケニア 公平性 市場メカニズム 民族多様性 経済実験 |
| Title | 民族多様性と市場メカニズムに関する実験研究：ケニアにおける相対取引実験 |
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