経頭蓋的磁気刺激による60秒間の定常的なペダリング運動時の中枢性疲労の検討
1.健常成人11名を対象として, 60秒間のペダリング運動中に経頭蓋的磁気刺激 (TMS) による運動誘発電位 (MEP) を大腿直筋 (RF) および外側広筋 (VL) から誘発し, その動態を調べた.ペダリング運動の負荷は最大無酸素パワーが発揮可能な負荷の100% (HL課題) および80% (LL課題) であった.ペダル頻度は, LL課題の場合, 最大無酸素パワー発揮の最適負荷の80%における全力ペダリング頻度の50%とした.HL課題におけるペダリング頻度はLL課題での発揮パワーと等しくなるように設定した. 2.筋電図振幅値 (RMS) は両運動課題ともに課題開始後30秒以降に増加し,...
Saved in:
| Published in | 体力科学 Vol. 52; no. 5; pp. 565 - 574 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
一般社団法人日本体力医学会
2003
|
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0039-906X 1881-4751 |
| DOI | 10.7600/jspfsm1949.52.565 |
Cover
| Abstract | 1.健常成人11名を対象として, 60秒間のペダリング運動中に経頭蓋的磁気刺激 (TMS) による運動誘発電位 (MEP) を大腿直筋 (RF) および外側広筋 (VL) から誘発し, その動態を調べた.ペダリング運動の負荷は最大無酸素パワーが発揮可能な負荷の100% (HL課題) および80% (LL課題) であった.ペダル頻度は, LL課題の場合, 最大無酸素パワー発揮の最適負荷の80%における全力ペダリング頻度の50%とした.HL課題におけるペダリング頻度はLL課題での発揮パワーと等しくなるように設定した. 2.筋電図振幅値 (RMS) は両運動課題ともに課題開始後30秒以降に増加し, 特にVLではHI.課題の方がLL課題に比して有意に大きかった. 3.MEP面積は両課題ともに開始直後から増加傾向を示したが, HL課題よりLL課題の方が有意に大きかった.MEP出現後に観察されるSPはLL課題では運動課題開始直後急速に増大し, その後漸減する傾向を示したが, HL課題では増加局面は見られず漸減傾向を示した.MEP持続時間は両課題とも運動開始直後から漸増する傾向を示したが, VLではLL及びHL課題間に有意な差が見られた. 4.持続的な等尺性筋収縮時とLLおよびHL課題時に得られた背景筋電図量とMEPの相関は持続的運動時には正の有意な比例関係を示したが, LLおよびHL課題時には背景筋電図量とMEP間に有意な相関は見られなくなった. 5.これらの結果は, 発揮パワーが同一でもペダリング頻度と負荷の違いにより課題依存的に中枢性疲労の発現動態が異なること, また皮質脊髄路から筋に至る経路はペダリング運動時と静的な筋力発揮時では異なる制御を受ける可能性が示唆された. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | 1.健常成人11名を対象として, 60秒間のペダリング運動中に経頭蓋的磁気刺激 (TMS) による運動誘発電位 (MEP) を大腿直筋 (RF) および外側広筋 (VL) から誘発し, その動態を調べた.ペダリング運動の負荷は最大無酸素パワーが発揮可能な負荷の100% (HL課題) および80% (LL課題) であった.ペダル頻度は, LL課題の場合, 最大無酸素パワー発揮の最適負荷の80%における全力ペダリング頻度の50%とした.HL課題におけるペダリング頻度はLL課題での発揮パワーと等しくなるように設定した. 2.筋電図振幅値 (RMS) は両運動課題ともに課題開始後30秒以降に増加し, 特にVLではHI.課題の方がLL課題に比して有意に大きかった. 3.MEP面積は両課題ともに開始直後から増加傾向を示したが, HL課題よりLL課題の方が有意に大きかった.MEP出現後に観察されるSPはLL課題では運動課題開始直後急速に増大し, その後漸減する傾向を示したが, HL課題では増加局面は見られず漸減傾向を示した.MEP持続時間は両課題とも運動開始直後から漸増する傾向を示したが, VLではLL及びHL課題間に有意な差が見られた. 4.持続的な等尺性筋収縮時とLLおよびHL課題時に得られた背景筋電図量とMEPの相関は持続的運動時には正の有意な比例関係を示したが, LLおよびHL課題時には背景筋電図量とMEP間に有意な相関は見られなくなった. 5.これらの結果は, 発揮パワーが同一でもペダリング頻度と負荷の違いにより課題依存的に中枢性疲労の発現動態が異なること, また皮質脊髄路から筋に至る経路はペダリング運動時と静的な筋力発揮時では異なる制御を受ける可能性が示唆された. |
| Author | 高橋, 麗 三田村, 将史 遠藤, 隆志 小宮山, 伴与志 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: 三田村, 将史 organization: 日本光電東京 (株) – sequence: 1 fullname: 小宮山, 伴与志 organization: 千葉大学教育学部 – sequence: 1 fullname: 遠藤, 隆志 organization: 東京学芸大学大学院連合学校教育学研究科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 高橋, 麗 organization: 千葉大学大学院教育学研究科 |
| BookMark | eNpFkM1Kw0AAhBepYFt9AB8idfOzm81RilWh4EXBW1ibXW1sa0l68dakHooRDxYrFhFRoaK0FH-gePFh1iTtWxiw6GVmGD7mMBmQqh3VGADLMszpGMIV261ztyobmpFDSg5hNAfSMiGypOlIToE0hKohGRDvLoCM69oQYlmHMA0O44-z6d1g0gni3kn84EWjq7D9GX01hfci_LbwAwzj_sW02xHeMBz2wvE4AYX3LFo90WqKVhLehD-aekEYXEbXfoJ9jwfR7X3U7Mfd1_D0PWmix5vJ0_kimOe04rKlmWfBTmFtO78hFbfWN_OrRclWEDIkynULM4PoGoHqHlaJRRFHhOuIQAwtTDDHXFGNEmUGVi3EqawoFCtY45AxxtUsKPzu2m6D7jOz7pSr1Dk2qdMolyrM_P_KRIqJZoLRH1A6oI5pU_UHaQWNbw |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 日本体力医学会 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 日本体力医学会 |
| DOI | 10.7600/jspfsm1949.52.565 |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| EISSN | 1881-4751 |
| EndPage | 574 |
| ExternalDocumentID | article_jspfsm1949_52_5_52_5_565_article_char_ja |
| GroupedDBID | .55 2WC 53G 5GY AL- ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS DIK E3Z JSF JSH KQ8 OK1 P2P RJT RZJ X7M |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-j2559-af7d6e9874803b638da5f58f758060d686f6f239cae963d5fa122a6264f0eeef3 |
| ISSN | 0039-906X |
| IngestDate | Wed Sep 03 06:28:16 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 5 |
| Language | Japanese |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-j2559-af7d6e9874803b638da5f58f758060d686f6f239cae963d5fa122a6264f0eeef3 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jspfsm1949/52/5/52_5_565/_article/-char/ja |
| PageCount | 10 |
| ParticipantIDs | jstage_primary_article_jspfsm1949_52_5_52_5_565_article_char_ja |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20030000 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2003-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – year: 2003 text: 20030000 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationTitle | 体力科学 |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | 体力科学 |
| PublicationYear | 2003 |
| Publisher | 一般社団法人日本体力医学会 |
| Publisher_xml | – name: 一般社団法人日本体力医学会 |
| References | 32) Simonsen, E. B. & Dyhre-Poulsen, P., Amplitude of the humansoleus H reflex during walking and running. J. Physiol., (1999) , 515, 929-939. 18) Hautier, C. A., Arsac, L, M., Deghdegh, K., Souquet, J., Belli, A., Lacour, J. R., Influence of fatigue on EMGorce ratio and cocontraction in cycling. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., (2000) , 32, 839-843. 4) Esbjornsson-Liljedahl, M., Sundberg, C. J., Norman, B., Jansson, E., Metabolic response in type I and type II muscle fibers during a 30-s cycle sprint in men and women. J. Appl. Physiol., (1999) , 87, 1326-1332. 2) 深代千之, 若山章信, 原田康弘. トップアスリートの体力とパフォーマンスー陸上・短距離選手について. 体育の科学, (1991) , 41, 262-268. 5) Moritani, T., Takaishi, T, , Matsumoto, T., Determination of maximal power output at neuromuscular fatigue threshold. J. Appl. Physiol., (1993) , 74, 1729-1734. 19) Duchateau, J., Le Bozec, S., Hainaut, K., Contributions of slow and fast muscles of triceps surae to a cyclic movement. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., (1986) , 55, 476-481. 9) 三田村将史, 遠藤隆志, 高橋麗, 小宮山伴与志. 反復的な高パワーおよび高速回転ペダリング運動遂行時の運動誘発電位の変化. 体力科学, (2003) , 52, 印刷中. 10) Gandevia, S. C., Allen, G. M., Butler, J. E., Taylor, J, L., Supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue: evidence for suboptimal output from the motor cortex. J. Physiol., (1996) , 490, 529-536. 24) Taylor, J. L., Butler, J. E. and Gandevia S. C., Altered responses of human elbow flexors to peripheral-nerve and cortical stimulation during a sustained maximal voluntary contraction. Exp. Brain Res., (1999) , 127, 108-115. 8) Zehr, E. P., Hesketh, K. L., Chua, R., Differential regulation of cutaneous and H-reflexes during leg cycling in humans. J. Neurophysiol., (2001) , 85, 1178-1184. 22) MacIntosh, B. R., Neptune, R. R., Horton, J. F., Ca dence, power, and muscle activation in cycle ergometry. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., (2000) , 32, 1281-1287. 31) Christensen, L. O ., Andersen, J. B., Sinkjaer, T., Nielsen, J., Transcranial magnetic stimulation and stretch reflexes in the tibialis anterior muscle during human walking. J. Physiol., (2001) , 531, 545-557. 28) Gandevia, S. C., Petersen, N., Butler, J. E, Taylor, J. L, . Impaired response of human motoneurones to corticospinal stimulation after voluntary exercise. J. Physiol., (1999) , 521, 749-759. 13) Taylor, J. L., Allen, G. M., Butler, J. E., Gandevia, S. C., Supraspinal fatigue during intermittent maximal voluntary contractions of the human elbow flexors. J. Appl. Physiol., (2000) , 89, 305-313 14) Taylor, J. L., Butler, J. E., Allen, G. M., Gandevia, S. C., Changes in motor cortical excitability during human muscle fatigue. J. Physiol., (1996) , 490, 519-528. 20) Jammes, Y., Caquelard, F., Badier, M., Correlation between surface electromyogram, oxygen uptake and blood lactate concentration during dynamic leg exercises. Respir. Physiol., (1998) , 112, 167-174. 27) Macefield, G., Hagbarth, K. E., Gorman, R., Gandevia, S. C., Burke, D., Decline in spindle support to alpha-motoneurones during sustained voluntary contractions. J. Physiol., (1991) , 440, 497-512. 30) Cheng, J., Brooke, J. D., Misiaszek, J. E., Staines, W. R., Crossed inhibition of the soleus H reflex during passive pedaling movement. Brain Res., (1998) , 779, 280-284. 7) Brown, D. A., Kukulka, C. G., Human flexor reflex modulation during cycling. J. Neurophysiol., (1993) , 69, 1212-1224. 33) Nielsen, J., Petersen, N., Is presynaptic inhibition distributed to corticospinal fibres in man? J. Physiol., (1994) , 417, 47-58. 21) Lepers, R, Hausswirth, C., Maffiuletti, N., Brisswalter, J., van lloecke J., Evidence of neuromuscular fatigue after prolonged cycling exercise. Med. Sci.Sports. Exerc., (2000) , 32, 1880-1886. 11) Gandevia, S. C., Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol. Rev., (2001) 81, 1725-89. 1) Ward-Smith, A, J. & Radford, P. F., Investigation of the kinetics of anaerobic metabolism by analysis of the performance of elite sprinters. J. Biomech., (2000) , 33, 997-1004. 15) Sacco, P., Thickbroom, G. W., Thompson, M. L., Mastaglia, F. L., Changes in corticomotor excitation and inhibition during prolonged submaximal muscle contractions. Muscle Nerve., (1997) , 20, 1158-1166. 26) Garland, S. J., McComas, A. J., Reflex inhibition of human soleus muscle during fatigue. J Physiol., (1990) , 429, 17-27. 25) Taylor, J. L., Gandevia, S. C., Transcranial magnetic stimulation and human muscle fatigue. Muscle Nerve, (2001) , 24, 18-29. 6) Brooke, J. D., McIlroy, W. E., Collins, D. F., Misiaszek, J. E., Mechanisms within the human spinal cord suppress fast reflexes to control the movement of the legs. Brain Res., (1995) , 679, 255-260. 29) Capaday, C., Lavoie, B. A., Barbeau, H., Schneider, C., Bonnard, M., Studies on the corticospinal control of human walking. I. Responses to focal transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex. J. Neurophysiol., (1999) , 81, 129-139 16) Sacco, P, , Thickbroom, G. AV., Byrnes, M. L., Mastaglia, F. L., Changes in corticomotor excitability after fatiguing muscle contractions. Muscle Nerve., (2000) 23, 1840-1846. 3) Cafarelli, E., Effect of contraction frequency on effort sensations during cycling at a constant resistance. Med. Sci. Sports., (1978) , 10, 270-275. 23) 船渡和男. クランキングによる自転車ペダリングへのパワー発揮. J. J. Sports Sci. (1992) , 11, 194-199. 12) Hollge, J., Kunkel, M., Ziemann, U., Tergau, F., Geese, R., Reimers, C. D., Central fatigue in sports and daily exercises. A magnetic stimulation study. Int. J. Sports. Med., (1997) , 18, 614-617. 17) Enoka, R, M., Neurobiology of muscle fatigue. J. Appl. PhysiolJ1992) , 72, 1631-1648. |
| References_xml | – reference: 25) Taylor, J. L., Gandevia, S. C., Transcranial magnetic stimulation and human muscle fatigue. Muscle Nerve, (2001) , 24, 18-29. – reference: 31) Christensen, L. O ., Andersen, J. B., Sinkjaer, T., Nielsen, J., Transcranial magnetic stimulation and stretch reflexes in the tibialis anterior muscle during human walking. J. Physiol., (2001) , 531, 545-557. – reference: 27) Macefield, G., Hagbarth, K. E., Gorman, R., Gandevia, S. C., Burke, D., Decline in spindle support to alpha-motoneurones during sustained voluntary contractions. J. Physiol., (1991) , 440, 497-512. – reference: 18) Hautier, C. A., Arsac, L, M., Deghdegh, K., Souquet, J., Belli, A., Lacour, J. R., Influence of fatigue on EMGorce ratio and cocontraction in cycling. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., (2000) , 32, 839-843. – reference: 21) Lepers, R, Hausswirth, C., Maffiuletti, N., Brisswalter, J., van lloecke J., Evidence of neuromuscular fatigue after prolonged cycling exercise. Med. Sci.Sports. Exerc., (2000) , 32, 1880-1886. – reference: 9) 三田村将史, 遠藤隆志, 高橋麗, 小宮山伴与志. 反復的な高パワーおよび高速回転ペダリング運動遂行時の運動誘発電位の変化. 体力科学, (2003) , 52, 印刷中. – reference: 26) Garland, S. J., McComas, A. J., Reflex inhibition of human soleus muscle during fatigue. J Physiol., (1990) , 429, 17-27. – reference: 7) Brown, D. A., Kukulka, C. G., Human flexor reflex modulation during cycling. J. Neurophysiol., (1993) , 69, 1212-1224. – reference: 11) Gandevia, S. C., Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol. Rev., (2001) 81, 1725-89. – reference: 12) Hollge, J., Kunkel, M., Ziemann, U., Tergau, F., Geese, R., Reimers, C. D., Central fatigue in sports and daily exercises. A magnetic stimulation study. Int. J. Sports. Med., (1997) , 18, 614-617. – reference: 30) Cheng, J., Brooke, J. D., Misiaszek, J. E., Staines, W. R., Crossed inhibition of the soleus H reflex during passive pedaling movement. Brain Res., (1998) , 779, 280-284. – reference: 5) Moritani, T., Takaishi, T, , Matsumoto, T., Determination of maximal power output at neuromuscular fatigue threshold. J. Appl. Physiol., (1993) , 74, 1729-1734. – reference: 32) Simonsen, E. B. & Dyhre-Poulsen, P., Amplitude of the humansoleus H reflex during walking and running. J. Physiol., (1999) , 515, 929-939. – reference: 20) Jammes, Y., Caquelard, F., Badier, M., Correlation between surface electromyogram, oxygen uptake and blood lactate concentration during dynamic leg exercises. Respir. Physiol., (1998) , 112, 167-174. – reference: 23) 船渡和男. クランキングによる自転車ペダリングへのパワー発揮. J. J. Sports Sci. (1992) , 11, 194-199. – reference: 24) Taylor, J. L., Butler, J. E. and Gandevia S. C., Altered responses of human elbow flexors to peripheral-nerve and cortical stimulation during a sustained maximal voluntary contraction. Exp. Brain Res., (1999) , 127, 108-115. – reference: 2) 深代千之, 若山章信, 原田康弘. トップアスリートの体力とパフォーマンスー陸上・短距離選手について. 体育の科学, (1991) , 41, 262-268. – reference: 16) Sacco, P, , Thickbroom, G. AV., Byrnes, M. L., Mastaglia, F. L., Changes in corticomotor excitability after fatiguing muscle contractions. Muscle Nerve., (2000) 23, 1840-1846. – reference: 17) Enoka, R, M., Neurobiology of muscle fatigue. J. Appl. PhysiolJ1992) , 72, 1631-1648. – reference: 3) Cafarelli, E., Effect of contraction frequency on effort sensations during cycling at a constant resistance. Med. Sci. Sports., (1978) , 10, 270-275. – reference: 4) Esbjornsson-Liljedahl, M., Sundberg, C. J., Norman, B., Jansson, E., Metabolic response in type I and type II muscle fibers during a 30-s cycle sprint in men and women. J. Appl. Physiol., (1999) , 87, 1326-1332. – reference: 19) Duchateau, J., Le Bozec, S., Hainaut, K., Contributions of slow and fast muscles of triceps surae to a cyclic movement. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., (1986) , 55, 476-481. – reference: 14) Taylor, J. L., Butler, J. E., Allen, G. M., Gandevia, S. C., Changes in motor cortical excitability during human muscle fatigue. J. Physiol., (1996) , 490, 519-528. – reference: 28) Gandevia, S. C., Petersen, N., Butler, J. E, Taylor, J. L, . Impaired response of human motoneurones to corticospinal stimulation after voluntary exercise. J. Physiol., (1999) , 521, 749-759. – reference: 1) Ward-Smith, A, J. & Radford, P. F., Investigation of the kinetics of anaerobic metabolism by analysis of the performance of elite sprinters. J. Biomech., (2000) , 33, 997-1004. – reference: 10) Gandevia, S. C., Allen, G. M., Butler, J. E., Taylor, J, L., Supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue: evidence for suboptimal output from the motor cortex. J. Physiol., (1996) , 490, 529-536. – reference: 29) Capaday, C., Lavoie, B. A., Barbeau, H., Schneider, C., Bonnard, M., Studies on the corticospinal control of human walking. I. Responses to focal transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex. J. Neurophysiol., (1999) , 81, 129-139 – reference: 15) Sacco, P., Thickbroom, G. W., Thompson, M. L., Mastaglia, F. L., Changes in corticomotor excitation and inhibition during prolonged submaximal muscle contractions. Muscle Nerve., (1997) , 20, 1158-1166. – reference: 33) Nielsen, J., Petersen, N., Is presynaptic inhibition distributed to corticospinal fibres in man? J. Physiol., (1994) , 417, 47-58. – reference: 6) Brooke, J. D., McIlroy, W. E., Collins, D. F., Misiaszek, J. E., Mechanisms within the human spinal cord suppress fast reflexes to control the movement of the legs. Brain Res., (1995) , 679, 255-260. – reference: 22) MacIntosh, B. R., Neptune, R. R., Horton, J. F., Ca dence, power, and muscle activation in cycle ergometry. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., (2000) , 32, 1281-1287. – reference: 13) Taylor, J. L., Allen, G. M., Butler, J. E., Gandevia, S. C., Supraspinal fatigue during intermittent maximal voluntary contractions of the human elbow flexors. J. Appl. Physiol., (2000) , 89, 305-313, – reference: 8) Zehr, E. P., Hesketh, K. L., Chua, R., Differential regulation of cutaneous and H-reflexes during leg cycling in humans. J. Neurophysiol., (2001) , 85, 1178-1184. |
| SSID | ssj0061700 |
| Score | 1.6099765 |
| Snippet | 1.健常成人11名を対象として, 60秒間のペダリング運動中に経頭蓋的磁気刺激 (TMS) による運動誘発電位 (MEP) を大腿直筋 (RF) および外側広筋 (VL) から誘発し, その動... |
| SourceID | jstage |
| SourceType | Publisher |
| StartPage | 565 |
| Title | 経頭蓋的磁気刺激による60秒間の定常的なペダリング運動時の中枢性疲労の検討 |
| URI | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jspfsm1949/52/5/52_5_565/_article/-char/ja |
| Volume | 52 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| ispartofPNX | 体力科学, 2003/10/01, Vol.52(5), pp.565-574 |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Colorado Digital library customDbUrl: eissn: 1881-4751 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0061700 issn: 0039-906X databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 19490101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVBFR databaseName: Free Medical Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1881-4751 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0061700 issn: 0039-906X databaseCode: DIK dateStart: 19500101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.freemedicaljournals.com providerName: Flying Publisher |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpR1NaxQxdCj14kUUFb_pwRynzlcyyUlmtrNURU8t9Lbs7swcKtZi24un7tZDccWDxYpFRFSoKC3FDyhe_DHj7rb_wvdesh_aHqzCEB7J-37ZeUk2k1jW1VwJWXXTuu0GaQgTlLRmq1S5tp-qIOd45DldNnH7jpicDm7O8JmR0Xxo19LSYm28_vDQ70r-JapQB3HFr2SPENk-U6gAGOILJUQYyr-KMUtCFnMmSyxRLHJYNMESyZTPZIxNKmIyQCCCGpclgsUOUyFLgESyOKKaMu51SAghignwsNUAsXCIATDzUIgSyN6gJ8gJSpADQCzxGYjVOBEBPuEQYKT5g6bYN9JAOxABVKg-x1Jx1FEpbB0IDVAQ2gpNCYs8BIAtKInSwSaPyCMWB0NUgkUBUyX0UCSZTIaH5cRzgkwjQhX3rHbJxgkW9VcwjXypSFpAWoMiE4gL_ZVc4TApiFUZlBkQ6paycZv2X-ziQ4TAq0Q6awG6ucxUOOBA7oFIY5hDNIgIFflcHIoPQVWSrFfoUYMPwTdovRUfv__r7MknKdAVohI5AypJI_AN9CfsOj7FJ0BmujOhSjpiJaI66FTqrHHcd6oxWkXD2dNXtnLo5kkYO-iEKaVrB6E5NNhkVO4NvTn4UHrk-l4QM9Li-n6mP5M4_lWMSXxhPl-456pAjXNvvE_529no5pdXGeBWuFfhphC80kPATxgrszCPOubhuh1Onm7c6o3Y8E4Cc3yrtk_vfkA9rh3QAkaqszBv6-35pGHo1EnrhJk_jkVa4ilrJJs7bd3tfnuy_2Zrb63V3XjUfdfo7Lxor37v_FguGp-K5mrRbAmnu_lsf32taGy3tzfau7uAWDQ-FisbxcpysQLAl6K5s99otVvPOy-bgPZzd6vz-m1nebO7_rn9-CvUdN6_2vvw9Iw1XU6mSpO2uUXFnsXlAruah6nIlAwD6fg1SLdpledc5iGXjnBSIUUucs9X9WoGyTjledX1vKqAiVLuZFmW-2et0bn7c9k5awxe6tKRql4PcKGDc6lg-hWKak3VhOfl4XnruvZNZV4flVM5aoAu_DeHi9Zx2m9Lq6SXrNHFB0vZZZg3LNauUNB_AfRk6eQ |
| linkProvider | Flying Publisher |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E7%B5%8C%E9%A0%AD%E8%93%8B%E7%9A%84%E7%A3%81%E6%B0%97%E5%88%BA%E6%BF%80%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B60%E7%A7%92%E9%96%93%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9A%E5%B8%B8%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%83%80%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%99%82%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%AD%E6%9E%A2%E6%80%A7%E7%96%B2%E5%8A%B4%E3%81%AE%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%8E&rft.jtitle=%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&rft.au=%E4%B8%89%E7%94%B0%E6%9D%91%2C+%E5%B0%86%E5%8F%B2&rft.au=%E5%B0%8F%E5%AE%AE%E5%B1%B1%2C+%E4%BC%B4%E4%B8%8E%E5%BF%97&rft.au=%E9%81%A0%E8%97%A4%2C+%E9%9A%86%E5%BF%97&rft.au=%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%8B%2C+%E9%BA%97&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%A4%BE%E5%9B%A3%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&rft.issn=0039-906X&rft.eissn=1881-4751&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=565&rft.epage=574&rft_id=info:doi/10.7600%2Fjspfsm1949.52.565&rft.externalDocID=article_jspfsm1949_52_5_52_5_565_article_char_ja |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0039-906X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0039-906X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0039-906X&client=summon |