粗い斜面上の粉体流における密度およびサイズの異なる粒子の分離
火砕流堆積物の主な特徴は，鉛直方向に密度やサイズによる様々な分離が見られることである．これらの特徴を生じるメカニズムを理解するために，我々は表面が粗い斜面上を流れ，密度やサイズの異なる異物を含む粉粒体を数値的に調べた．数値計算結果は，異物粒子は密度に応じてマトリックス粒子中を上昇あるいは下降することを示した．これらの密度およびサイズによる分離は，異物粒子が流動化した粉粒体から受ける浮力および粘性抵抗に支配されていることを示している．さらに計算結果は，流れの中心部では異物粒子に働く粉粒体の抵抗は液体の粘性抵抗の法則に従うことを示唆している．...
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| Published in | 地質学雑誌 Vol. 117; no. 3; pp. 116 - 121 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
一般社団法人 日本地質学会
2011
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0016-7630 1349-9963 |
| DOI | 10.5575/geosoc.117.116 |
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| Abstract | 火砕流堆積物の主な特徴は，鉛直方向に密度やサイズによる様々な分離が見られることである．これらの特徴を生じるメカニズムを理解するために，我々は表面が粗い斜面上を流れ，密度やサイズの異なる異物を含む粉粒体を数値的に調べた．数値計算結果は，異物粒子は密度に応じてマトリックス粒子中を上昇あるいは下降することを示した．これらの密度およびサイズによる分離は，異物粒子が流動化した粉粒体から受ける浮力および粘性抵抗に支配されていることを示している．さらに計算結果は，流れの中心部では異物粒子に働く粉粒体の抵抗は液体の粘性抵抗の法則に従うことを示唆している． |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | 火砕流堆積物の主な特徴は，鉛直方向に密度やサイズによる様々な分離が見られることである．これらの特徴を生じるメカニズムを理解するために，我々は表面が粗い斜面上を流れ，密度やサイズの異なる異物を含む粉粒体を数値的に調べた．数値計算結果は，異物粒子は密度に応じてマトリックス粒子中を上昇あるいは下降することを示した．これらの密度およびサイズによる分離は，異物粒子が流動化した粉粒体から受ける浮力および粘性抵抗に支配されていることを示している．さらに計算結果は，流れの中心部では異物粒子に働く粉粒体の抵抗は液体の粘性抵抗の法則に従うことを示唆している． |
| Author | 門野, 敏彦 三谷, 典子 マトゥティス, ハンス―ゲオルグ |
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E., 1985b, Computer simulation of granular shear flows. Jour. Fluid Mech., 151, 167-188. Campbell, C. S. and Gong, A., 1986, The stress tensor in a two-dimensional granular flow. Jour. Fluid Mech., 164, 107-125. Wilson, C. J. N., 1980, The role of fluidization in the emplacement of pyroclastic flows: an experimental approach. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 8, 231-249. Felix, G. and Thomas, N., 2004, Evidence of two effects in the size segregation process in dry granular media. Phys. Rev. E, 70, 051307. Trujillo, L. and Herrmann, H. J., 2003, Hydrodynamic model for particle size segregation in granular media. Physica A, 330, 519, doi: 10.1016/S0378-4371 (03) 00621-6. Wilson, C. J. N., 1985, The Taupo eruption, New Zealand II. The Taupo ignimbrite. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A, 314, 229-310. Palladino, D. M. and Valentine, G. A., 1995, Coarse-tail vertical and lateral grading in pyroclastic flow deposits of the Latera Volcanic Complex, Vulsini, central Italy) : origin and implications for flow dynamics. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 69, 343-364. Druitt, T. H., 1998, Pyroclastic density currents, In Gilbert, J. S. and Sparks, R. S. J., eds., The Physics of Explosive Eruptions, 51-182, Geol. Soc., London, Special Publications. Campbell, C. S., 1989, Self-lubrication for long runout landslides. Jour. Geol., 97, 653-665. Wilson, C. J. N., 1984, The role of fluidization in the emplacement of pyroclastic flows, 2: an experimental results and their interpretation. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 20, 55-84. Thomas, N., 2000, Reverse and intermediate segregation of large beads in dry granular media. Phys. Rev. E, 62, 961-974. Calder, E. S., Sparks, R. S. J. and Gardeweg, M. C., 2000, Erosion, transport and segregation of pumice and lithic clasts in pyroclastic flows inferred from ignimbrite at Lascar Volcano, Chile. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 104, 201-235. Campbell, C. S. and Brennen, C. E., 1985a, Chute flows of granular material: some computer simulations, Jour. App. Mech., 52, 172-178. Sparks, R. S. J., 1976, Grain size variations in ignimbrites and implications for the transport of pyroclastic flows. Sedimentology, 23, 147-188. Druitt, T. H., 1995, Settling behaviour of concentrated dispersions and some volcanological applications. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 65, 27-39. Knight, H., Jaeger, M. and Nagel, S. R., 1993, Vibration-induced size separation in granular media: The convection connection. Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 3728. Roche, O., Gilbertson, M. Phillips, J. C. and Sparks, R. S. J., 2002, Experiments on deaerating granular flows and implications for pyroclastic flow mobility. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1792, doi: 10.1029/2002GL014819. Huerta, D. A. and Ruiz-Suarez, J. C., 2004, Vibration-induced granular segregation: a phenomenon driven by three mechanisms. Phys. Rev. Lett., 92, doi: 10.1103/PhysLevLett.92.114301. Taguchi, Y-h., 1992, New origin of a convective motion: Elastically induced convection in granular materials. Phys. Rev. Lett., 69, 1367. Albert, R., Pfeifer, M. A., Barabasi, A.-L. and Schiffer, P., 1999, Slow drag in a granular medium. Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 205-208. Shishodia, N. and Wassgren, C. R., 2001, Particle segregation in vibrofluidised beds due to buoyant forces. Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, doi: 10.1103/ PhysLevLett. 87. 084302. Savage, S. B. and Lun, C. K. K., 1988, Particle size segregation in inclined chute flow of dry cohesionless granular solids. Jour. Fluid Mech., 189, 311-335. Cleary, P. W. and Campbell, C. S., 1993, Self-lubrication for long runout landslides: examination by computer simulation. Jour. Geophys. Res., 98, 21911-21924. Druitt, T. H., Bruni, G. Lettieri, P. and Yates, J. G., 2004, The fluidization behaviour of ignimbrite at high temperature and with mechanical agitation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L02604, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018593. Landau, L. D. and Lifshitz, E. M., 1987, Fluid Mechanics. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Matuttis, H.-G., 1998, Simulation of the pressure distribution under a two-dimensional heap of polygonal particles. Granular Matter, 1, 83-91. Savage, S. B., 1988, Streaming motions in a bed of vibrationally fluidized dry granular material. Jour. Fluid Mech., 194, 457. |
| References_xml | – reference: Thomas, N., 2000, Reverse and intermediate segregation of large beads in dry granular media. Phys. Rev. E, 62, 961-974. – reference: Wilson, C. J. N., 1984, The role of fluidization in the emplacement of pyroclastic flows, 2: an experimental results and their interpretation. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 20, 55-84. – reference: Cundall, P. A. and Strack, O. D. L., 1979, A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies. Geotechnique, 29, 47-65. – reference: Trujillo, L. and Herrmann, H. J., 2003, Hydrodynamic model for particle size segregation in granular media. Physica A, 330, 519, doi: 10.1016/S0378-4371 (03) 00621-6. – reference: Landau, L. D. and Lifshitz, E. M., 1987, Fluid Mechanics. Oxford: Pergamon Press. – reference: Felix, G. and Thomas, N., 2004, Evidence of two effects in the size segregation process in dry granular media. Phys. Rev. E, 70, 051307. – reference: Wilson, C. J. N., 1985, The Taupo eruption, New Zealand II. The Taupo ignimbrite. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A, 314, 229-310. – reference: Bagnold, R. A., 1954, Experiments on a gravity-free dispersion of large solid spheres in a Newtonian fluid under shear. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A, 225, 49-63. – reference: Hirshfield, D. and Rapaport, D. C., 1997, Molecular dynamics studies of grain segregation in sheared flow. Phys. Rev. E, 56, 2012-2018. – reference: Matuttis, H.-G., 1998, Simulation of the pressure distribution under a two-dimensional heap of polygonal particles. Granular Matter, 1, 83-91. – reference: Cleary, P. W. and Campbell, C. S., 1993, Self-lubrication for long runout landslides: examination by computer simulation. Jour. Geophys. Res., 98, 21911-21924. – reference: Druitt, T. H., Bruni, G. Lettieri, P. and Yates, J. G., 2004, The fluidization behaviour of ignimbrite at high temperature and with mechanical agitation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L02604, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018593. – reference: Zik, O., Stavans, J. and Rabin, Y., 1992, Mobility of a sphere in vibrated granular media. Europhys. Lett., 17, 315-319. – reference: Sparks, R. S. J., 1976, Grain size variations in ignimbrites and implications for the transport of pyroclastic flows. Sedimentology, 23, 147-188. – reference: Campbell, C. S. and Gong, A., 1986, The stress tensor in a two-dimensional granular flow. Jour. Fluid Mech., 164, 107-125. – reference: Straub, S., 1997, Predictability of long runout landslide motion: implications from granular flow mechanics. Geol. Rundsch., 86, 415-425. – reference: Wilson, C. J. N., 1980, The role of fluidization in the emplacement of pyroclastic flows: an experimental approach. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 8, 231-249. – reference: Knight, H., Jaeger, M. and Nagel, S. R., 1993, Vibration-induced size separation in granular media: The convection connection. Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 3728. – reference: Mitani, N. K., Matuttis, H.-G. and Kadono, T., 2004, Density and size segregation in deposits of pyroclastic flow. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L15606. – reference: Huerta, D. A. and Ruiz-Suarez, J. C., 2004, Vibration-induced granular segregation: a phenomenon driven by three mechanisms. Phys. Rev. Lett., 92, doi: 10.1103/PhysLevLett.92.114301. – reference: Savage, S. B. and Lun, C. K. K., 1988, Particle size segregation in inclined chute flow of dry cohesionless granular solids. Jour. Fluid Mech., 189, 311-335. – reference: Shishodia, N. and Wassgren, C. R., 2001, Particle segregation in vibrofluidised beds due to buoyant forces. Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, doi: 10.1103/ PhysLevLett. 87. 084302. – reference: Campbell, C. S. and Brennen, C. E., 1985b, Computer simulation of granular shear flows. Jour. Fluid Mech., 151, 167-188. – reference: Savage, S. B., 1988, Streaming motions in a bed of vibrationally fluidized dry granular material. Jour. Fluid Mech., 194, 457. – reference: Palladino, D. M. and Valentine, G. A., 1995, Coarse-tail vertical and lateral grading in pyroclastic flow deposits of the Latera Volcanic Complex, Vulsini, central Italy) : origin and implications for flow dynamics. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 69, 343-364. – reference: Albert, R., Pfeifer, M. A., Barabasi, A.-L. and Schiffer, P., 1999, Slow drag in a granular medium. Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 205-208. – reference: Calder, E. S., Sparks, R. S. J. and Gardeweg, M. C., 2000, Erosion, transport and segregation of pumice and lithic clasts in pyroclastic flows inferred from ignimbrite at Lascar Volcano, Chile. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 104, 201-235. – reference: Druitt, T. H., 1995, Settling behaviour of concentrated dispersions and some volcanological applications. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 65, 27-39. – reference: Druitt, T. H., 1998, Pyroclastic density currents, In Gilbert, J. S. and Sparks, R. S. J., eds., The Physics of Explosive Eruptions, 51-182, Geol. Soc., London, Special Publications. – reference: Roche, O., Gilbertson, M. Phillips, J. C. and Sparks, R. S. J., 2002, Experiments on deaerating granular flows and implications for pyroclastic flow mobility. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1792, doi: 10.1029/2002GL014819. – reference: Taguchi, Y-h., 1992, New origin of a convective motion: Elastically induced convection in granular materials. Phys. Rev. Lett., 69, 1367. – reference: Sparks, R. S. J., Self, S. and Walker, G. P. L., 1973, Products of ignimbrite eruptions. Geology, 1, 115-118. – reference: Campbell, C. S., 1989, Self-lubrication for long runout landslides. Jour. Geol., 97, 653-665. – reference: Campbell, C. S. and Brennen, C. E., 1985a, Chute flows of granular material: some computer simulations, Jour. App. Mech., 52, 172-178. |
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| Snippet | 火砕流堆積物の主な特徴は，鉛直方向に密度やサイズによる様々な分離が見られることである．これらの特徴を生じるメカニズムを理解するために，我々は表面が粗い斜面上を... |
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| Title | 粗い斜面上の粉体流における密度およびサイズの異なる粒子の分離 |
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