セルフディスタンシングとネガティブ経験に対する内省の関連:赦しや包括的思考を含めた検討

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Published in社会心理学研究 Vol. 41; no. 1; pp. 21 - 28
Main Authors 崔 邱好, 石井 敬子
Format Journal Article
LanguageJapanese
Published 日本社会心理学会 31.07.2025
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ISSN0916-1503
2189-1338
DOI10.14966/jssp.2024-011

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Author 石井 敬子
崔 邱好
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References Ayduk, Ö., & Kross, E. (2010). From a distance: Implications of spontaneous self-distancing for adaptive self-reflection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(5), 809–829. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019205
Kross, E., Duckworth, A., Ayduk, O., Tsukayama, E., & Mischel, W. (2011). The effect of self-distancing on adaptive versus maladaptive self-reflection in children. Emotion, 11(5), 1032–1039. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021787
McCullough, M. E., Bono, G., & Root, L. M. (2007). Rumination, emotion, and forgiveness: Three longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(3), 490–505. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.490
White, R. E., Kross, E., & Duckworth, A. L. (2015). Spontaneous self-distancing and adaptive self-reflection across adolescence. Child Development, 86(4), 1272–1281. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12370
Ayduk, Ö., & Kross, E. (2008). Enhancing the pace of recovery: Self-distanced analysis of negative experiences reduces blood pressure reactivity. Psychological Science, 19(3), 229–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02073.x
Cohen, D., Hoshino-Browne, E., & Leung, A. K. (2007). Culture and the structure of personal experience: Insider and outsider phenomenologies of the self and social world. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 1–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)39001-6
Grossmann, I., & Kross, E. (2010). The impact of culture on adaptive versus maladaptive self-reflection. Psychological Science, 21(8), 1150–1157. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610376655
Cho, M. H., & Na, J. (2022). A distanced perspective reduces negative affective responses through rational view in recalling and writing angry experience. International Journal of Psychology, 57(5), 634–643. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12842
Rizvi, S., & Bobocel, D. R. (2016). Promoting forgiveness through psychological distance. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(8), 875–883. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550616662122
Ding, X., & Qian, M. (2020). The regulation effects of anger rumination on different foci of anger. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 50(6), 368–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12666
Kashima, E. S., & Kashima, Y. (1998). Culture and language: The case of cultural dimensions and personal pronoun use. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(3), 461–486. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022198293005
Kross, E., Bruehlman-Senecal, E., Park, J., Burson, A., Dougherty, A., Shablack, H., Bremner, R., Moser, J., & Ayduk, O. (2014). Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(2), 304–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035173
Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L. Jr., O’Connor, L. E., Parrott, L. III, & Wade, N. G. (2005). Forgivingness, vengeful rumination, and affective traits. Journal of Personality, 73(1), 183–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00308.x
Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Kim, H. S., Jarcho, J., Takagi, K., & Dunagan, M. S. (2004). Culture and social support: Who seeks it and why? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(3), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.354
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
McCullough, M. E. (2000). Forgiveness as human strength: Theory, measurement, and links to well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2000.19.1.43
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Masuda, T., Gonzalez, R., Kwan, L., & Nisbett, R. E. (2008). Culture and aesthetic preference: Comparing the attention to context of East Asians and Americans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(9), 1260–1275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208320555
Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., Matsumoto, H., & Norasakkunkit, V. (1997). Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(6), 1245–1267. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1245
Kross, E., & Ayduk, O. (2017). Self-distancing: Theory, research, and current directions. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 55, 81–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2016.10.002
McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L. Jr., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(6), 1586–1603. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1586
Katzir, M., & Eyal, T. (2013). When stepping outside the self is not enough: A self-distanced perspective reduces the experience of basic but not of self-conscious emotions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(6), 1089–1092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.07.006
Kross, E. (2021). Chatter: The voice in our head and how to harness it. Crown.
Ohtsubo, Y., & Yagi, A. (2015). Relationship value promotes costly apology-making: Testing the valuable relationships hypothesis from the perpetrator’s perspective. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36(3), 232–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.11.008
Ohtsubo, Y., Yamaura, K., & Yagi, A. (2015). Development of Japanese measures of reconciliatory tendencies: The Japanese trait forgivingness scale and the Japanese proclivity to apologize measure. Japanese Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.31.2_135
Forster, D. E., Billingsley, V. J., Russell, M., McCauley, T. G., Smith, A., Burnette, J. L., Ohtsubo, Y., Schug, J., Lieberman, D., & McCullough, M. E. (2020). Forgiveness takes place on an attitudinal continuum from hostility to friendliness: Toward a closer union of forgiveness theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(4), 861–880. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000227
Nisbett, R. E., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan, A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108(2), 291–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.108.2.291
Kross, E., Ayduk, O., & Mischel, W. (2005). When asking “why” does not hurt distinguishing rumination from reflective processing of negative emotions. Psychological Science, 16(9), 709–715. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01600.x
References_xml – reference: McCullough, M. E., Bono, G., & Root, L. M. (2007). Rumination, emotion, and forgiveness: Three longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(3), 490–505. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.490
– reference: Cho, M. H., & Na, J. (2022). A distanced perspective reduces negative affective responses through rational view in recalling and writing angry experience. International Journal of Psychology, 57(5), 634–643. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12842
– reference: Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., Matsumoto, H., & Norasakkunkit, V. (1997). Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(6), 1245–1267. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1245
– reference: Ayduk, Ö., & Kross, E. (2010). From a distance: Implications of spontaneous self-distancing for adaptive self-reflection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(5), 809–829. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019205
– reference: Ding, X., & Qian, M. (2020). The regulation effects of anger rumination on different foci of anger. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 50(6), 368–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12666
– reference: Masuda, T., Gonzalez, R., Kwan, L., & Nisbett, R. E. (2008). Culture and aesthetic preference: Comparing the attention to context of East Asians and Americans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(9), 1260–1275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208320555
– reference: Kross, E., Bruehlman-Senecal, E., Park, J., Burson, A., Dougherty, A., Shablack, H., Bremner, R., Moser, J., & Ayduk, O. (2014). Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(2), 304–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035173
– reference: McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L. Jr., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(6), 1586–1603. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1586
– reference: Rizvi, S., & Bobocel, D. R. (2016). Promoting forgiveness through psychological distance. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(8), 875–883. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550616662122
– reference: Kross, E., Duckworth, A., Ayduk, O., Tsukayama, E., & Mischel, W. (2011). The effect of self-distancing on adaptive versus maladaptive self-reflection in children. Emotion, 11(5), 1032–1039. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021787
– reference: Kross, E., & Ayduk, O. (2017). Self-distancing: Theory, research, and current directions. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 55, 81–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2016.10.002
– reference: Forster, D. E., Billingsley, V. J., Russell, M., McCauley, T. G., Smith, A., Burnette, J. L., Ohtsubo, Y., Schug, J., Lieberman, D., & McCullough, M. E. (2020). Forgiveness takes place on an attitudinal continuum from hostility to friendliness: Toward a closer union of forgiveness theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(4), 861–880. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000227
– reference: Katzir, M., & Eyal, T. (2013). When stepping outside the self is not enough: A self-distanced perspective reduces the experience of basic but not of self-conscious emotions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(6), 1089–1092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.07.006
– reference: McCullough, M. E. (2000). Forgiveness as human strength: Theory, measurement, and links to well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2000.19.1.43
– reference: Nisbett, R. E., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan, A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108(2), 291–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.108.2.291
– reference: Grossmann, I., & Kross, E. (2010). The impact of culture on adaptive versus maladaptive self-reflection. Psychological Science, 21(8), 1150–1157. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610376655
– reference: Kashima, E. S., & Kashima, Y. (1998). Culture and language: The case of cultural dimensions and personal pronoun use. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(3), 461–486. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022198293005
– reference: Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L. Jr., O’Connor, L. E., Parrott, L. III, & Wade, N. G. (2005). Forgivingness, vengeful rumination, and affective traits. Journal of Personality, 73(1), 183–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00308.x
– reference: Kross, E., Ayduk, O., & Mischel, W. (2005). When asking “why” does not hurt distinguishing rumination from reflective processing of negative emotions. Psychological Science, 16(9), 709–715. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01600.x
– reference: Ayduk, Ö., & Kross, E. (2008). Enhancing the pace of recovery: Self-distanced analysis of negative experiences reduces blood pressure reactivity. Psychological Science, 19(3), 229–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02073.x
– reference: White, R. E., Kross, E., & Duckworth, A. L. (2015). Spontaneous self-distancing and adaptive self-reflection across adolescence. Child Development, 86(4), 1272–1281. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12370
– reference: Ohtsubo, Y., Yamaura, K., & Yagi, A. (2015). Development of Japanese measures of reconciliatory tendencies: The Japanese trait forgivingness scale and the Japanese proclivity to apologize measure. Japanese Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.31.2_135
– reference: Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
– reference: Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Kim, H. S., Jarcho, J., Takagi, K., & Dunagan, M. S. (2004). Culture and social support: Who seeks it and why? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(3), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.354
– reference: Kross, E. (2021). Chatter: The voice in our head and how to harness it. Crown.
– reference: Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
– reference: Ohtsubo, Y., & Yagi, A. (2015). Relationship value promotes costly apology-making: Testing the valuable relationships hypothesis from the perpetrator’s perspective. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36(3), 232–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.11.008
– reference: Cohen, D., Hoshino-Browne, E., & Leung, A. K. (2007). Culture and the structure of personal experience: Insider and outsider phenomenologies of the self and social world. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 1–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)39001-6
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SubjectTerms セルフディスタンシング
内省
包括的思考
感情制御
Title セルフディスタンシングとネガティブ経験に対する内省の関連:赦しや包括的思考を含めた検討
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