中部日本・山岳斜面での葉面積率変化に伴う小盆地内の夜間気温逆転層の発達
夜間の気温逆転（NTI）は山岳域の局地気候を特徴づける重要な因子である。中部日本におけるほとんどの山岳斜面は森林で覆われているが、森林の開葉・落葉が盆地内のNTIに及ぼす影響は解明されていない。長野県菅平高原の標高1320mに位置する混交林で、3年間にわたり葉面積指数（LAI）を観測したところ、盆地内のNTIは開葉に伴い弱化し、落葉に伴い強化する事が明らかとなった。数値標高・土地利用データを用いて、夜間冷気流が生じる流域内の落葉・混交林の分布を特定した。有効積算気温に基づき推定した流域スケールでの開葉・落葉時期は、NTI変化とほぼ一致した。微気象観測によると、林床でのNTIと近隣草原での斜面下...
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| Published in | 気象集誌. 第2輯 Vol. 100; no. 6; pp. 913 - 926 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
公益社団法人 日本気象学会
2022
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0026-1165 2186-9057 |
| DOI | 10.2151/jmsj.2022-047 |
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| Abstract | 夜間の気温逆転（NTI）は山岳域の局地気候を特徴づける重要な因子である。中部日本におけるほとんどの山岳斜面は森林で覆われているが、森林の開葉・落葉が盆地内のNTIに及ぼす影響は解明されていない。長野県菅平高原の標高1320mに位置する混交林で、3年間にわたり葉面積指数（LAI）を観測したところ、盆地内のNTIは開葉に伴い弱化し、落葉に伴い強化する事が明らかとなった。数値標高・土地利用データを用いて、夜間冷気流が生じる流域内の落葉・混交林の分布を特定した。有効積算気温に基づき推定した流域スケールでの開葉・落葉時期は、NTI変化とほぼ一致した。微気象観測によると、林床でのNTIと近隣草原での斜面下降風は放射冷却が卓越した落葉期夜間に強化した。春季落葉期間と夏季開葉期間で夜間静穏晴天日をそれぞれ22日、30日分抽出した。冷気湖の発達に必要となる損失熱量を推定し、森林域での貯熱フラックスに変換した。貯熱フラックスは落葉期に比べて開葉期が3.8W m -2増加し、従来の研究で推定されている森林の貯熱量（数10W m -2）より少量となった。これは、開葉に伴う森林の貯熱量増加が夜間の放射冷却量を相殺し林床での重力流を弱めている事を示唆している。 |
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| AbstractList | 夜間の気温逆転（NTI）は山岳域の局地気候を特徴づける重要な因子である。中部日本におけるほとんどの山岳斜面は森林で覆われているが、森林の開葉・落葉が盆地内のNTIに及ぼす影響は解明されていない。長野県菅平高原の標高1320mに位置する混交林で、3年間にわたり葉面積指数（LAI）を観測したところ、盆地内のNTIは開葉に伴い弱化し、落葉に伴い強化する事が明らかとなった。数値標高・土地利用データを用いて、夜間冷気流が生じる流域内の落葉・混交林の分布を特定した。有効積算気温に基づき推定した流域スケールでの開葉・落葉時期は、NTI変化とほぼ一致した。微気象観測によると、林床でのNTIと近隣草原での斜面下降風は放射冷却が卓越した落葉期夜間に強化した。春季落葉期間と夏季開葉期間で夜間静穏晴天日をそれぞれ22日、30日分抽出した。冷気湖の発達に必要となる損失熱量を推定し、森林域での貯熱フラックスに変換した。貯熱フラックスは落葉期に比べて開葉期が3.8W m -2増加し、従来の研究で推定されている森林の貯熱量（数10W m -2）より少量となった。これは、開葉に伴う森林の貯熱量増加が夜間の放射冷却量を相殺し林床での重力流を弱めている事を示唆している。 |
| Author | 上野, 健一 楠, 健志 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: 楠, 健志 organization: 野村総合研究所 – sequence: 1 fullname: 上野, 健一 organization: 筑波大学生命環境系 |
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| DOI | 10.2151/jmsj.2022-047 |
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| References_xml | – reference: Mahrt, L., and R. Heald, 2015: Common marginal cold pools. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 54, 339-351. – reference: Tachibana, Y., 1995: A statistical study of the snowfall distribution on the Japan Sea side of Hokkaido and its relation to synoptic-scale and meso-scale environments. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 73, 697-715. – reference: Wilson, K. B., P. J. Hanson, and D. D. Baldocchi, 2000: Factors controlling evaporation and energy partitioning beneath a deciduous forest over an annual cycle. Agric. For. Meteorol., 102, 83-103. – reference: Garratt, J. R., 1992: The Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Cambridge University Press, 316 pp. – reference: Mencuccini, M., J. Grace, J. Moncrieff, and K. G. Mc-Naughton, 2003: Forests at the Land-Atmosphere Interface. CABI Publishing Press, 304 pp. – reference: Schuster, C., M. Kirchner, G. Jakobi, and A. Menzel, 2014: Frequency of inversions affects senescence phenology of Acer pseudoplatanus and Fagus sylvatica. Int. J. 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Tsukuba Geoenviron. Sci., 13, 1-12. |
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| Snippet | 夜間の気温逆転（NTI）は山岳域の局地気候を特徴づける重要な因子である。中部日本におけるほとんどの山岳斜面は森林で覆われているが、森林の開葉・落葉が盆地内のNTIに... |
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| SubjectTerms | cold-air pool leaf area index mountain forest temperature inversion |
| Title | 中部日本・山岳斜面での葉面積率変化に伴う小盆地内の夜間気温逆転層の発達 |
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| ispartofPNX | 気象集誌. 第2輯, 2022, Vol.100(6), pp.913-926 |
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