高濃度の鉄を含有するハノイ市地下水の揺動床による硝化処理の評価

高濃度のアンモニア性窒素に汚染されたハノイ市の地下水をアクリル繊維製の担体 (バイオフリンジ : BF) を活用する揺動床で硝化処理した。空気による循環曝気で運転される揺動床処理システムは、固定床と流動床の特性を併せ持っているので、汚泥閉塞のない状態で、生育速度の遅い硝化細菌をリアクタ内に安定して付着固定化することが可能である。容量7.7lの揺動床リアクタ2台を用いて、ハノイ市の地下水成分に基づき調整したアンモニア性窒素を30mg/lの濃度の合成地下水を硝化処理した。一つ目のリアクタ (BF1) には、Fe (II) を5 mg/lの濃度で含む合成地下水を、もう一つのリアクタ (BF2) はF...

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Published in日本水処理生物学会誌 Vol. 41; no. 4; pp. 181 - 192
Main Authors 藤井, 隆夫, 小山, 登一郎, 古川, 憲治, 楠本, 良一
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 日本水処理生物学会 2005
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ISSN0910-6758
1881-0438
DOI10.2521/jswtb.41.181

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Abstract 高濃度のアンモニア性窒素に汚染されたハノイ市の地下水をアクリル繊維製の担体 (バイオフリンジ : BF) を活用する揺動床で硝化処理した。空気による循環曝気で運転される揺動床処理システムは、固定床と流動床の特性を併せ持っているので、汚泥閉塞のない状態で、生育速度の遅い硝化細菌をリアクタ内に安定して付着固定化することが可能である。容量7.7lの揺動床リアクタ2台を用いて、ハノイ市の地下水成分に基づき調整したアンモニア性窒素を30mg/lの濃度の合成地下水を硝化処理した。一つ目のリアクタ (BF1) には、Fe (II) を5 mg/lの濃度で含む合成地下水を、もう一つのリアクタ (BF2) はFe (II) を含まない合成地下水を供給した。BF1は水理学的滞留時間3時間、アンモニア性窒素容積負荷0.24kg-N/m3/dで、BF2は水理学的滞留時間1.5時間、アンモニア性窒素容積負荷0.48kg-N/m3/dで95～98%の高い硝化率を達成することができた。処理水のSS濃度は3～6 mg/lで、しかもSS中のVSSの割合が20%と低いことから、揺動床リアクタがFe (II) の除去能力に優れていることが明らかとなった。処理水温を25℃から15℃に低下させると硝化能力は急減に低下したが、すぐに回復したことから、BFに付着固定化された硝化菌が温度の低下に対して適用性の高いことが判明した。BFに付着した硝化生物膜の細菌叢を分子生物学的な手法で解析した結果、BF1、BF2両方のリアクタから、アンモニア酸化細菌Nitrosomonasが検出された。BF2では、アンモニア酸化細菌の1種であるNitrospira sp. が検出された。
AbstractList 高濃度のアンモニア性窒素に汚染されたハノイ市の地下水をアクリル繊維製の担体 (バイオフリンジ : BF) を活用する揺動床で硝化処理した。空気による循環曝気で運転される揺動床処理システムは、固定床と流動床の特性を併せ持っているので、汚泥閉塞のない状態で、生育速度の遅い硝化細菌をリアクタ内に安定して付着固定化することが可能である。容量7.7lの揺動床リアクタ2台を用いて、ハノイ市の地下水成分に基づき調整したアンモニア性窒素を30mg/lの濃度の合成地下水を硝化処理した。一つ目のリアクタ (BF1) には、Fe (II) を5 mg/lの濃度で含む合成地下水を、もう一つのリアクタ (BF2) はFe (II) を含まない合成地下水を供給した。BF1は水理学的滞留時間3時間、アンモニア性窒素容積負荷0.24kg-N/m3/dで、BF2は水理学的滞留時間1.5時間、アンモニア性窒素容積負荷0.48kg-N/m3/dで95～98%の高い硝化率を達成することができた。処理水のSS濃度は3～6 mg/lで、しかもSS中のVSSの割合が20%と低いことから、揺動床リアクタがFe (II) の除去能力に優れていることが明らかとなった。処理水温を25℃から15℃に低下させると硝化能力は急減に低下したが、すぐに回復したことから、BFに付着固定化された硝化菌が温度の低下に対して適用性の高いことが判明した。BFに付着した硝化生物膜の細菌叢を分子生物学的な手法で解析した結果、BF1、BF2両方のリアクタから、アンモニア酸化細菌Nitrosomonasが検出された。BF2では、アンモニア酸化細菌の1種であるNitrospira sp. が検出された。
Author 小山, 登一郎
藤井, 隆夫
楠本, 良一
古川, 憲治
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16) Amann,, R. I, Krumholz, L., and Stahl, D. A.: Fluorescent-oligonucleotide probing of whole cells for determinative, phylogenetic, and environmental studies in microbiology, J. Bacteriol. 172, 762-770 (1990
24) Schramm, A., Beer, D., Wagner, M., and Amann, R.: Identification and Activities In Situ of Nitrosospira and Nitrospira spp. as Dominant Populations in a Nitrifying Fluidized Bed Reactor, Appl Environ Microbiol., 64, 3480-3485 (1998
1) Hanoi Clean Water Business Company: Assessment of Existing Groundwater Quality and treatment Effectiveness at the Water Treatment Plants managed by HCWBC, Report 2000
26) Groeneweg, J., Sellner, B., and Tappe, W.: Ammonia Oxidation in Nitrosomonas at NH3 Concentrations near Km: Effects of pH and Temperature, Wat. Res., 28, 2561-2566 (1994
13) Lipponen, M. T. T., Merja, H., Suutari, Pertti, J., and Martikainen: occurrence of nitrifying bacteria and nitrification in Finnish drinking water distribution systems, Wat. Res., 36, 4319-4329 (2002
15) Egli, K., Bosshard, F., Werlen, C., Lais, P., Siegrist, H., Zehnder, A. J. B., and Meer, J. R.: Microbial Composition and Structure of a Rotating Biological Contactor Biofilm Treating Ammonium-Rich Wastewater without Organic Carbon, Micro. Eco. 22, 419-432 (2003
4) US EPA: Groundwater and Drinking water: Nitrification, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, (2005) http://www.epa.gov/safewater/tcr/pdf/nitrification.pdf
20) Anthonisen, A. C., Loehr, R. C., Prakasam, T. B. S., and Srinath, E. G.: Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid, J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 48, 835-852 (1976
10) Watson, S. W., E. Bock, H. Harms, H.-P. Koops, and A. B. Hooper.: Nitrifying Bacteria, p. 1808-1834. (1989), In R. G. E. Murray, D. J. Brenner, M. P. Bryant, J. G. Holt, N. R. Krieg, J. W. Moulder, N. Pfennig, P. H. A. Sneath, J. T. Stanley, and S. Williams (ed.), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
2) Nhue, T. H., Tin, N. V., VietAnh, N., and Hai, D.: An assessment of the effectiveness of ammonia removal at water treatment in Hanoi City, Proceeding of Joint Seminar on TNRGW, 14-26 (2001
21) Doan, T. H., Kutsumoto R., Koyama, T., and Furukawa, K.: Nitrification of Ammonium-contaminated Hanoi Ground-water using Swim-bed technology, Japan. J. Water treat. Biol., 41, 0∼0 (2005
17) Daims, H., Bruhl, A., Amann, R., Schleifer, K. H., Wagner, M.: The domain-specific probe EUB338 is insufficient for the detection of all bacteria: development and evaluation of a more comprehensive probe set, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 22, 434-444 (1999
27) Head, M. A., and Oleszkiewicz, J. A.: Bioaugmentation for nitrification at cold temperatures, Wat. Res. 38, 523-530 (2004
3) WHO: Guideline for drinking water quality. Vol. I, Recommendation. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2000.
7) Sliekers, A. O., Derwort, N., Gomez, J. L., Strous, M., Kuenen, J. G., and Jetten, M. S.: Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite in one single reactor, Wat. Res., 36, 2475-2482 (2002
22) Burrell, P. C., Phalen, C. M., and Hovanec, T. A.: Identification of Bacteria Responsible for Ammonia Oxidation in Freshwater Aquaria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 5791-5800 (2001
25) Dabert, P., Sialve, B., Delgenes, J. P., Moletta, R., and Godon, J. J.: Characterisation of the microbial 16S rDNA diversity of an aerobic phosphorus-removal ecosystem and monitoring of its transition to nitrate respiration, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 55, 500-509 (2001
9) Lieu, P. K., Tokitoh, H., Fujii, T., and Furukawa, K.: Single-Stage Nitrogen Removal Using Anammox and Partial Nitritation (SNAP) for Treatment of Synthetic Landfill Leachate, Japan. J. Water treat. Biol., 41, 0∼0 (2005
23) Bollmann, A., Bar-Gilissen, M. J., Laanbroek, H. J.: Growth at Low Ammonium Concentrations and Starvation Response as Potential Factors Involved in Niche Differentiation among Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria, Appl Environ Microbiol., 68, 4751-4757 (2002
8) Nielsen, M., Bollmann, A., Sliekers, A. O., Jetten, M. S. M., Schmid, M. C., Strous, M., Schmidt, I., Larsen, L. H., Nielsen, L. P., and Revsbech, N. P.: Kinetics, diffusional limitation and microscale distribution of chemistry and organisms in a CANON reactor, FEMS Mic. Eco. 51, 247-256 (2005
14) Rowe, R., Todd, R., and Waide, J.: Microtechnique for most-probable-number analysis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 33, 675-680 (1977
6) Hellinga, C. A., Schellen, A. J. C., Mulder, J. W., van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., and Heijnen, J. J.: The Sharon process: an innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water, Wat. Sci. Tech., 37, 135-142 (1998
12) Burrell, P. C., Phalen, C. M., and Hovanec, T. A.: Identification of bacteria responsible for ammonia oxidation in fresh-water aquaria, Appl Environ Microbiol. 67, 5791-800 (2001
19) Kanda, J.: Determination of ammonium in sea water base on the indophenol reaction with o-phenilphenol, Wat. Res., 29, 2746-2750 (1995
11) Rouse, J., Yazaki, D., Cheng, Y., Koyama, T., and Furukawa, K.: Swim-bed Technology as an Innovative attached-growth Process for High-rate Wastewater Treatment, Japan. J. Water treat. Biol., 40, 115-124 (2004
18) Clesceri, L. S., Eaton, A. D., and Greenberg, A. E.: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D. C. (1995
28) Kos, P., Head, M. A., Oleszkiewicz, J., and Warakomski, A.: Demonstration of low temperature nitrification with a short SRT, Lotepro Environmental Systems & Services, http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wsm/WSM_TAO/InnovTechForum/InnovTechForum-IIA-Gilligan_1.pdf1997
References_xml – reference: 10) Watson, S. W., E. Bock, H. Harms, H.-P. Koops, and A. B. Hooper.: Nitrifying Bacteria, p. 1808-1834. (1989), In R. G. E. Murray, D. J. Brenner, M. P. Bryant, J. G. Holt, N. R. Krieg, J. W. Moulder, N. Pfennig, P. H. A. Sneath, J. T. Stanley, and S. Williams (ed.), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
– reference: 9) Lieu, P. K., Tokitoh, H., Fujii, T., and Furukawa, K.: Single-Stage Nitrogen Removal Using Anammox and Partial Nitritation (SNAP) for Treatment of Synthetic Landfill Leachate, Japan. J. Water treat. Biol., 41, 0∼0 (2005)
– reference: 12) Burrell, P. C., Phalen, C. M., and Hovanec, T. A.: Identification of bacteria responsible for ammonia oxidation in fresh-water aquaria, Appl Environ Microbiol. 67, 5791-800 (2001)
– reference: 18) Clesceri, L. S., Eaton, A. D., and Greenberg, A. E.: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D. C. (1995)
– reference: 1) Hanoi Clean Water Business Company: Assessment of Existing Groundwater Quality and treatment Effectiveness at the Water Treatment Plants managed by HCWBC, Report 2000
– reference: 16) Amann,, R. I, Krumholz, L., and Stahl, D. A.: Fluorescent-oligonucleotide probing of whole cells for determinative, phylogenetic, and environmental studies in microbiology, J. Bacteriol. 172, 762-770 (1990)
– reference: 23) Bollmann, A., Bar-Gilissen, M. J., Laanbroek, H. J.: Growth at Low Ammonium Concentrations and Starvation Response as Potential Factors Involved in Niche Differentiation among Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria, Appl Environ Microbiol., 68, 4751-4757 (2002)
– reference: 25) Dabert, P., Sialve, B., Delgenes, J. P., Moletta, R., and Godon, J. J.: Characterisation of the microbial 16S rDNA diversity of an aerobic phosphorus-removal ecosystem and monitoring of its transition to nitrate respiration, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 55, 500-509 (2001)
– reference: 8) Nielsen, M., Bollmann, A., Sliekers, A. O., Jetten, M. S. M., Schmid, M. C., Strous, M., Schmidt, I., Larsen, L. H., Nielsen, L. P., and Revsbech, N. P.: Kinetics, diffusional limitation and microscale distribution of chemistry and organisms in a CANON reactor, FEMS Mic. Eco. 51, 247-256 (2005)
– reference: 21) Doan, T. H., Kutsumoto R., Koyama, T., and Furukawa, K.: Nitrification of Ammonium-contaminated Hanoi Ground-water using Swim-bed technology, Japan. J. Water treat. Biol., 41, 0∼0 (2005)
– reference: 4) US EPA: Groundwater and Drinking water: Nitrification, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, (2005) http://www.epa.gov/safewater/tcr/pdf/nitrification.pdf
– reference: 11) Rouse, J., Yazaki, D., Cheng, Y., Koyama, T., and Furukawa, K.: Swim-bed Technology as an Innovative attached-growth Process for High-rate Wastewater Treatment, Japan. J. Water treat. Biol., 40, 115-124 (2004)
– reference: 26) Groeneweg, J., Sellner, B., and Tappe, W.: Ammonia Oxidation in Nitrosomonas at NH3 Concentrations near Km: Effects of pH and Temperature, Wat. Res., 28, 2561-2566 (1994)
– reference: 5) Metcalf & Eddy, Inc.: Wastewater Engineering: Treatment/Disposal/Reuse, 2nd Edition, revised by George Tchobanoglous, McGraw-Hill, New York., pp. 696-716 (1979)
– reference: 24) Schramm, A., Beer, D., Wagner, M., and Amann, R.: Identification and Activities In Situ of Nitrosospira and Nitrospira spp. as Dominant Populations in a Nitrifying Fluidized Bed Reactor, Appl Environ Microbiol., 64, 3480-3485 (1998)
– reference: 7) Sliekers, A. O., Derwort, N., Gomez, J. L., Strous, M., Kuenen, J. G., and Jetten, M. S.: Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite in one single reactor, Wat. Res., 36, 2475-2482 (2002)
– reference: 17) Daims, H., Bruhl, A., Amann, R., Schleifer, K. H., Wagner, M.: The domain-specific probe EUB338 is insufficient for the detection of all bacteria: development and evaluation of a more comprehensive probe set, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 22, 434-444 (1999)
– reference: 27) Head, M. A., and Oleszkiewicz, J. A.: Bioaugmentation for nitrification at cold temperatures, Wat. Res. 38, 523-530 (2004)
– reference: 19) Kanda, J.: Determination of ammonium in sea water base on the indophenol reaction with o-phenilphenol, Wat. Res., 29, 2746-2750 (1995)
– reference: 28) Kos, P., Head, M. A., Oleszkiewicz, J., and Warakomski, A.: Demonstration of low temperature nitrification with a short SRT, Lotepro Environmental Systems & Services, http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wsm/WSM_TAO/InnovTechForum/InnovTechForum-IIA-Gilligan_1.pdf1997
– reference: 13) Lipponen, M. T. T., Merja, H., Suutari, Pertti, J., and Martikainen: occurrence of nitrifying bacteria and nitrification in Finnish drinking water distribution systems, Wat. Res., 36, 4319-4329 (2002)
– reference: 22) Burrell, P. C., Phalen, C. M., and Hovanec, T. A.: Identification of Bacteria Responsible for Ammonia Oxidation in Freshwater Aquaria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 5791-5800 (2001)
– reference: 14) Rowe, R., Todd, R., and Waide, J.: Microtechnique for most-probable-number analysis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 33, 675-680 (1977)
– reference: 20) Anthonisen, A. C., Loehr, R. C., Prakasam, T. B. S., and Srinath, E. G.: Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid, J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 48, 835-852 (1976)
– reference: 3) WHO: Guideline for drinking water quality. Vol. I, Recommendation. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2000.
– reference: 2) Nhue, T. H., Tin, N. V., VietAnh, N., and Hai, D.: An assessment of the effectiveness of ammonia removal at water treatment in Hanoi City, Proceeding of Joint Seminar on TNRGW, 14-26 (2001)
– reference: 15) Egli, K., Bosshard, F., Werlen, C., Lais, P., Siegrist, H., Zehnder, A. J. B., and Meer, J. R.: Microbial Composition and Structure of a Rotating Biological Contactor Biofilm Treating Ammonium-Rich Wastewater without Organic Carbon, Micro. Eco. 22, 419-432 (2003)
– reference: 6) Hellinga, C. A., Schellen, A. J. C., Mulder, J. W., van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., and Heijnen, J. J.: The Sharon process: an innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water, Wat. Sci. Tech., 37, 135-142 (1998)
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Title 高濃度の鉄を含有するハノイ市地下水の揺動床による硝化処理の評価
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