ROLバリア：湿生植物の過湿状態の土壌への適応を支えるしくみ

過湿状態の土壌は低酸素になるだけでなく，還元化による有毒物質が増加するため，ほとんどの植物の生育が阻害される．イネやヨシなどの湿生植物は，根に酸素を通気する細胞間隙である通気組織を発達させて過湿土壌に適応している．酸素は拡散によって通気組織内を移動するため，根の基部において，酸素は根端方向に向かうだけでなく，放射方向にも拡散し，放射状酸素放出 （radial oxygen loss, ROL） として酸素が根から失われる．湿生植物の多くは根の基部に放射状酸素放出を抑制する「ROLバリア」を形成し，根端までの酸素の長距離輸送を可能にしている．根端に届けられた酸素は細胞の呼吸に利用されるだけでなく...

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Published in根の研究 Vol. 25; no. 3; pp. 47 - 62
Main Author 塩野, 克宏
Format Journal Article
LanguageJapanese
Published 根研究学会 2016
Subjects
ROLバリア（酸素漏出バリア）
スベリン
根圏酸化
湿害
通気組織
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0919-2182
1880-7186
DOI10.3117/rootres.25.47

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Abstract 過湿状態の土壌は低酸素になるだけでなく，還元化による有毒物質が増加するため，ほとんどの植物の生育が阻害される．イネやヨシなどの湿生植物は，根に酸素を通気する細胞間隙である通気組織を発達させて過湿土壌に適応している．酸素は拡散によって通気組織内を移動するため，根の基部において，酸素は根端方向に向かうだけでなく，放射方向にも拡散し，放射状酸素放出 （radial oxygen loss, ROL） として酸素が根から失われる．湿生植物の多くは根の基部に放射状酸素放出を抑制する「ROLバリア」を形成し，根端までの酸素の長距離輸送を可能にしている．根端に届けられた酸素は細胞の呼吸に利用されるだけでなく，根から放出され，還元化した土壌を酸化する．これによって，有毒物質を無毒化し，根端を保護する．根の基部では，ROLバリアの主要成分であるスベリンが外皮に蓄積し，酸素の流出を妨げるだけでなく，有毒物質の根への流入も防ぐと考えられている．ROLバリアの形成にはWRKY，AP2，NAC，MYB型転写因子が制御するスベリン生合成遺伝子が関わると予想されている．しかし，これまでROLバリアを形成できない変異体は得られていない．さらに，どのような環境要因がROLバリア形成の引き金になるのかも不明である．今後，湿生植物の過湿土壌への適応を理解するために，ROLバリア形成に関わる遺伝子，植物ホルモンやシグナル伝達系の特定が求められている．
AbstractList 過湿状態の土壌は低酸素になるだけでなく，還元化による有毒物質が増加するため，ほとんどの植物の生育が阻害される．イネやヨシなどの湿生植物は，根に酸素を通気する細胞間隙である通気組織を発達させて過湿土壌に適応している．酸素は拡散によって通気組織内を移動するため，根の基部において，酸素は根端方向に向かうだけでなく，放射方向にも拡散し，放射状酸素放出 （radial oxygen loss, ROL） として酸素が根から失われる．湿生植物の多くは根の基部に放射状酸素放出を抑制する「ROLバリア」を形成し，根端までの酸素の長距離輸送を可能にしている．根端に届けられた酸素は細胞の呼吸に利用されるだけでなく，根から放出され，還元化した土壌を酸化する．これによって，有毒物質を無毒化し，根端を保護する．根の基部では，ROLバリアの主要成分であるスベリンが外皮に蓄積し，酸素の流出を妨げるだけでなく，有毒物質の根への流入も防ぐと考えられている．ROLバリアの形成にはWRKY，AP2，NAC，MYB型転写因子が制御するスベリン生合成遺伝子が関わると予想されている．しかし，これまでROLバリアを形成できない変異体は得られていない．さらに，どのような環境要因がROLバリア形成の引き金になるのかも不明である．今後，湿生植物の過湿土壌への適応を理解するために，ROLバリア形成に関わる遺伝子，植物ホルモンやシグナル伝達系の特定が求められている．
Author 塩野, 克宏
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– reference: 6) Armstrong, J., Armstrong, W. 2005. Rice: Sulfide-induced barriers to root radial oxygen loss, Fe<cstyle:上付き>2+ and water uptake, and lateral root emergence. Ann. Bot. 96: 625-638.
– reference: 75) Shiono, K., Ogawa, S., Yamazaki, S., Isoda, H., Fujimura, T., Nakazono, M., Colmer, T.D. 2011. Contrasting dynamics of radial O<cstyle:下付き>2-loss barrier induction and aerenchyma formation in rice roots of two lengths. Ann. Bot. 107: 89-99.
– reference: 32) Gilbert, B., Frenzel, P. 1998. Rice roots and CH<cstyle:下付き>4 oxidation: the activity of bacteria, their distribution and the microenvironment. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30: 1903-1916.
– reference: 26) Enstone, D.E., Peterson, C.A. 2005. Suberin lamella development in maize seedling roots grown in aerated and stagnant conditions. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 444-455.
– reference: 42) Jung, J., Lee, S.C., Choi, H.-K. 2008. Anatomical patterns of aerenchyma in aquatic and wetland plants. J. Plant Biol. 51: 428-439.
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Snippet 過湿状態の土壌は低酸素になるだけでなく，還元化による有毒物質が増加するため，ほとんどの植物の生育が阻害される．イネやヨシなどの湿生植物は，根に酸素を通気する細...
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SubjectTerms ROLバリア（酸素漏出バリア）
スベリン
根圏酸化
湿害
通気組織
Title ROLバリア：湿生植物の過湿状態の土壌への適応を支えるしくみ
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