Comparative Study on the Carcinogenicity of 1-Nitropyrene and Benzo (a) pyrene to the Lung of Syrian Golden Hamsters Induced by Intermittent Intratracheal Instlliations
1-nitropyrene (1-NP), which has recently been considered to be one of the important environmental mutagens among air pollutants, and benzo (a) pyrene (B (a) P), a well known environmental carcinogen, were intratracheally instilled into male Syrian golden hamsters once a week for 15 weeks. The total...
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| Published in | Journal of Japan Society of Air Pollution Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 29 - 35 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment
1987
公益社団法人 大気環境学会 |
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| ISSN | 0386-7064 2186-3695 |
| DOI | 10.11298/taiki1978.22.29 |
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| Abstract | 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), which has recently been considered to be one of the important environmental mutagens among air pollutants, and benzo (a) pyrene (B (a) P), a well known environmental carcinogen, were intratracheally instilled into male Syrian golden hamsters once a week for 15 weeks. The total dosage was 30 mg. At the same time, a further control group received only phosphate buffer solution. During the total life span, tumor incidence rates in the 1-NP and B (a) P groups were 10% and 86%, respectively, but no tumor developed in the control group. The incidence rates of lung tumors in the 1-NP and B (a) P groups were significantly different, but not in the 1-NP and control groups. These results show that the carcinogenicity of B (a) P to the lung of Syrian golden hamsters should be considered more seriously than that of 1-NP. |
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| AbstractList | 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), which has recently been considered to be one of the important environmental mutagens among air pollutants, and benzo (a) pyrene (B (a) P), a well known environmental carcinogen, were intratracheally instilled into male Syrian golden hamsters once a week for 15 weeks. The total dosage was 30 mg. At the same time, a further control group received only phosphate buffer solution. During the total life span, tumor incidence rates in the 1-NP and B (a) P groups were 10% and 86%, respectively, but no tumor developed in the control group. The incidence rates of lung tumors in the 1-NP and B (a) P groups were significantly different, but not in the 1-NP and control groups. These results show that the carcinogenicity of B (a) P to the lung of Syrian golden hamsters should be considered more seriously than that of 1-NP.
1-nitropyrene (1-NP) は, ディーゼルエンジン排気ガス中, コピーのトーナー液, 大気浮遊粒子中に検出され, 高い直接変異原活性を示すために最近発がん性に関して注目を集めている。そこで, 大気汚染物質で発がん性のあるbenzo (a) pyrene (B (a) P) と1-NPの呼吸器官に対する発がん性の比較を雄性シリアンゴールデンハムスターを用いて行った。1回投与量2.0mgの各物質を0.2mlのリン酸緩衝液に懸濁し, 1週間に1回, 連続15週間にわたり, 投与総量30mgをハムスターの気管内に投与した。投与終了後はハムスターは無処置で放置し, 死亡したハムスターについて主に呼吸器官の腫瘍発生を病理組織学的に検索した。その結果, 1-NP群では検鏡できた21匹中2例に呼吸器官の腫瘍の発生があり, 腫瘍発生率は10%であった。これに対してB (a) P群では22匹中19匹に呼吸器官の腫瘍発生があり, 腫瘍発生率は86%であった。対照群では腫瘍の発生はなかった。さらに, 担腫瘍動物の平均生存日数は1-NP群481日, B (a) P群246日とB (a) P群が1-NP群に比べてはるかに短く, 1-NP群とB (a) P群との間の腫瘍発生率の差は0.1%のレベルで有意な差が認められた。これらのことにより, B (a) Pの呼吸器官に対する発がん性は同量のB (a) Pに比べ著しく強いことが認められた。 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), which has recently been considered to be one of the important environmental mutagens among air pollutants, and benzo (a) pyrene (B (a) P), a well known environmental carcinogen, were intratracheally instilled into male Syrian golden hamsters once a week for 15 weeks. The total dosage was 30 mg. At the same time, a further control group received only phosphate buffer solution. During the total life span, tumor incidence rates in the 1-NP and B (a) P groups were 10% and 86%, respectively, but no tumor developed in the control group. The incidence rates of lung tumors in the 1-NP and B (a) P groups were significantly different, but not in the 1-NP and control groups. These results show that the carcinogenicity of B (a) P to the lung of Syrian golden hamsters should be considered more seriously than that of 1-NP. |
| Author | INAMASU, Takeo YAMAMOTO, Akiyo HISANAGA, Akira ISHINISHI, Noboru KITAMORI, Shigeji |
| Author_FL | 稲益 健夫 久永 明 山本 昭代 北森 成治 石西 伸 |
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| References | 10) Ohgaki, H.;Matsukura, N.; Morino, K.; Kawachi, T.; Sugimura, T.; Morita, K.; Tokiwa, H.; Hirota, T.: Carcinogenicity in rats of the mutagenic compounds 1-nitropyrene and 3-nitrofluoranthene, Cancer Lett., 15, 1-7 (1982). 19) Nakagawa, R.; Kitamori, S.; Horikawa, K.; Nakashima, K.; Tokiwa, H.: Identification of dinitropyrenes in diesel-exhaust particulates. Their probable presence as the major mutagen, Mutat. Res., 124, 201-211 (1983). 11) El-Bayoumy, K.; Hecht, S. S.; Hoffmann, D.: Comparative tumor initiating activity on mouse skin of 6-nitrobenzo (a) pyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, 3-nitroperylene, 1-nitropyrene and their parent hydrocarbons, Cancer Lett., 16, 333-337 (1982). 4) Schuetzle, D.: Sampling of vehicle emissions for chemical analysis and biological testing, Environ. Health Perspect., 47, 65-80 (1983). 24) Robinson, F. R.: Naturally occurring neoplastic disease. III, Hamster. In: Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, ed. C. M. Edward, and H. A. Norman, Vol.III, Cleveland, Ohio, CRC Press, pp.253-270 (1976). 9) Henderson, B. E.; Gordon, R. J.; Menck, H.; Soohoo, J.; Martin, S. P.; Pike, M. C.: Lung cancer and air pollution in southcentral Los Angeles county, Am. J. Epidemiol., 101, 477-488 (1975). 18) Peto, R.; Pike, M. C.; Armitage, P.; Breslow, N. E.; Cos, D. R.; Howard, S. V.; Mantel, N.; Mcpherson, K.; Peto, J.; Smith, P. G.: Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patients, Br. J. Cancer, 35, 1-39 (1977). 23) Takayama, S.; Ishikawa, T.; Nakajima, H.; Sato, S.: Lung carcinoma induction in Syrian golden hamsetrs by intratracheal instillation of 1-nitropyrene, Jpn. J. Cancer (Gann), 76, 457-461 (1985). 8) Menck, H. R.; Casagrande, J. T.; Hendersen, B. E.: Industrial air pollution: Possible effects on lung cancer, Science, 183, 210-212 (1974). 14) Tokiwa, H.; Otofuji, T.; Horikawa, K.; Kitamori, S.; Otsuka, H.; Manabe, Y.; Kinouchi, T.; Ohnishi, Y.: 1, 6-dinitropyrene: Mutagenicity in Salmonella and carcinogenicity in BALB/c mice, JNCI, 73, 1359-1363 (1984). 20) Tokiwa, H.; Kitamori, S.; Nakagawa, R.; Horikawa, K.; Matamala, L.: Detection of a powerful mutagenic dinitropyrene in airborne particulate matter, Mutat. Res., 121, 107-116 (1983). 16) IARC: IARC Monographs of the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol.3, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp.91-136 (1973). 15) Ohgaki, H.; Negishi, C.; Wakabayashi, K.; Kusama, K.; Sato, S.; Sugimura, T.: Induction of sarcomas in rats by subcutaneous injection of dinitropyrene, Carcinogenesis, 5, 583-585 (1984). 22) Ohgaki, H.; Hasegawa, H.; Kato, T.; Negishi, C.; Sato, S.; Sugimura, T.: Absence of carcinogenicity of 1-nitropyrene, correction of previous results, and new demonstration of carcinogenicity of 1, 6-dinitropyrene in rats, Cancer Lett., 25, 239-245 (1985). 7) Carnow, B. W.; Meiner, P.: Air pollution and pulmonary cancer, Arch. Environ. Health, 27, 207-218 (1973). 21) Tokiwa, H.; Nakagawa, R.; Horikawa, K.: Mutagenic/carcinogenic agents in indoor pollutants; the dinitropyrenes generated by kerosene heaters and fuel gas and liquefied petroleum gas burners, Mutat. Res., 157, 39-47 (1985). 3) Morita, K.; Fukamachi, K.; Tokiwa, H.: Studies on the aromatic nitro compounds in air. III, Detection of 1-nitropyrene in airborne particulate matter and automobile emission, Eisei Kagaku, 29, 199-205 (1983) (in Japanese). 13) Nesnow, S.; Triplett, L. L.; Slaga, T. J.: Tumor initiating activities of 1-nitropyrene and its nitrated products in sencar mice, Cancer Lett., 23, 1-8 (1984). 1) Löfroth, G.; Hefner, E.: Alfheim, I.; Mper, M.: Mutagenic activity in photocopies, Science, 209, 1037-1039 (1980). 12) Hirose, M.; Lee, M.-S.; Wang, C. Y.; King, C. M.: Induction of rats' mammary gland tumors by 1-nitropyrene, a recent recognized environmental mutagen, Cancer Res., 44, 1158-1162 (1984). 17) IARC: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol.17, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp.211-224-224 (1983). 6) Sugimura, T.; Takayama, S.: Biological actions of nitroarenes in short-term tests on Salmonella, cultured mammalian cells and cultured human tracheal tissues: possible basis for regulatory control, Environ. Health Perspect., 47, 171-176 (1983). 5) Rosenkranz, H. S.; Mermelstein, R.: Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of nitroarenes, all nitro-containing chemicals were not created equal, Mutat. Res., 114, 217-267 (1983). 2) Rosenkranz, H. S.; Sanders, D. R.; Bulter, M.; Kiriazides, D.; Mermelstein, R.: Nitropyrenes: Isolation, identification, and reduction of mutagenic impurities in carbon black and toners, Science, 209, 1039-1043 (1980). |
| References_xml | – reference: 9) Henderson, B. E.; Gordon, R. J.; Menck, H.; Soohoo, J.; Martin, S. P.; Pike, M. C.: Lung cancer and air pollution in southcentral Los Angeles county, Am. J. Epidemiol., 101, 477-488 (1975). – reference: 1) Löfroth, G.; Hefner, E.: Alfheim, I.; Mper, M.: Mutagenic activity in photocopies, Science, 209, 1037-1039 (1980). – reference: 11) El-Bayoumy, K.; Hecht, S. S.; Hoffmann, D.: Comparative tumor initiating activity on mouse skin of 6-nitrobenzo (a) pyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, 3-nitroperylene, 1-nitropyrene and their parent hydrocarbons, Cancer Lett., 16, 333-337 (1982). – reference: 19) Nakagawa, R.; Kitamori, S.; Horikawa, K.; Nakashima, K.; Tokiwa, H.: Identification of dinitropyrenes in diesel-exhaust particulates. Their probable presence as the major mutagen, Mutat. Res., 124, 201-211 (1983). – reference: 13) Nesnow, S.; Triplett, L. L.; Slaga, T. J.: Tumor initiating activities of 1-nitropyrene and its nitrated products in sencar mice, Cancer Lett., 23, 1-8 (1984). – reference: 24) Robinson, F. R.: Naturally occurring neoplastic disease. III, Hamster. In: Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, ed. C. M. Edward, and H. A. Norman, Vol.III, Cleveland, Ohio, CRC Press, pp.253-270 (1976). – reference: 8) Menck, H. R.; Casagrande, J. T.; Hendersen, B. E.: Industrial air pollution: Possible effects on lung cancer, Science, 183, 210-212 (1974). – reference: 17) IARC: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol.17, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp.211-224-224 (1983). – reference: 6) Sugimura, T.; Takayama, S.: Biological actions of nitroarenes in short-term tests on Salmonella, cultured mammalian cells and cultured human tracheal tissues: possible basis for regulatory control, Environ. Health Perspect., 47, 171-176 (1983). – reference: 20) Tokiwa, H.; Kitamori, S.; Nakagawa, R.; Horikawa, K.; Matamala, L.: Detection of a powerful mutagenic dinitropyrene in airborne particulate matter, Mutat. Res., 121, 107-116 (1983). – reference: 21) Tokiwa, H.; Nakagawa, R.; Horikawa, K.: Mutagenic/carcinogenic agents in indoor pollutants; the dinitropyrenes generated by kerosene heaters and fuel gas and liquefied petroleum gas burners, Mutat. Res., 157, 39-47 (1985). – reference: 4) Schuetzle, D.: Sampling of vehicle emissions for chemical analysis and biological testing, Environ. Health Perspect., 47, 65-80 (1983). – reference: 7) Carnow, B. W.; Meiner, P.: Air pollution and pulmonary cancer, Arch. Environ. Health, 27, 207-218 (1973). – reference: 2) Rosenkranz, H. S.; Sanders, D. R.; Bulter, M.; Kiriazides, D.; Mermelstein, R.: Nitropyrenes: Isolation, identification, and reduction of mutagenic impurities in carbon black and toners, Science, 209, 1039-1043 (1980). – reference: 12) Hirose, M.; Lee, M.-S.; Wang, C. Y.; King, C. M.: Induction of rats' mammary gland tumors by 1-nitropyrene, a recent recognized environmental mutagen, Cancer Res., 44, 1158-1162 (1984). – reference: 16) IARC: IARC Monographs of the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol.3, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp.91-136 (1973). – reference: 10) Ohgaki, H.;Matsukura, N.; Morino, K.; Kawachi, T.; Sugimura, T.; Morita, K.; Tokiwa, H.; Hirota, T.: Carcinogenicity in rats of the mutagenic compounds 1-nitropyrene and 3-nitrofluoranthene, Cancer Lett., 15, 1-7 (1982). – reference: 22) Ohgaki, H.; Hasegawa, H.; Kato, T.; Negishi, C.; Sato, S.; Sugimura, T.: Absence of carcinogenicity of 1-nitropyrene, correction of previous results, and new demonstration of carcinogenicity of 1, 6-dinitropyrene in rats, Cancer Lett., 25, 239-245 (1985). – reference: 3) Morita, K.; Fukamachi, K.; Tokiwa, H.: Studies on the aromatic nitro compounds in air. III, Detection of 1-nitropyrene in airborne particulate matter and automobile emission, Eisei Kagaku, 29, 199-205 (1983) (in Japanese). – reference: 23) Takayama, S.; Ishikawa, T.; Nakajima, H.; Sato, S.: Lung carcinoma induction in Syrian golden hamsetrs by intratracheal instillation of 1-nitropyrene, Jpn. J. Cancer (Gann), 76, 457-461 (1985). – reference: 5) Rosenkranz, H. S.; Mermelstein, R.: Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of nitroarenes, all nitro-containing chemicals were not created equal, Mutat. Res., 114, 217-267 (1983). – reference: 15) Ohgaki, H.; Negishi, C.; Wakabayashi, K.; Kusama, K.; Sato, S.; Sugimura, T.: Induction of sarcomas in rats by subcutaneous injection of dinitropyrene, Carcinogenesis, 5, 583-585 (1984). – reference: 18) Peto, R.; Pike, M. C.; Armitage, P.; Breslow, N. E.; Cos, D. R.; Howard, S. V.; Mantel, N.; Mcpherson, K.; Peto, J.; Smith, P. G.: Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patients, Br. J. Cancer, 35, 1-39 (1977). – reference: 14) Tokiwa, H.; Otofuji, T.; Horikawa, K.; Kitamori, S.; Otsuka, H.; Manabe, Y.; Kinouchi, T.; Ohnishi, Y.: 1, 6-dinitropyrene: Mutagenicity in Salmonella and carcinogenicity in BALB/c mice, JNCI, 73, 1359-1363 (1984). |
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| SubjectTerms | 1-nitropyrene air pollutant animal experiment benzo (a) pyrene carcinogenicity intratracheal instillation lung cancer |
| Title | Comparative Study on the Carcinogenicity of 1-Nitropyrene and Benzo (a) pyrene to the Lung of Syrian Golden Hamsters Induced by Intermittent Intratracheal Instlliations |
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