牛舎からのアンモニア揮散が近傍のヒノキ樹木への窒素沈着に及ぼす影響
牛舎などの畜舎から揮散した大気アンモニア (NH3) の乾性沈着は、流域への窒素負荷経路の一つとして重要である。農業や畜産業が盛んな茨城県では、畜舎近傍に林立する樹木へのアンモニウム態窒素 (NH4＋-N) の沈着量が、畜舎から揮散したNH3の乾性沈着の影響を受けて増大すると考えられるが、その推計はなされていない。本研究では、畜産由来のNH3の近傍樹木への乾性沈着量を評価するために、茨城大学の保有する牛舎内部とその周辺でパッシブ法を用いたNH3濃度の多地点観測と、バルクサンプラーを用いた湿性沈着量およびヒノキへの樹冠通過雨沈着量の通年観測を行った。牛舎内のNH3濃度の年平均値はウシの飼養頭数密...
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| Published in | 大気環境学会誌 Vol. 54; no. 2; pp. 43 - 54 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
公益社団法人 大気環境学会
10.03.2019
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1341-4178 2185-4335 |
| DOI | 10.11298/taiki.54.43 |
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| Abstract | 牛舎などの畜舎から揮散した大気アンモニア (NH3) の乾性沈着は、流域への窒素負荷経路の一つとして重要である。農業や畜産業が盛んな茨城県では、畜舎近傍に林立する樹木へのアンモニウム態窒素 (NH4＋-N) の沈着量が、畜舎から揮散したNH3の乾性沈着の影響を受けて増大すると考えられるが、その推計はなされていない。本研究では、畜産由来のNH3の近傍樹木への乾性沈着量を評価するために、茨城大学の保有する牛舎内部とその周辺でパッシブ法を用いたNH3濃度の多地点観測と、バルクサンプラーを用いた湿性沈着量およびヒノキへの樹冠通過雨沈着量の通年観測を行った。牛舎内のNH3濃度の年平均値はウシの飼養頭数密度から推定される値よりも小さく、その原因を明らかにするためには畜舎内の環境と管理状況のモニタリングが必要であると考えられた。牛舎から揮散したNH3濃度の空間分布は、風による輸送に加えて樹木や建物群による減衰の影響や、気温、大気湿度などに影響を受ける可能性が示唆された。年間のNH4＋-Nの樹冠通過雨沈着量の観測値(27.5 kgN/ha/yr)は、国内の遠隔地の森林での観測値を大きく上回り、牛舎から揮散したNH3の乾性沈着の影響が示唆された。NH3濃度とNH4＋-Nの湿性・樹冠通過雨沈着量の観測結果から推計したNH3の沈着速度は3.4±2.5 cm/sとなり、茨城県の草地での推計値よりも大きく、既往の針葉樹林での文献値の最大値に近かった。 |
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| AbstractList | 牛舎などの畜舎から揮散した大気アンモニア (NH3) の乾性沈着は、流域への窒素負荷経路の一つとして重要である。農業や畜産業が盛んな茨城県では、畜舎近傍に林立する樹木へのアンモニウム態窒素 (NH4＋-N) の沈着量が、畜舎から揮散したNH3の乾性沈着の影響を受けて増大すると考えられるが、その推計はなされていない。本研究では、畜産由来のNH3の近傍樹木への乾性沈着量を評価するために、茨城大学の保有する牛舎内部とその周辺でパッシブ法を用いたNH3濃度の多地点観測と、バルクサンプラーを用いた湿性沈着量およびヒノキへの樹冠通過雨沈着量の通年観測を行った。牛舎内のNH3濃度の年平均値はウシの飼養頭数密度から推定される値よりも小さく、その原因を明らかにするためには畜舎内の環境と管理状況のモニタリングが必要であると考えられた。牛舎から揮散したNH3濃度の空間分布は、風による輸送に加えて樹木や建物群による減衰の影響や、気温、大気湿度などに影響を受ける可能性が示唆された。年間のNH4＋-Nの樹冠通過雨沈着量の観測値(27.5 kgN/ha/yr)は、国内の遠隔地の森林での観測値を大きく上回り、牛舎から揮散したNH3の乾性沈着の影響が示唆された。NH3濃度とNH4＋-Nの湿性・樹冠通過雨沈着量の観測結果から推計したNH3の沈着速度は3.4±2.5 cm/sとなり、茨城県の草地での推計値よりも大きく、既往の針葉樹林での文献値の最大値に近かった。 |
| Author | 黒田, 久雄 久保田, 智大 福島, 慶太郎 堅田, 元喜 |
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| Copyright | 2019 大気環境学会 |
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| References_xml | – reference: 尾保手朋子：乾性沈着による大気―森林系の物質輸送，地球環境，9, 113–121 (2004). – reference: Monteny, G. J., and Erisman, J. W.: Ammonia emission from dairy cow buildings: A review of measurement techniques, influencing factors and possibilities for reduction, Neth. J. Agric. Sci., 46, 225–247 (1998). – reference: Shen, J., Chen, D., Bai, M., Sun, J., Coates, T., Lam, S. K., Li, Y: Ammonia deposition in the neighbourhood of an intensive cattle feedlot in Victoria, Australia, Sci. Rep., 6, 32793 (2016) – reference: 堀江洋佑，岩崎 綾，友寄喜貴，藤田大介，河野明大，西山 亨，久恒邦裕，木戸瑞佳，濱村研吾，山添良太，松本利恵，多田敬子，山口高志，横山新紀，家合浩明，甲斐 勇，濱野 晃，吉田芙美香：第5次酸性雨全国調査報告書 （平成27年度），全国環境研会誌，42, 83–126 (2017). – reference: Ohrui, K., Mitchell, M. J.: Nitrogen saturation in Japanese forested watersheds, Ecol. Appl., 7, 391–401 (1997). – reference: Andersen, H., Hovmand, M., Hummelshøj, P., Jensen, N.: Measurements of ammonia concentrations, fluxes and dry deposition velocities to a spruce forest 1991–1995, Atmos. Environ., 33, 1367–1383 (1999). – reference: Aikawa, M., Hiraki, T., Tamaki, M., Shoga, M.: Difference between filtering-type bulk and wet-only data sets based on site classification, Atmos. Environ., 37, 2597–2603 (2003). – reference: Moumen, N., Yi, S., Raymond, H. A., Han, J., Holsen, T. M.: Quantifying the dry deposition of ammonia in ammonia-rich and ammonia-poor environments using a surrogate surface approach, Atmos. Environ., 38, 2677–2686 (2004). – reference: Chiwa, M., Ide, J., Maruno, R., Higashi, N., Otsuki, K.: Effects of storm flow samplings on the evaluation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfate budgets in a small forested watershed, Hydrol. Proc., 24, 631–640 (2010). – reference: Kitamura, Y., Sakuma, T., Koizumi, S., Kido, K., Kagaya, H.: Air pollution concentration measured by passive sampler in Miyagi prefecture, Annual Report of Miyagi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 25, 84–87 (2007) [in Japanese]. – reference: Takahashi, A., Sato, K., Wakamatsu, T., Fujita, S., Yoshikawa, K.: Estimation of dry deposition of sulfur to a forest using an inferential method—Influence of canopy wetness on SO2 dry deposition—, J. Jpn. Soc. Atmos. Environ., 37, 192–205 (2002) [in Japanese]. – reference: Draaijers, J., Van, R., Bleuten, W.: Atmospheric deposition in complex forest landscapes, Bound.-Layer Meteorol., 69, 343–366 (1994). – reference: Galloway, J. N., Dentener, F. J., Capone, D. G., Boyer, E. W., Howarth, R. W., Seitzinger, S. P., Asner, G. P., Clevelandm, C. C., Green, P. A., Holland, E. A., Karl, D. M., Michaels, A. F., Porter, J. H., Townsend, A. R., Vörösmarty, C. J.: Nitrogen cycles: Past, present, and future, Biogeochemistry, 70, 135–226 (2004). – reference: Bealey, W., Loubet, B., Braban, C., Famulari, D., Theobald, M., Reis, S., Reay, D, Suton, M.: Modelling agro-forestry scenarios for ammonia abatement in the landscape, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 125001 (2014). – reference: McGinn, S. M., Janzen, H. H., Coates, T.: Atmospheric pollutants and trace gases atmospheric ammonia, volatile fatty acids, and other odorants near beef feedlots, J. Environ. Qual., 32, 1173–1182 (2003). – reference: Takamatsu, T., Watanabe, M., Koshikawa, M. K., Murata, T., Yamamura, S., and Hayashi, S.: Pollution of montane soil with Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Pb, and nitrate in Kanto, Japan, Sci. 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| Snippet | 牛舎などの畜舎から揮散した大気アンモニア (NH3) の乾性沈着は、流域への窒素負荷経路の一つとして重要である。農業や畜産業が盛んな茨城県では、畜舎近傍に林立する樹... |
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| SubjectTerms | atmospheric ammonia cattle feedlot coniferous forest deposition velocity dry deposition passive and throughfall methods |
| Title | 牛舎からのアンモニア揮散が近傍のヒノキ樹木への窒素沈着に及ぼす影響 |
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