アンデス山地,ガラパゴス諸島に自生する野生種トマト-その栽培化に至る過程と,野生種トマトの持つ有用性

野生種トマトは,南米・アンデス山地の太平洋沿岸やガラパゴス諸島に分布し,自生地の多くは乾燥地や半乾燥地で独自の多様な生態系を作り上げている.これらは,人々がトマトを利用していく上で大変重要な形質を多く含み,品種改良をする上で貴重な遺伝資源となっているが,その形質や生理学的な特徴はほとんど知られていない.その一方で,地球規模の環境変化,人為的な開発により種自体が絶滅,あるいは自生地そのものの消失が危惧されている.また,利用にあたっては,国際法が適用され自生地からの導入や利用が規制されている.本稿では,野生種トマトについて種の特性を詳述するとともに,遺伝資源としての保全,利用上のルールなどについて...

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Published in沙漠研究 Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 29 - 43
Main Authors 田淵, 俊人, 小林, 孝至
Format Journal Article
LanguageJapanese
Published 日本沙漠学会 30.06.2019
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ISSN0917-6985
2189-1761
DOI10.14976/jals.29.1_29

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Abstract 野生種トマトは,南米・アンデス山地の太平洋沿岸やガラパゴス諸島に分布し,自生地の多くは乾燥地や半乾燥地で独自の多様な生態系を作り上げている.これらは,人々がトマトを利用していく上で大変重要な形質を多く含み,品種改良をする上で貴重な遺伝資源となっているが,その形質や生理学的な特徴はほとんど知られていない.その一方で,地球規模の環境変化,人為的な開発により種自体が絶滅,あるいは自生地そのものの消失が危惧されている.また,利用にあたっては,国際法が適用され自生地からの導入や利用が規制されている.本稿では,野生種トマトについて種の特性を詳述するとともに,遺伝資源としての保全,利用上のルールなどについて概説する.
AbstractList 野生種トマトは,南米・アンデス山地の太平洋沿岸やガラパゴス諸島に分布し,自生地の多くは乾燥地や半乾燥地で独自の多様な生態系を作り上げている.これらは,人々がトマトを利用していく上で大変重要な形質を多く含み,品種改良をする上で貴重な遺伝資源となっているが,その形質や生理学的な特徴はほとんど知られていない.その一方で,地球規模の環境変化,人為的な開発により種自体が絶滅,あるいは自生地そのものの消失が危惧されている.また,利用にあたっては,国際法が適用され自生地からの導入や利用が規制されている.本稿では,野生種トマトについて種の特性を詳述するとともに,遺伝資源としての保全,利用上のルールなどについて概説する.
Author 小林, 孝至
田淵, 俊人
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References_xml – reference: Ohashi-Kaneko K., Imai W., Tabuchi T., Kobayashi T., Watanabe H. (2017): Yeild and fruit quality of several wild and domestic tomato cultivars grown in an environmentally controlled agricultural facility (plant factory). Acta Hort., 1170: 989-994.
– reference: 田淵俊人(2009):環境にやさしい園芸生産.金浜耕基編『園芸学』文永堂出版,東京.251-257.
– reference: 田淵俊人(2013):トマトの履歴書―第4回―トマトの故郷は南米・アンデス山地とガラパゴス諸島.『農耕と園芸』68(4):53-57.
– reference: 小林孝至・田淵俊人(2014):ガラパゴス諸島に自生している野生種トマトの果実内における色素分布について.『園芸学研究』13(別1):309.
– reference: Kobayashi T., Tabuchi T. (2013): Distribution of carotenoid and anthocyanin in the fruits tissues of cultivated tomato and some of wild tomato relatives. In International Symposium on Diversifying Biological Resources. eds., Abstract., 30-31.
– reference: 田淵俊人・伊藤信二・和田繁夫・西山正樹・鳥羽啓子(2004):トマト属の近縁野生種,Lycopersicon (Solanum) pennelliiの外部形態に関する特性評価.『玉川大学農学部研究報告』43, 44: 51-72.
– reference: Tabuchi T., Kakuda J., Watanabe N., Terashima A., Fukazawa K. (2007): Histochemical localization of the ATPase activity in the root zone of Galapagos wild tomato species, Lycopersicon cheesmanii and L. cheesmanii f. minor. Acta Hort., 760: 287-291.
– reference: 田淵俊人(2017):『まるごとわかるトマト』誠文堂新光社,東京.121-142,144-175.
– reference: Muller C. H. (1940a): A revision of the genus Lycopersicon. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub., No. 382.
– reference: Amlot P. L., Kemeny D. M., Zachary C., Parkes P., Lessof M. H. (1987): Oral allergy syndrome (OAS): symptoms of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food. Clin Allergy., 17(1): 33-42.
– reference: 田淵俊人・寺島麻生・角田純・渡邊尚貴・波多腰拓郎・丸山雅嗣(2007a):アンデス山中に自生するトマトの近縁野生種における根のATPase活性の局在性.『園芸学研究』6(別1):384.
– reference: 梅村芳樹(1984):『ジャガイモ―その人とのかかわり―』古今書院,東京.45-47,77-79.
– reference: Worldwide congress on the processing tomato (1998): In International Society for Horticultural Science eds., Abstract., 192-193.
– reference: Tereshonkova T. A., Ignatova S. I., Gorshkova N. S. (1999): Tomato breeding for resistance to powdery mildew (Oidium lycopersicum Che et Mass). Acta Hort., 487: 317-322.
– reference: Lemke C. A., Mutshler M. A. (1984): Inheritance of glandular trichomes in crosses between Lycopercison esculentum and L. pennellii. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 109: 592-596.
– reference: Philouze J., Maisonneuve B. (1978): Breeding tomatoes for their ability to set fruit at low temperatures. In Genotype and environment in greenhouse tomato breeding. Proc. Eucarpia Tomato Working Group., 54-62.
– reference: Tabuchi T. (1994): The abscission zone cells formation of flower pedicels on Galapagos tomato strains. In XXIV th International Horticultural Congress. eds., Abstracts. 155.
– reference: Taylor I. B. (1986): Biosystematics of the tomato. In Atherton J. G., Rudich J. eds., The tomato crop. A scientific basis for improvement. Chapman and Hall, London. 22-30.
– reference: 土方雄暉・小林孝至・田淵俊人(2016):栽培種トマトの直接の祖先種とされる野生種トマトLycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiformeにおける果実形態特性の自生地間差.『園芸学研究』15(1):328.
– reference: 伊藤信二・田淵俊人・落合恵理(2000):近縁野生種トマトLycopersicon cheesmaniiにおける果実特性.『園芸学会雑誌』69(2):175.
– reference: Rick C. M. (1979): Biosystematic studies in Lycopersicon and closely related species of Solanum. In Hawkins J. G., Laeter R. N., Skeiding A. D. eds., The biology and taxonomy of the Solanaceae. Academic Press, London. 667-678.
– reference: Lincoln R. E., Cummins J. B. (1949): Septoria blight resistance in the tomato. Phytopathology., 39: 647-655.
– reference: Tabuchi T., Arai N. (1998): Abscission zone formation and development on Galapagos tomato flowers. Bull. Fac. Agriculture, Tamagawa University., 38: 61-70.
– reference: Tabuchi T., Ito S., Arai N. (2000): Development of the abscissine zones in j-2in pedicels of Galapagos wild tomatoes. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci., 69(4): 443-445.
– reference: Gentle A. G., Webb R. E., Stoner A. K. (1969): Lycopericison and Solanum spp. resistant to the carmine and two-spotted spider mites. J. Econ. Entmol., 643-836.
– reference: Chetelat R. T., Stamova L. (1999): Tolerance to Botrytis cinerea. Acta Hort., 487: 301-306.
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Snippet 野生種トマトは,南米・アンデス山地の太平洋沿岸やガラパゴス諸島に分布し,自生地の多くは乾燥地や半乾燥地で独自の多様な生態系を作り上げている.これらは,...
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SubjectTerms アンデス山地
ガラパゴス諸島
機能性
遺伝資源
野生種トマト
Title アンデス山地,ガラパゴス諸島に自生する野生種トマト-その栽培化に至る過程と,野生種トマトの持つ有用性
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