The Influence of Air Pollution Around Main Arterial Roads on the Respiratory Symptoms of Schoolchildren
In order to evaluate the effects of air pollution around main arterial roads with heavy traffic on the respiratory symptoms of schoolchildren, a cohort study was performed in primary schools in Chiba Prefecture. The schoolchildren were observed from 1992 through 1994. The prevalence and incidence of...
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| Published in | Journal of Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment / Taiki Kankyo Gakkaishi Vol. 31; no. 4; pp. 166 - 174 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English Japanese |
| Published |
Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment
1996
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1341-4178 2185-4335 |
| DOI | 10.11298/taiki1995.31.4_166 |
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| Abstract | In order to evaluate the effects of air pollution around main arterial roads with heavy traffic on the respiratory symptoms of schoolchildren, a cohort study was performed in primary schools in Chiba Prefecture. The schoolchildren were observed from 1992 through 1994. The prevalence and incidence of asthma were compared for three goups: subjects residing within 50 meters of the main arterial roads in urban areas; subjects residing over 50 meters from the roads in urban areas and subjects residing in rural areas. For all three years, the prevalence of asthma was highest in girls residing within 50 m from the roadsides, and the girls in rural areas had the least prevalence. In boys, this trend was found only in the second year. The incidence of asthma in the two-years period was 5.7% in boys residing within 50 m from the roadsides, 3.9% in boys residing over 50 m from the roads, and 1.6% in boys residing in the rural areas. The incidence of asthma in girls were 3.3%, 2.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. The multiple logistic regression analysis was perfomed to determine the adjusted odds ratios. In boys, the adjusted odds ratios for the incidence of asthma, relative to subjects in rural areas, were 3.70 in subjects residing within 50 m from the roadsides and 1.92 in subjects residing over 50 m from the roads. In girls, the odds ratios were 5.97 and 2.44, respectively. These findings suggest that air pollution around main arterial roads increases the incidence of asthma in schoolchildren. |
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| AbstractList | In order to evaluate the effects of air pollution around main arterial roads with heavy traffic on the respiratory symptoms of schoolchildren, a cohort study was performed in primary schools in Chiba Prefecture. The schoolchildren were observed from 1992 through 1994. The prevalence and incidence of asthma were compared for three goups: subjects residing within 50 meters of the main arterial roads in urban areas; subjects residing over 50 meters from the roads in urban areas and subjects residing in rural areas. For all three years, the prevalence of asthma was highest in girls residing within 50 m from the roadsides, and the girls in rural areas had the least prevalence. In boys, this trend was found only in the second year. The incidence of asthma in the two-years period was 5.7% in boys residing within 50 m from the roadsides, 3.9% in boys residing over 50 m from the roads, and 1.6% in boys residing in the rural areas. The incidence of asthma in girls were 3.3%, 2.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. The multiple logistic regression analysis was perfomed to determine the adjusted odds ratios. In boys, the adjusted odds ratios for the incidence of asthma, relative to subjects in rural areas, were 3.70 in subjects residing within 50 m from the roadsides and 1.92 in subjects residing over 50 m from the roads. In girls, the odds ratios were 5.97 and 2.44, respectively. These findings suggest that air pollution around main arterial roads increases the incidence of asthma in schoolchildren. |
| Author | TANAKA, Yoshiaki IWASAKI, Akiko SHIMA, Masayuki ADACHI, Motoaki NITTA, Yoshio |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: IWASAKI, Akiko organization: Department of Public Health, Chiba University School of Medicine – sequence: 1 fullname: NITTA, Yoshio organization: Department of Public Health, Chiba University School of Medicine – sequence: 1 fullname: TANAKA, Yoshiaki organization: Department of Public Health, Chiba University School of Medicine – sequence: 1 fullname: ADACHI, Motoaki organization: Department of Public Health, Chiba University School of Medicine – sequence: 1 fullname: SHIMA, Masayuki organization: Department of Public Health, Chiba University School of Medicine |
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| DOI | 10.11298/taiki1995.31.4_166 |
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| References_xml | – reference: 38) Gordis, L.: Epidemiology of chronic lung diseases in children, The Johns Hopkins University Press (Baltimore and London), pp.33-35 (1973). – reference: 9) Burr, M. L.: Is asthma increasing?, J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 41, 185-189 (1987). – reference: 6) 柳川洋, 永井正規, 中村好一, 坂田清美, 上木隆人, 塚原太郎, 三上理一郎, 秋山一男, 川口毅: わが国における喘息患者受療の動向, 日本医事新報, No.3453, 24-26 (1990). – reference: 32) 環境庁大気保全局: 大気汚染健康影響調査報告書の概要 (昭和55-59年度), エネルギーと公害, No.899, 1-5 (1986). – reference: 33) 東京都衛生局: 大気汚染保健対策に係る健康影響調査総合解析報告書, pp.43-50 (1991). – reference: 1) 吉田亮: 小児喘息の最近の動向 (疫学面から), 公衆衛生, 43, 300-304 (1979). – reference: 34) 久保美智子, 安達元明, 仁田善雄, 小林雅子, 岩崎明子, 吉田亮: 学童の呼吸器症状に影響を及ぼす因子についての考察-多重ロジスティック回帰による解析-, 日本公衛誌34, 377-387 (1987). – reference: 31) Samet, J. M.: A historical and epidemiologic perspectlve on resplratory symptoms questlonnaires, Am. J. Epidemiol., 108, 435-446 (1978). – reference: 17) 丹後俊郎: 新版医学への統計学, 朝倉書店, pp.251-258 (1993). – reference: 18) 環境庁: 環境白書, 総説平成7年版, pp.324-336 (1995). – reference: 20) 新藤純子, 松本幸雄: 二酸化窒素日平均濃度の交差点周辺における変動構造の解析. 世田谷区上馬交差点における調査, 大気汚染学会誌, 26, 417-426 (1991). – reference: 39) Sigurs, N.; Hattevig, G.; Kjellman, B.; Kjellman, N-1. M.; Nilsson, L.; BOrksten, B.: Appearance of atopic disease in relation to serum IgE antibodies in children followed up from birth for 4 to 15 years, J. Allergy Glin. immunol., 94, 757-763 (1994). – reference: 22) 松本幸雄, 新藤純子, 田村憲治, 安藤満, 伊藤政志: 幹線道路を含む領域における二酸化窒素濃度の変動構造, 大気汚染学会誌, 29, 41-54 (1994). – reference: 12) Robertson, C. F.; Heycock, E.; Bishop, J.; Nolan, T.; Olinsky, A.; Phelan, P. D.: Prevalence of asthma in Melbourne schoolchidren, Brit. Med. I., 302, 1116-1118 (1991). – reference: 10) Yunginger, J. W.; Reed, C. E.; O'connell, E. J.; Melton, L. J., III; O'fallon, W. M.; Silverstein, M. D.: A community-based study of the epidemiology of asthma, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 146, 888-894 (1992). – reference: 26) 島正之, 仁田善雄, 安達元明: 主要幹線道路沿道部に位置する家庭の室内二酸化窒素濃度とそれに影響を及ぼす要因についての検討, 大気汚染学会誌29, 123-132 (1994). – reference: 16) Fleiss, J. L: 計数データの統計学 (佐久間昭訳), 東京大学出版会, pp.103-107 (1975). – reference: 41) Woolcock, A. J.; Leeder, S. R.; Peat, J. K.; Blackburn, C. R. B: The influence of lower respiratory illness in infancy and children and subsequent cigarette smoking on lung functio in Sydney schoolchildren, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 120, 5-14 (1979). – reference: 24) 中村貢, 米山悦夫: 道路周辺における窒素酸化物濃度と気象の関係, 空気清浄, 19, 16-30 (1981). – reference: 27) Kasuga, H.; Hasebe, A.; Osaka, H.; Matsuki, H.: Respiratory symptoms in school children and the role of passive smoking, Tokai J. Exp. Clin. Med., 4, 101-114 (1979). – reference: 4) 常俊義三, 福富和夫, 吉田克己, 土居眞: 学童の呼吸器症状と大気汚染 (環境庁大気保全局調査資料についての検討), 大気汚染学会誌, 22, 431-459 (1987). – reference: 8) Gergen, P. J.; Weiss, K. B.: The increasing problem of asthma in the United States, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 146, 823-824 (1992). – reference: 37) 飯倉洋治, 早川 浩編著: 小児の気管支喘息 (改訂2版), 医歯薬出版株式会社, pp.4-5 (1990). – reference: 40) 環境庁大気保全局: 大気汚染健康影響継続観察調査報告書 (昭和61-平成2年度), pp.20-29 (1991). – reference: 3) 滝沢敬夫, 青柴和徹: わが国における呼吸器病の最近の動向, からだの科学, No.169, 34-39 (1993). – reference: 25) 小野雅司, 村上正孝, 新田裕史, 中井里史, 前田和甫: 幹線道路沿道における大気汚染と住民の健康影響に関する疫学的研究, 日本公衛誌, 37, 321-331 (1990). – reference: 15) 千葉県土木部: 平成2年度道路交通センサス, 一般交通量調査基本集計表 (1990). – reference: 21) 由良晶子, 清水忠彦: 大気汚染地区における児童の鼻症状と居住環境との関係, 学校保健研究, 29, 184-191 (1987). – reference: 42) Ware, J. H.; Dockery, D. W.; Louis, T. A.; Xu, X.; Ferris, B. G. Jr.; Speizer, F. E.: Longitudinal and cross-sectional estimates of pulmonary function decline in never-smoking adults, Am. J. Epidemiol., 132, 685-700 (1990). – reference: 11) Strachan, D. P.; Anderson, H. R.: Trends in hospital admission rates for asthma in chidren, Brit. Med. J., 304, 819-820 (1992). – reference: 28) Ferris, B. G.: Epidemiology standardization project, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis., 118, Part 2 (1978). – reference: 36) Hasselblad, V.; Humble, C. G.; Graham, M. G.; Anderson. H. S.: Indoor environmental determinants of lung function in children. Am. Rev. Respir. 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| Title | The Influence of Air Pollution Around Main Arterial Roads on the Respiratory Symptoms of Schoolchildren |
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