A Case Study on the Input-Output Balance of Sulfur in a Catchment Area in Japan
The input-output balance of sulfur was studied in a catchment area in Japan. Precipitation (collected using a wet-only sampler), cloud water, and sulfur dioxide (SO2(g)) and particulate sulfate (SO42-(p)) in ambient air were considered agents providing input to the catchment area, while stream water...
Saved in:
| Published in | Journal of Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment / Taiki Kankyo Gakkaishi Vol. 43; no. 1; pp. 23 - 30 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment
2008
公益社団法人 大気環境学会 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1341-4178 2185-4335 |
| DOI | 10.11298/taiki1995.43.23 |
Cover
| Abstract | The input-output balance of sulfur was studied in a catchment area in Japan. Precipitation (collected using a wet-only sampler), cloud water, and sulfur dioxide (SO2(g)) and particulate sulfate (SO42-(p)) in ambient air were considered agents providing input to the catchment area, while stream water was considered an agent carrying output from the catchment area. The input amounts of sulfur by precipitation, cloud water, and SO2(g) and SO42-(p) in ambient air were approximately 1900, 5100, and 270 and 80 kgS during the survey period, respectively, equivalent to 6.2, 23.2, and 1.5 and 0.45kgS/ha/year, respectively. However, the output amount of sulfur by the stream water was approximately 5900 kgS for the period from April 21st 1999 to April 22nd 2000, equivalent to 13.7 kgS/ha/year. The input was approximately 2 times greater than the output, showing that the excessive load and the accumulation of the sulfur are advanced around the catchment area. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The input-output balance of sulfur was studied in a catchment area in Japan. Precipitation (collected using a wet-only sampler), cloud water, and sulfur dioxide (SO2(g)) and particulate sulfate (SO42-(p)) in ambient air were considered agents providing input to the catchment area, while stream water was considered an agent carrying output from the catchment area. The input amounts of sulfur by precipitation, cloud water, and SO2(g) and SO42-(p) in ambient air were approximately 1900, 5100, and 270 and 80 kgS during the survey period, respectively, equivalent to 6.2, 23.2, and 1.5 and 0.45kgS/ha/year, respectively. However, the output amount of sulfur by the stream water was approximately 5900 kgS for the period from April 21st 1999 to April 22nd 2000, equivalent to 13.7 kgS/ha/year. The input was approximately 2 times greater than the output, showing that the excessive load and the accumulation of the sulfur are advanced around the catchment area.
降水, 霧水及び大気中ガス・エアロゾルによる集水域への硫黄の負荷と河川水による硫黄の流出について, その収支バランスを解析・考察した。調査は兵庫県粟鹿山 (丹波市青垣町) で行った。粟鹿山の集水域 (流域面積4.28km2) への降水, 霧水及び大気中ガス (SO2)・エアロゾル (SO42-) による硫黄の負荷量は調査実施期間中それぞれ約1900kgS, 5100kgS, 270kgS, 80kgSであった。これは, 6.2kgS/ha/year, 23.2kgS/ha/year, 1.5kgS/ha/year, 0.45kgS/ha/yearに相当するものであった。一方, 1999年4月21日から2000年4月22日までの一年間の河川水による硫黄の流出量は約5900kgSであり13.7kgS/ha/yearに相当する量であった。粟鹿山集水域における硫黄の収支としては, 負荷量が流出量の約2倍であり, このことから, 粟鹿山集水域においては硫黄成分の過度の負荷・蓄積が進んでいることが明らかとなった。 The input-output balance of sulfur was studied in a catchment area in Japan. Precipitation (collected using a wet-only sampler), cloud water, and sulfur dioxide (SO2(g)) and particulate sulfate (SO42-(p)) in ambient air were considered agents providing input to the catchment area, while stream water was considered an agent carrying output from the catchment area. The input amounts of sulfur by precipitation, cloud water, and SO2(g) and SO42-(p) in ambient air were approximately 1900, 5100, and 270 and 80 kgS during the survey period, respectively, equivalent to 6.2, 23.2, and 1.5 and 0.45kgS/ha/year, respectively. However, the output amount of sulfur by the stream water was approximately 5900 kgS for the period from April 21st 1999 to April 22nd 2000, equivalent to 13.7 kgS/ha/year. The input was approximately 2 times greater than the output, showing that the excessive load and the accumulation of the sulfur are advanced around the catchment area. |
| Author | Hiraki, Takatoshi Umemoto, Satoshi Tokuchi, Naoko Aikawa, Masahide Komai, Yukio |
| Author_FL | 駒井 幸雄 梅本 諭 藍川 昌秀 徳地 直子 平木 隆年 |
| Author_FL_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: 藍川 昌秀 – sequence: 2 fullname: 平木 隆年 – sequence: 3 fullname: 駒井 幸雄 – sequence: 4 fullname: 梅本 諭 – sequence: 5 fullname: 徳地 直子 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Aikawa, Masahide organization: Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences – sequence: 1 fullname: Umemoto, Satoshi organization: Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences – sequence: 1 fullname: Komai, Yukio organization: Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences – sequence: 1 fullname: Hiraki, Takatoshi organization: Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences – sequence: 1 fullname: Tokuchi, Naoko organization: Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University |
| BackLink | https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679594489600$$DView record in CiNii |
| BookMark | eNo9kM1vwjAMxaOJSWOM-4457FrWxEmbHBn7YkLiwHau3NQdYSWgNj3sv18REz78nuRnP8m-ZaNwCMTYvUhnQkhrHiP6Hy-s1TMFMwlXbCyF0YkC0CM2FqBEokRubti063bpUGBsDnbM1nO-wI74JvbVLz8EHrfEl-HYx2Tdx0H4EzYYHPFDzTd9U_ct94HjsBXddk8h8nlLeOp94BHDHbuuselo-q8T9vX68rl4T1brt-Vivkp2Qug0QUdlaSWhk5XBPDdZDqICaQYqV9ep0SiUJSohT3VqiCijsnK1KLXCEmHCHs65wfvC-RMF2FQameVWW6WMzYYrJ-z5PLbrIn5TcWz9HtvfAtvoXUPF5W-FgkKcIeFiuy22BQX4A-HwabA |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment |
| DBID | RYH |
| DOI | 10.11298/taiki1995.43.23 |
| DatabaseName | CiNii Complete |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| DocumentTitleAlternate | 集水域における硫黄の流入流出の収支バランス |
| DocumentTitle_FL | 集水域における硫黄の流入流出の収支バランス |
| EISSN | 2185-4335 |
| EndPage | 30 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 130004125916 article_taiki1995_43_1_43_1_23_article_char_en |
| GroupedDBID | ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS JSF KQ8 RJT RYH |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-j1150-acebb92eac2d8a7786731d32831d4cff085a149eeb370508eee6ebdcf1b54aba3 |
| ISSN | 1341-4178 |
| IngestDate | Fri Jun 27 00:46:41 EDT 2025 Wed Sep 03 06:32:27 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-j1150-acebb92eac2d8a7786731d32831d4cff085a149eeb370508eee6ebdcf1b54aba3 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5508-5951 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/taiki1995/43/1/43_1_23/_article/-char/en |
| PageCount | 8 |
| ParticipantIDs | nii_cinii_1390282679594489600 jstage_primary_article_taiki1995_43_1_43_1_23_article_char_en |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2008 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2008-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – year: 2008 text: 2008 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment / Taiki Kankyo Gakkaishi |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | J.Jpn.Soc.Atmos.Environ. |
| PublicationTitle_FL | Atmospheric Environment JJSAE 大気環境学会誌 Journal of Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment / Taiki Kankyo Gakkaishi 大気環境 Taiki Kankyo J.Jpn.Soc.Atmos.Environ |
| PublicationYear | 2008 |
| Publisher | Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment 公益社団法人 大気環境学会 |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment – name: 公益社団法人 大気環境学会 |
| References | Rodrigo A, Avila A, RodaF (2003) The chemistry of precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in two holm oak (Querus ilex L.) forests under a contrasted pollution environment in NE Spain. The Science of the Total Environment 305: 195-205 Castro MS, Morgan II RP (2000) Input-output budgets of major ions for a forested watershed in western Maryland. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 119: 121-137 Ukonmaanaho L, Starr M (2002) Major nutrients and acidity: budgets and trends at four remote boreal stands in Finland during the 1990s. The Sciences of the Total Environment 297: 21-41 Tsukamoto Y eds. “Forest hydrology”, Buneido Publishing, Tokyo, 1992, 97pp (in Japanese) Matsumoto M, Okita T (1998) Long term measurements of atmospheric gaseous and aerosol species using an annular denuder system in Nara, Japan. Atmospheric Environment 32: 1419-1425 Hyogo Prefecture (2004) White Paper on the Environment, Hyogo Igawa M, Tsutsumi Y, Mori T, Okochi H (1998) Fogwater chemistry at a mountainside of the air pollutant deposition via fog droplets based on the atmospheric quality at the mountain base. Environmental Science and Technology 32: 1566-1572 Shubzda J, Lindberg SE, Garten CT, Nodvin SC (1995) Elevational trends in the fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen in throughfall in the southern Appalachian mountains: some surprising results. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 85: 2265-2270 Fujita S, Sakurai T, Matsuda K (2003) Wet and dry deposition of sulfur associated with the eruption of Miyakejima volcano, Japan. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (D15): 2002JD003064 Kobayashi T, Nakagawa Y (2001) Spatial distribution of cloud water deposition and acid deposition to the canopy of Cryptomeria japonica at the ridge of Mt. Rokko. Report of the Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Science 33: 73-78 (in Japanese) Saxena VK, Lin N-H (1990) Cloud chemistry measurements and estimates of acidic deposition on an above cloudbase coniferous forest. Atmospheric Environment 24: 329-352 Kobayashi T, Nakagawa Y, Tamaki M, Hiraki T, Aikawa M, Shoga M (1999) Estimation of acid deposition to forest canopies via cloud water by means of throughfall measurements and cloud water collection-Measurements in Cryptomeria japonica stands at Mt. Rokko in Kobe, western Japan-. Environmental Science 12 (4): 399-411 (in Japanese with English abstract) Sickles JE II, Hodson LL, Vorburger LM (1999) Evaluation of the filter pack for long-duration sampling of ambient air. Atmospheric Environment 33: 2187-2202 Kominami T, Matsuda K, Ohizumi T, Hara H (2005) Estimation of annual deposition of sulfur oxides during the year 2001 at EANET monitoring sites. Journal of Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment 40 (3): 104-111 (in Japanese with English abstract) Karakas D, Tuncel SG (1997) Optimization and field application of a filter pack system for the simultaneous sampling of atmospheric HNO3, NH3 and SO2. Atmospheric Environment 31: 1657-1666 Quilchano C, Haneklaus S, Gallardo JF, Schnug E, Moreno G (2002) Sulphur balance in a broadleaf, non-polluted, forest ecosystem (central-western Spain). Forest Ecology and Management 161: 205-214 Stachurski A, Zimka JR (2002) Atmospheric deposition and ionic interactions within a beech canopy in the Karkonosze Mountains. Environmental Pollution 118: 75-87 ChowVT (1964) Handbook of Applied Hydrology, McGraw-Hill. Dasch JM (1988) Hydrological and chemical inputs to fir trees from rain and clouds during a 1-month study at Clingmans Peak, NC. Atmospheric Environment 22: 2255-2262 Matsuda K, Watanabe I, Wingpud V, Theramongkol P, Ohizumi T (2006) Deposition velocity of O3 and SO2 in the dry and wet season above a tropical forest in northern Thailand. Atmospheric Environment 40: 7557-7564 Aikawa M, Hiraki T, Tamaki M (2006) Comparative field study on precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, fog water, and atmospheric aerosol and gases at urban and rural sites in Japan. Science of the Total Environment 366: 275-285 Fenn ME, Kiefer JW (1999) Throughfall deposition of nitrogen and sulfur in a Jeffrey pine forest in the San Gabriel Mountains, southern California Environmental Pollution 104: 179-187 Lindberg SE, Owens JG (1993) Throughfall studies of deposition to forest edges and gaps in montane ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 19: 173-194 Aikawa M, Hiraki T, Shoga M, Tamaki M (2005) Chemistry of fog water collected in the Mt. Rokko area (Kobe City, Japan) between April 1997 and March 2001. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 160: 373-393 Kobayashi T, Nakagawa Y, Tamaki M, Hiraki T, Aikawa M (2000) Estimation of the cloud water deposition and the acid deposition to canopy of three coniferous trees and one broad-leaved tree at Mt. Awaga; Aogaki-cho, Hyogo Pref. Report of the Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Science 33: 43-49 (in Japanese) Marcos GM, Lancho JFG (2002) Atmospheric deposition in oligotrophic Quercus pyrenaica forests: implications for forest nutrition. Forest Ecology and Management 171: 1-29 Sehmel GA (1980) Particle and gas dry deposition: A review. Atmospheric Environment 14: 983-1011 Laclau J-P, Ranger J, Bouillet J-P, Nzila JdeD, Deleporte P (2003) Nutrient cycling in a clonal stand of Eucalyptus and an adjacent savanna ecosystem in Congo 1. Chemical composition of rainfall, throughfall and stemflow solutions. Forest Ecology and Management 176: 105-119 |
| References_xml | – reference: Shubzda J, Lindberg SE, Garten CT, Nodvin SC (1995) Elevational trends in the fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen in throughfall in the southern Appalachian mountains: some surprising results. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 85: 2265-2270 – reference: Lindberg SE, Owens JG (1993) Throughfall studies of deposition to forest edges and gaps in montane ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 19: 173-194 – reference: Kobayashi T, Nakagawa Y, Tamaki M, Hiraki T, Aikawa M (2000) Estimation of the cloud water deposition and the acid deposition to canopy of three coniferous trees and one broad-leaved tree at Mt. Awaga; Aogaki-cho, Hyogo Pref. Report of the Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Science 33: 43-49 (in Japanese) – reference: Kobayashi T, Nakagawa Y, Tamaki M, Hiraki T, Aikawa M, Shoga M (1999) Estimation of acid deposition to forest canopies via cloud water by means of throughfall measurements and cloud water collection-Measurements in Cryptomeria japonica stands at Mt. Rokko in Kobe, western Japan-. Environmental Science 12 (4): 399-411 (in Japanese with English abstract) – reference: Fujita S, Sakurai T, Matsuda K (2003) Wet and dry deposition of sulfur associated with the eruption of Miyakejima volcano, Japan. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (D15): 2002JD003064 – reference: Kobayashi T, Nakagawa Y (2001) Spatial distribution of cloud water deposition and acid deposition to the canopy of Cryptomeria japonica at the ridge of Mt. Rokko. Report of the Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Science 33: 73-78 (in Japanese) – reference: Marcos GM, Lancho JFG (2002) Atmospheric deposition in oligotrophic Quercus pyrenaica forests: implications for forest nutrition. Forest Ecology and Management 171: 1-29 – reference: Aikawa M, Hiraki T, Tamaki M (2006) Comparative field study on precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, fog water, and atmospheric aerosol and gases at urban and rural sites in Japan. Science of the Total Environment 366: 275-285 – reference: Hyogo Prefecture (2004) White Paper on the Environment, Hyogo Igawa M, Tsutsumi Y, Mori T, Okochi H (1998) Fogwater chemistry at a mountainside of the air pollutant deposition via fog droplets based on the atmospheric quality at the mountain base. Environmental Science and Technology 32: 1566-1572 – reference: Kominami T, Matsuda K, Ohizumi T, Hara H (2005) Estimation of annual deposition of sulfur oxides during the year 2001 at EANET monitoring sites. Journal of Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment 40 (3): 104-111 (in Japanese with English abstract) – reference: Karakas D, Tuncel SG (1997) Optimization and field application of a filter pack system for the simultaneous sampling of atmospheric HNO3, NH3 and SO2. Atmospheric Environment 31: 1657-1666 – reference: Laclau J-P, Ranger J, Bouillet J-P, Nzila JdeD, Deleporte P (2003) Nutrient cycling in a clonal stand of Eucalyptus and an adjacent savanna ecosystem in Congo 1. Chemical composition of rainfall, throughfall and stemflow solutions. Forest Ecology and Management 176: 105-119 – reference: Castro MS, Morgan II RP (2000) Input-output budgets of major ions for a forested watershed in western Maryland. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 119: 121-137 – reference: Aikawa M, Hiraki T, Shoga M, Tamaki M (2005) Chemistry of fog water collected in the Mt. Rokko area (Kobe City, Japan) between April 1997 and March 2001. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 160: 373-393 – reference: ChowVT (1964) Handbook of Applied Hydrology, McGraw-Hill. Dasch JM (1988) Hydrological and chemical inputs to fir trees from rain and clouds during a 1-month study at Clingmans Peak, NC. Atmospheric Environment 22: 2255-2262 – reference: Quilchano C, Haneklaus S, Gallardo JF, Schnug E, Moreno G (2002) Sulphur balance in a broadleaf, non-polluted, forest ecosystem (central-western Spain). Forest Ecology and Management 161: 205-214 – reference: Matsuda K, Watanabe I, Wingpud V, Theramongkol P, Ohizumi T (2006) Deposition velocity of O3 and SO2 in the dry and wet season above a tropical forest in northern Thailand. Atmospheric Environment 40: 7557-7564 – reference: Matsumoto M, Okita T (1998) Long term measurements of atmospheric gaseous and aerosol species using an annular denuder system in Nara, Japan. Atmospheric Environment 32: 1419-1425 – reference: Sickles JE II, Hodson LL, Vorburger LM (1999) Evaluation of the filter pack for long-duration sampling of ambient air. Atmospheric Environment 33: 2187-2202 – reference: Sehmel GA (1980) Particle and gas dry deposition: A review. Atmospheric Environment 14: 983-1011 – reference: Saxena VK, Lin N-H (1990) Cloud chemistry measurements and estimates of acidic deposition on an above cloudbase coniferous forest. Atmospheric Environment 24: 329-352 – reference: Ukonmaanaho L, Starr M (2002) Major nutrients and acidity: budgets and trends at four remote boreal stands in Finland during the 1990s. The Sciences of the Total Environment 297: 21-41 – reference: Stachurski A, Zimka JR (2002) Atmospheric deposition and ionic interactions within a beech canopy in the Karkonosze Mountains. Environmental Pollution 118: 75-87 – reference: Rodrigo A, Avila A, RodaF (2003) The chemistry of precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in two holm oak (Querus ilex L.) forests under a contrasted pollution environment in NE Spain. The Science of the Total Environment 305: 195-205 – reference: Fenn ME, Kiefer JW (1999) Throughfall deposition of nitrogen and sulfur in a Jeffrey pine forest in the San Gabriel Mountains, southern California Environmental Pollution 104: 179-187 – reference: Tsukamoto Y eds. “Forest hydrology”, Buneido Publishing, Tokyo, 1992, 97pp (in Japanese) |
| SSID | ssj0000389739 |
| Score | 1.6520333 |
| Snippet | The input-output balance of sulfur was studied in a catchment area in Japan. Precipitation (collected using a wet-only sampler), cloud water, and sulfur... |
| SourceID | nii jstage |
| SourceType | Publisher |
| StartPage | 23 |
| SubjectTerms | Cloud water Dry deposition Input-output balance Precipitation Stream water Sulfur |
| Title | A Case Study on the Input-Output Balance of Sulfur in a Catchment Area in Japan |
| URI | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/taiki1995/43/1/43_1_23/_article/-char/en https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679594489600 |
| Volume | 43 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| ispartofPNX | Journal of Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment / Taiki Kankyo Gakkaishi, 2008/01/10, Vol.43(1), pp.23-30 |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 2185-4335 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000389739 issn: 1341-4178 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lj9MwELa6ywUOiKdYYJEP-BSlpLHzOnBIS9BqpWWFtpWWU2QnjpotTVZtIgR_iL_JTJKmKSDxuLiWnTSR54vn83hmTMhrWzqWToRj2lxxU8jAMpVwMtMFMEtlJ55uTm-4-OCeLcT5tXM9Gn0feC3VlRon334bV_I_UoU2kCtGyf6DZPs_hQaog3yhBAlD-VcyDo0ZKKHGF_BrZ_WHD_62rszLuoIfY4qOi0ljFriqP2c1-p4bEsP-kmXjBRBuMFKyMM5BZxZDosoih4WChR6LXDa1WAAVjwU21rHLZj5vKu9Y6LJIsOmMBSGLfBaGzN_vKuUr-UUaF3Irl3m6B1G-AeZqzCWGL22XeT_tl2uZG5_qVesdhk2LtQY0lcbV4MqdlcLf6w58_wMX1LBal1vMmZAnRrSP5htMwqBZTTFpj_YZ66YNmIiD0V3OcOZuEzwdILSbhvlAobf7Pr-qCjvA-IdK5qsc49THgo939x0k4MYNP8xK5gCTPiJ3bA8oDe7-f_R7Yx5mKfSaU-v6d99ticNT3vz0DCA7N0D9MafDUZHnAz4zf0DudwsRGraoekhGunhE7g3SUz4mlyFFfNEGX7QsKOCLDvFFO3zRMqMtvmheUEl7fFHEF7Y18nlCFu-j-ezM7A7gMG9woWDKRCsV2KCb7dSXmGnQ45OUAyOdpCLJMqDrElbYWivuWcD0tdauVmmSTZQjpJL8KTkuykI_IzTLPIzq9rlOLMGlL3mSCcGVJ1JbAUk6IW_bMYlv2ywrcfdVxf3gxYLHk7awed-NwYkwF5yQUxjKOMmxhFUNmhJcL3ACIXxYpFvP_9D_gtxtPYHQuPaSHFebWp8C3azUq0bUPwBOOXau |
| linkProvider | Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Case+Study+on+the+Input-Output+Balance+of+Sulfur+in+a+Catchment+Area+in+Japan&rft.jtitle=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%97%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A%E8%AA%8C&rft.au=Aikawa+Masahide&rft.au=Hiraki+Takatoshi&rft.au=Komai+Yukio&rft.au=Umemoto+Satoshi&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=Japan+Society+for+Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=1341-4178&rft.eissn=2185-4335&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.epage=30&rft_id=info:doi/10.11298%2Ftaiki1995.43.23&rft.externalDocID=130004125916 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1341-4178&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1341-4178&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1341-4178&client=summon |