Localising speech, footsteps and other sounds using resource-constrained devices

• Published in: 2011 10th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks pp. 330 - 341
• Main Authors: Yukang Guo, Hazas, M
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 01.04.2011
• Subjects: Acoustics; Algorithm design and analysis; Design; Estimation; Experimentation; Feature extraction; General Terms-Algorithms; Measurement; Microphones; Noise; Speech
• ISBN: 9781612848549; 1612848540

While a number of acoustic localisation systems have been proposed over the last few decades, these have typically either relied on expensive dedicated microphone arrays and workstation-class processing, or have been developed to detect a very specific type of sound in a particular scenario. However, as people live and work indoors, they generate a wide variety of sounds as they interact and move about. These human-generated sounds can be used to infer the positions of people, without requiring them to wear trackable tags. In this paper, we take a practical yet general approach to localising a number of human-generated sounds. Drawing from signal processing literature, we identify methods for resource-constrained devices in a sensor network to detect, classify and locate acoustic events such as speech, footsteps and objects being placed onto tables. We evaluate the classification and time-of-arrival estimation algorithms using a data set of human-generated sounds we captured with sensor nodes in a controlled setting. We show that despite the variety and complexity of the sounds, their localisation is feasible for sensor networks, with typical accuracies of a half metre or better. We specifically discuss the processing and networking considerations, and explore the performance trade-offs which can be made to further conserve resources.