The effect of childhood cow's milk intake and HLA-DR genotype on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young

Background Cow's milk intake has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Genetic and environmental factors may modify the effect of cow's milk on IA and T1D risk. Methods The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) follows...

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Published in	Pediatric diabetes Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 31 - 38
Main Authors	Lamb, Molly M, Miller, Melissa, Seifert, Jennifer A, Frederiksen, Brittni, Kroehl, Miranda, Rewers, Marian, Norris, Jill M
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Former Munksgaard John Wiley & Sons A/S 01.02.2015
Subjects	Animals Autoimmunity Cattle Child Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Child, Preschool childhood diet Cohort Studies cow's milk protein Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - etiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - genetics Disease Susceptibility Eating - physiology Female Genotype HLA-DR Antigens - genetics HLA-DR genotype Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Islets of Langerhans - immunology Male Milk Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires IA HLA-DR genotype childhood diet cow's milk protein
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ISSN	1399-543X 1399-5448 1399-5448
DOI	10.1111/pedi.12115

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Abstract	Background Cow's milk intake has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Genetic and environmental factors may modify the effect of cow's milk on IA and T1D risk. Methods The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) follows children at increased T1D risk of IA (presence of autoantibodies to insulin, GAD65, or IA‐2 twice in succession) and T1D development. We examined 1835 DAISY children with data on cow's milk intake: 143 developed IA, 40 subsequently developed T1D. Cow's milk protein and lactose intake were calculated from prospectively collected parent‐ and self‐reported food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). High risk HLA‐DR genotype: HLA‐DR3/4,DQB10302; low/moderate risk: all other genotypes. We examined interactions between cow's milk intake, age at cow's milk introduction, and HLA‐DR genotype in IA and T1D development. Interaction models contained the base terms (e.g., cow's milk protein and HLA‐DR genotype) and an interaction term (e.g., cow's milk proteinHLA‐DR genotype). Results In survival models adjusted for total calories, FFQ type, T1D family history, and ethnicity, greater cow's milk protein intake was associated with increased IA risk in children with low/moderate risk HLA‐DR genotypes [hazard ratio (HR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.84], but not in children with high risk HLA‐DR genotypes. Cow's milk protein intake was associated with progression to T1D (HR: 1.59, CI: 1.13–2.25) in children with IA. Conclusions Greater cow's milk intake may increase risk of IA and progression to T1D. Early in the T1D disease process, cow's milk intake may be more influential in children with low/moderate genetic T1D risk.
AbstractList	Background Cow's milk intake has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Genetic and environmental factors may modify the effect of cow's milk on IA and T1D risk. Methods The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) follows children at increased T1D risk of IA (presence of autoantibodies to insulin, GAD65, or IA‐2 twice in succession) and T1D development. We examined 1835 DAISY children with data on cow's milk intake: 143 developed IA, 40 subsequently developed T1D. Cow's milk protein and lactose intake were calculated from prospectively collected parent‐ and self‐reported food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). High risk HLA‐DR genotype: HLA‐DR3/4,DQB10302; low/moderate risk: all other genotypes. We examined interactions between cow's milk intake, age at cow's milk introduction, and HLA‐DR genotype in IA and T1D development. Interaction models contained the base terms (e.g., cow's milk protein and HLA‐DR genotype) and an interaction term (e.g., cow's milk proteinHLA‐DR genotype). Results In survival models adjusted for total calories, FFQ type, T1D family history, and ethnicity, greater cow's milk protein intake was associated with increased IA risk in children with low/moderate risk HLA‐DR genotypes [hazard ratio (HR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.84], but not in children with high risk HLA‐DR genotypes. Cow's milk protein intake was associated with progression to T1D (HR: 1.59, CI: 1.13–2.25) in children with IA. Conclusions Greater cow's milk intake may increase risk of IA and progression to T1D. Early in the T1D disease process, cow's milk intake may be more influential in children with low/moderate genetic T1D risk. Cow's milk intake has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Genetic and environmental factors may modify the effect of cow's milk on IA and T1D risk. The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) follows children at increased T1D risk of IA (presence of autoantibodies to insulin, GAD65, or IA-2 twice in succession) and T1D development. We examined 1835 DAISY children with data on cow's milk intake: 143 developed IA, 40 subsequently developed T1D. Cow's milk protein and lactose intake were calculated from prospectively collected parent- and self-reported food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). High risk HLA-DR genotype: HLA-DR3/4,DQB10302; low/moderate risk: all other genotypes. We examined interactions between cow's milk intake, age at cow's milk introduction, and HLA-DR genotype in IA and T1D development. Interaction models contained the base terms (e.g., cow's milk protein and HLA-DR genotype) and an interaction term (e.g., cow's milk proteinHLA-DR genotype). In survival models adjusted for total calories, FFQ type, T1D family history, and ethnicity, greater cow's milk protein intake was associated with increased IA risk in children with low/moderate risk HLA-DR genotypes [hazard ratio (HR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.84], but not in children with high risk HLA-DR genotypes. Cow's milk protein intake was associated with progression to T1D (HR: 1.59, CI: 1.13-2.25) in children with IA. Greater cow's milk intake may increase risk of IA and progression to T1D. Early in the T1D disease process, cow's milk intake may be more influential in children with low/moderate genetic T1D risk. Cow's milk intake has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Genetic and environmental factors may modify the effect of cow's milk on IA and T1D risk.BACKGROUNDCow's milk intake has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Genetic and environmental factors may modify the effect of cow's milk on IA and T1D risk.The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) follows children at increased T1D risk of IA (presence of autoantibodies to insulin, GAD65, or IA-2 twice in succession) and T1D development. We examined 1835 DAISY children with data on cow's milk intake: 143 developed IA, 40 subsequently developed T1D. Cow's milk protein and lactose intake were calculated from prospectively collected parent- and self-reported food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). High risk HLA-DR genotype: HLA-DR3/4,DQB10302; low/moderate risk: all other genotypes. We examined interactions between cow's milk intake, age at cow's milk introduction, and HLA-DR genotype in IA and T1D development. Interaction models contained the base terms (e.g., cow's milk protein and HLA-DR genotype) and an interaction term (e.g., cow's milk proteinHLA-DR genotype).METHODSThe Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) follows children at increased T1D risk of IA (presence of autoantibodies to insulin, GAD65, or IA-2 twice in succession) and T1D development. We examined 1835 DAISY children with data on cow's milk intake: 143 developed IA, 40 subsequently developed T1D. Cow's milk protein and lactose intake were calculated from prospectively collected parent- and self-reported food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). High risk HLA-DR genotype: HLA-DR3/4,DQB10302; low/moderate risk: all other genotypes. We examined interactions between cow's milk intake, age at cow's milk introduction, and HLA-DR genotype in IA and T1D development. Interaction models contained the base terms (e.g., cow's milk protein and HLA-DR genotype) and an interaction term (e.g., cow's milk proteinHLA-DR genotype).In survival models adjusted for total calories, FFQ type, T1D family history, and ethnicity, greater cow's milk protein intake was associated with increased IA risk in children with low/moderate risk HLA-DR genotypes [hazard ratio (HR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.84], but not in children with high risk HLA-DR genotypes. Cow's milk protein intake was associated with progression to T1D (HR: 1.59, CI: 1.13-2.25) in children with IA.RESULTSIn survival models adjusted for total calories, FFQ type, T1D family history, and ethnicity, greater cow's milk protein intake was associated with increased IA risk in children with low/moderate risk HLA-DR genotypes [hazard ratio (HR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.84], but not in children with high risk HLA-DR genotypes. Cow's milk protein intake was associated with progression to T1D (HR: 1.59, CI: 1.13-2.25) in children with IA.Greater cow's milk intake may increase risk of IA and progression to T1D. Early in the T1D disease process, cow's milk intake may be more influential in children with low/moderate genetic T1D risk.CONCLUSIONSGreater cow's milk intake may increase risk of IA and progression to T1D. Early in the T1D disease process, cow's milk intake may be more influential in children with low/moderate genetic T1D risk.
Author	Kroehl, Miranda Norris, Jill M Rewers, Marian Seifert, Jennifer A Frederiksen, Brittni Lamb, Molly M Miller, Melissa
AuthorAffiliation	2 Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8 3 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO, USA 80045 1 Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 3 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO, USA 80045 – name: 2 Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8 – name: 1 Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Molly M surname: Lamb fullname: Lamb, Molly M organization: Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, CO, Aurora, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Melissa surname: Miller fullname: Miller, Melissa organization: Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, ON, Toronto, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Jennifer A surname: Seifert fullname: Seifert, Jennifer A organization: Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, CO, Aurora, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Brittni surname: Frederiksen fullname: Frederiksen, Brittni organization: Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, CO, Aurora, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Miranda surname: Kroehl fullname: Kroehl, Miranda organization: Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, CO, Aurora, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Marian surname: Rewers fullname: Rewers, Marian organization: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, AuroraCO, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Jill M surname: Norris fullname: Norris, Jill M email: Jill.Norris@ucdenver.edu organization: Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, CO, Aurora, USA
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Snippet	Background Cow's milk intake has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Genetic and environmental... Cow's milk intake has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Genetic and environmental factors may...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Autoimmunity Cattle Child Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Child, Preschool childhood diet Cohort Studies cow's milk protein Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - etiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - genetics Disease Susceptibility Eating - physiology Female Genotype HLA-DR Antigens - genetics HLA-DR genotype Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Islets of Langerhans - immunology Male Milk Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires
Title	The effect of childhood cow's milk intake and HLA-DR genotype on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young
URI	https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-RW5Z32CF-J/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fpedi.12115 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24444005 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1652409013 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4104257
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