EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION OF FEMALE TRAITS UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INTERSEXUAL CONFLICT IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

• Published in: Evolution Vol. 68; no. 2; pp. 412 - 425
• Main Authors: Nandy, B., Gupta, V., Udaykumar, N., Samant, M. A., Sen, S., Prasad, N. G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2014; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Aging; Animal populations; Animals; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Drosophila melanogaster - genetics; Drosophila melanogaster - physiology; Evolution; Evolution, Molecular; Evolutionary biology; experimental evolution; Fecundity; Female; Female animals; Fertility - genetics; Insects; Intersex persons; intersexual conflict; Life history; Longevity; Longevity - genetics; Male; Male animals; Mating behavior; Progeny production; Reproduction - genetics; resistance to mate-harm; Sex ratio; Sexes; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Aging; longevity; intersexual conflict; experimental evolution; resistance to mate-harm; Drosophila melanogaster
• ISSN: 0014-3820; 1558-5646; 1558-5646
• DOI: 10.1111/evo.12271

A number of studies have documented the evolution of female resistance to mate-harm in response to the alteration of intersexual conflict in the populations. However, the life-history consequence of such evolution is still a subject of debate. In this study, we subjected replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster to different levels of sexual conflict (generated by altering the operational sex ratio) for over 45 generations. Our results suggest that females from populations experiencing higher level of intersexual conflict evolved increased resistance to mate-harm, in terms of both longevity and progeny production. Females from the populations with low conflict were significantly heavier at eclosion and were more susceptible to mate-harm in terms of progeny production under continuous exposure to the males. However, these females produced more progeny upon single mating and had significantly higher longevity in absence of any male exposure—a potential evidence of trade-offs between resistance-related traits and other life-history traits, such as fecundity and longevity. We also report tentative evidence, suggesting an increased male cost of interacting with more resistant females.