Interacting Socially with the Internet of Things (IoT): Effects of Source Attribution and Specialization in Human-IoT Interaction

This study investigates the theoretical mechanisms by which the variations in source attribution (multiple sources vs. single source) and specialization (multifunctionality vs. single functionality) of Internet of Things (IoT) devices influence the quality of human–IoT interaction. Results from a be...

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Published inJournal of computer-mediated communication Vol. 21; no. 6; pp. 420 - 435
Main Author Kim, Ki Joon
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.11.2016
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1083-6101
1083-6101
DOI10.1111/jcc4.12177

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Abstract This study investigates the theoretical mechanisms by which the variations in source attribution (multiple sources vs. single source) and specialization (multifunctionality vs. single functionality) of Internet of Things (IoT) devices influence the quality of human–IoT interaction. Results from a between‐subjects experiment (N = 100) indicate that IoT devices that elicit the sense of multiple agencies and are specialized in a single function induce greater social presence and perceived expertise, which, in turn, lead individuals to show a more positive attitude toward the devices and to ascribe greater quality to the information transmitted by them. The results also reveal that the effect of multiple source attribution is more pronounced for individuals for whom the content of the information has low personal relevance.
AbstractList This study investigates the theoretical mechanisms by which the variations in source attribution (multiple sources vs. single source) and specialization (multifunctionality vs. single functionality) of Internet of Things (IoT) devices influence the quality of human-IoT interaction. Results from a between-subjects experiment ( N = 100) indicate that IoT devices that elicit the sense of multiple agencies and are specialized in a single function induce greater social presence and perceived expertise, which, in turn, lead individuals to show a more positive attitude toward the devices and to ascribe greater quality to the information transmitted by them. The results also reveal that the effect of multiple source attribution is more pronounced for individuals for whom the content of the information has low personal relevance.
Author Kim, Ki Joon
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Reeves, B., & Nass, C. (1996). The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Harkins, S. G. & Petty, R. E. (1981). The effects of source magnification of cognitive effort on attitudes: An information processing view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 401-413.
Koh, Y. J., & Sundar, S. S. (2010). Heuristic versus systematic processing of specialist versus generalist sources in online media. Human Communication Research, 36(2), 103-124.
Rindskopf, D. (1984). Using phantom and imaginary latent variables to parameterize constraints in linear structural models. Psychometrika, 49(1), 37-47.
Shin, D. (2014). Socio-technical framework for Internet-of-Things design: A human-centered design for the Internet of Things. Telematics and Informatics, 31(4), 519-531.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York: Guilford Press.
Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39-52.
Nass, C., & Moon, Y. (2000). Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 81-103.
Biocca, F. (1997). The cyborg's dilemma: Progressive embodiment in virtual environments. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2).
Nass, C., Moon, Y., & Carney, P. (1999). Are respondents polite to computers? Social desirability and direct responses to computers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 29(5), 1093-1110.
Leshner, G., Reeves, B., & Nass, C. (1998). Switching channels: The effects of television channels on the mental representations of television news. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42(1), 21-33.
Nass, C., & Lee, K. M. (2001). Does computer-synthesized speech manifest personality? Experimental tests of recognition, similarity-attraction, and consistency-attraction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 7(3), 171-181.
Sundar, S. S., & Nass, C. (2001). Conceptualizing sources in online news. Journal of Communication, 51(1), 52-72.
Nass, C., Reeves, B., & Leshner, G. (1996). Technology and roles: A tale of two TVs. Journal of Communication, 46(2), 121-128.
Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341-352.
Yan, Z., Zhang, P., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). A survey on trust management for Internet of Things. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 42, 120-134.
Kim, K. J., & Sundar, S. S. (2016). Mobile persuasion: Can screen size and presentation mode make a difference to trust? Human Communication Research, 42(1), 45-70.
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Lee, K. M., Peng, W., Jin, S, & Yan, C. (2006). Can robots manifest personality? An empirical test of personality recognition, social responses, and social presence in human-robot interaction. Journal of Communication, 56(4), 754-772.
Sundar, S. S., Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Hastall, M. R. (2007). News cues: Information scent and cognitive heuristics. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(3), 366-378.
Warschauer, M. (2003). Demystifying the digital divide. Scientific American, 289(2), 42-47.
Lee, K. M. (2004). Presence, explicated. Communication Theory, 14(1), 27-50.
Addington, D. W. (1971). The effect of vocal variations on ratings of source credibility. Speech Monographs, 38, 242-247.
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Lee, J., Kim, K. J., Lee, S., & Shin, D. (2015). Can autonomous vehicles be safe and trustworthy? Effects of appearance and autonomy of unmanned driving systems. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31(10), 682-691.
Lee, K. M., & Nass, C. (2004). The multiple source effect and synthesized speech: Doubly-disembodied language as a conceptual framework. Human Communication Research, 30(2), 182-207.
Kopetz, H. (2011). Real-time systems: Design principles for distributed embedded applications. New York: Springer.
Macho, S., & Ledermann, T. (2011). Estimating, testing, and comparing specific effects in structural equation models: The phantom model approach. Psychological Methods, 16(1), 34-43.
McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media. New York: Signet.
Sundar, S. S. (2000). Multimedia effects on processing and perception of online news: A study of picture, audio, and video downloads. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(3), 480-499.
Berlo, D. K. (1960). The process of communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
Cohen, M. H., Giangola, J. P., & Balogh, J. (2004). Voice user interface design. Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.
Borgia, E. (2014). The Internet of Things vision: Key features, applications and open issues. Computer Communications, 54, 1-31.
Kim, K. J., & Sundar, S. S. (2014). Does screen size matter for smartphones? Utilitarian and hedonic effects of screen size on smartphone adoption. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(7), 466-473.
Kim, K. J. (2014). Can smartphones be specialists? Effects of specialization in mobile advertising. Telematics and Informatics, 31(4), 640-647.
Oh, J., & Sundar, S. S. (2015). How does interactivity persuade? Effects of interactivity on cognitive absorption, elaboration, and attitudes. Journal of Communication, 65(2), 213-236.
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References_xml – reference: Koh, Y. J., & Sundar, S. S. (2010). Heuristic versus systematic processing of specialist versus generalist sources in online media. Human Communication Research, 36(2), 103-124.
– reference: Nass, C., Moon, Y., & Carney, P. (1999). Are respondents polite to computers? Social desirability and direct responses to computers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 29(5), 1093-1110.
– reference: Cohen, M. H., Giangola, J. P., & Balogh, J. (2004). Voice user interface design. Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.
– reference: Kim, K. J., & Sundar, S. S. (2016). Mobile persuasion: Can screen size and presentation mode make a difference to trust? Human Communication Research, 42(1), 45-70.
– reference: Addington, D. W. (1971). The effect of vocal variations on ratings of source credibility. Speech Monographs, 38, 242-247.
– reference: Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1979). Issue-involvement can increase or decrease persuasion by enhancing message-relevant cognitive response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(10), 1915-1926.
– reference: Lee, K. M., & Nass, C. (2004). The multiple source effect and synthesized speech: Doubly-disembodied language as a conceptual framework. Human Communication Research, 30(2), 182-207.
– reference: Leshner, G., Reeves, B., & Nass, C. (1998). Switching channels: The effects of television channels on the mental representations of television news. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42(1), 21-33.
– reference: Morishima, Y., Nass, C., Bennett, C., & Lee, K. M. (2001). Effects of 'gender' of computer-generated speech on credibility. Technical Report of IEICE TL2001-16, 31(8), 557-562.
– reference: Kim, K. J. (2014). Can smartphones be specialists? Effects of specialization in mobile advertising. Telematics and Informatics, 31(4), 640-647.
– reference: Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341-352.
– reference: Shin, D. (2014). Socio-technical framework for Internet-of-Things design: A human-centered design for the Internet of Things. Telematics and Informatics, 31(4), 519-531.
– reference: Jackson, L. A., Zhao, Y., Kolenic, A. III, Fitzgerald, H. E., Harold, R., & Von Eye, A. (2008). Race, gender, and information technology use: The new digital divide. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(4), 437-442.
– reference: Nass, C., & Lee, K. M. (2001). Does computer-synthesized speech manifest personality? Experimental tests of recognition, similarity-attraction, and consistency-attraction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 7(3), 171-181.
– reference: Warschauer, M. (2003). Demystifying the digital divide. Scientific American, 289(2), 42-47.
– reference: Biocca, F. (1997). The cyborg's dilemma: Progressive embodiment in virtual environments. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2).
– reference: Sundar, S. S., & Nass, C. (2001). Conceptualizing sources in online news. Journal of Communication, 51(1), 52-72.
– reference: Rindskopf, D. (1984). Using phantom and imaginary latent variables to parameterize constraints in linear structural models. Psychometrika, 49(1), 37-47.
– reference: Berlo, D. K. (1960). The process of communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
– reference: Borgia, E. (2014). The Internet of Things vision: Key features, applications and open issues. Computer Communications, 54, 1-31.
– reference: Kim, K. J., Park, E., & Sundar, S. S. (2013). Caregiving role in human-robot interaction: A study of the mediating effects of perceived benefit and social presence. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1799-1806.
– reference: Lee, K. M. (2004). Presence, explicated. Communication Theory, 14(1), 27-50.
– reference: McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media. New York: Signet.
– reference: Kim, K. J., & Sundar, S. S. (2014). Does screen size matter for smartphones? Utilitarian and hedonic effects of screen size on smartphone adoption. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(7), 466-473.
– reference: Macho, S., & Ledermann, T. (2011). Estimating, testing, and comparing specific effects in structural equation models: The phantom model approach. Psychological Methods, 16(1), 34-43.
– reference: Harkins, S. G. & Petty, R. E. (1981). The effects of source magnification of cognitive effort on attitudes: An information processing view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 401-413.
– reference: Oh, J., & Sundar, S. S. (2015). How does interactivity persuade? Effects of interactivity on cognitive absorption, elaboration, and attitudes. Journal of Communication, 65(2), 213-236.
– reference: Kopetz, H. (2011). Real-time systems: Design principles for distributed embedded applications. New York: Springer.
– reference: Lee, K. M., Peng, W., Jin, S, & Yan, C. (2006). Can robots manifest personality? An empirical test of personality recognition, social responses, and social presence in human-robot interaction. Journal of Communication, 56(4), 754-772.
– reference: Sundar, S. S. (2000). Multimedia effects on processing and perception of online news: A study of picture, audio, and video downloads. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(3), 480-499.
– reference: Sundar, S. S., Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Hastall, M. R. (2007). News cues: Information scent and cognitive heuristics. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(3), 366-378.
– reference: Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39-52.
– reference: Lee, J., Kim, K. J., Lee, S., & Shin, D. (2015). Can autonomous vehicles be safe and trustworthy? Effects of appearance and autonomy of unmanned driving systems. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31(10), 682-691.
– reference: Nass, C., & Moon, Y. (2000). Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 81-103.
– reference: Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York: Guilford Press.
– reference: Reeves, B., & Nass, C. (1996). The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places. New York: Cambridge University Press.
– reference: Yan, Z., Zhang, P., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). A survey on trust management for Internet of Things. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 42, 120-134.
– reference: Nass, C., Reeves, B., & Leshner, G. (1996). Technology and roles: A tale of two TVs. Journal of Communication, 46(2), 121-128.
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  article-title: Heuristic versus systematic processing of specialist versus generalist sources in online media
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SubjectTerms Devices
Internet
Internet of Things
Issue Involvement
Mathematical analysis
Mathematical models
Perceived Expertise
Social Presence
Source Attribution
Specialization
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Title Interacting Socially with the Internet of Things (IoT): Effects of Source Attribution and Specialization in Human-IoT Interaction
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