State of charge determination in a lead-acid battery: combined EMF estimation and Ah-balance approach - Zhu, C.B.; Coleman, M.; Hurley, W.G. (2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551), 2004)
Keywords: Applied sciences; Batteries; Chemical processes; Chemical technology; Degradation; Design. Technologies. Operation analysis. Testing; Direct energy conversion and energy accumulation; Displays; Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering; Electrical power engineering; Electrochemical conversion: primary and secondary batteries, fuel cells; Electronics; Exact sciences and technology; Integrated circuits; Performance evaluation; Prediction algorithms; Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices; State estimation; Testing; Voltage control; Lead acid batteries; Secondary cell; System on a chip; Algorithm; Discharge charge cycle; Overvoltage; Least squares method; Integrated circuit; Equivalent circuit; Laboratory test; Chemical composition; State of charge; Curve fitting