Effect of Long-Acting Testosterone Treatment on Functional Exercise Capacity, Skeletal Muscle Performance, Insulin Resistance, and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Elderly Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study

• Published in: Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 54; no. 10; pp. 919 - 927
• Main Authors: CAMINITI, Giuseppe, VOLTERRANI, Maurizio, IELLAMO, Ferdinando, MARAZZI, Giuseppe, MASSARO, Rosalba, MICELI, Marco, MAMMI, Caterina, PIEPOLI, Massimo, FINI, Massimo, ROSANO, Giuseppe M. C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier 01.09.2009; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Aged; Androgens; Baroreflex - drug effects; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose - analysis; Cardiology; Cardiology. Vascular system; Chronic Disease; Disease; Double-Blind Method; Echocardiography; Efficiency; Exercise Test; Exercise Tolerance - drug effects; Heart; Heart attacks; Heart failure; Heart Failure - blood; Heart Failure - diagnostic imaging; Heart Failure - drug therapy; Heart Failure - physiopathology; Heart failure, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, cardiac enlargement; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Insulin Resistance; Leg; Male; Medical prognosis; Medical sciences; Men; Muscle Strength - drug effects; Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects; Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology; Musculoskeletal system; Older people; Oxygen Consumption - drug effects; Testosterone; Testosterone - administration & dosage; Testosterone - analogs & derivatives; Testosterone - blood; Testosterone Congeners - administration & dosage; Triglycerides; Ventilation; Ventricular Function, Left - drug effects; Endocrinopathy; Performance evaluation; Physical exercise; Cardiovascular disease; Functional capacity; Randomization; Heart disease; Exercise tolerance test; Cardiology; Human; Heart failure; Long acting; Metabolic diseases; Patient; Striated muscle; Insulin; Target tissue resistance; Testosterone; Chronic; Sensitivity; Treatment; Baroreflex; Placebo; Double blind study; Insulin resistance; Circulatory system; Performance; Elderly
• ISSN: 0735-1097; 1558-3597; 1558-3597
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.078

This study investigated the effect of a 12-week long-acting testosterone administration on maximal exercise capacity, ventilatory efficiency, muscle strength, insulin resistance, and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). CHF is characterized by a metabolic shift favoring catabolism and impairment in skeletal muscle bulk and function that could be involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Seventy elderly patients with stable CHF-median age 70 years, ejection fraction 31.8 +/- 7%-were randomly assigned to receive testosterone (n = 35, intramuscular injection every 6 weeks) or placebo (n = 35), both on top of optimal medical therapy. At baseline and at the end of the study, all patients underwent echocardiogram, cardiopulmonary exercise test, 6-min walk test (6MWT), quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and isokinetic strength (peak torque) and BRS assessment (sequences technique). Baseline peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)) and quadriceps isometric strength showed a direct relation with serum testosterone concentration. Peak VO(2) significantly improved in testosterone but was unchanged in placebo. Insulin sensitivity was significantly improved in testosterone. The MVC and peak torque significantly increased in testosterone but not in placebo. The BRS significantly improved in testosterone but not in placebo. Increase in testosterone levels was significantly related to improvement in peak VO(2) and MVC. There were no significant changes in left ventricular function either in testosterone or placebo. These results suggest that long-acting testosterone therapy improves exercise capacity, muscle strength, glucose metabolism, and BRS in men with moderately severe CHF. Testosterone benefits seem to be mediated by metabolic and peripheral effects.