Antagonism of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus, rhizospheric isolates of Giant Cardon CONTRA HONGOS FITOPATOGENOS

• Published in: Bioagro Vol. 37; no. 2; p. 209
• Main Authors: Romero-Bastidas, Mirella, Vega-Hernandez, Aracely, Villegas-Espinoza, Jorge A, Zamora-Salgado, Sergio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado 01.05.2025
• Subjects: México
• ISSN: 1316-3361
• DOI: 10.51372/bioagro372.7

Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. are fungi widely studied for their biotechnological applications. In the agricultural field, their benefical characteristics make them an attractive alternative source for biological disease control. Cacti, such as the giant cardon (Pachycereus pringlei) group a great diversity of this type of desert species that have greater metabolic action, due to their resistance to extreme environments. However, there are few studies on this subject. The objective of this research was to isolate, identify and evaluate the antagonism of Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. isolated from the rhizosphere of giant cardon against phytopathogenic root fungi. Forty soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of cardon, at 30 cm depth in four sites in the municipality of La Paz, Baja California Sur. The population and diversity were calculated and the purified isolates were identified macroscopically and microscopically. The pathogenicity of the isolates was determined by inoculation in tomato fruits. While the antagonism was evaluated through dual culture, with Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. The results were recorded in all the agroecosystems evaluated a higher population of Penicillium sp. than Aspergillus sp. (5 versus 2 isolates). The most abundant species was P. digitatum. The antagonism showed significant differences (p<0.05) between isolates of the same genus (different species), presenting up to 70% mycelial inhibition. While in the pathogenicity test, two Penicillium isolates and one Aspergillus isolate showed a greater effect than the rest. This information confirms the capacity of Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. in the control of plant pathogens. Additional Keywords: biocontrol, diversity, efficacy, microorganisms Aspergillus sp. y Penicillium sp. son hongos ampliamente estudiados por sus aplicaciones biotecnologicas. En el ambito agricola, sus caracteristicas beneficas, los hace una fuente atractiva como alternativa en el control biologico de enfermedades. Las cactaceas, como el cardon gigante (Pachycereus pringlei), agrupan una gran diversidad de este tipo de especies deserticas que presentan mayor accion metabolica, debido a su resistencia en ambientes extremos. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue aislar, identificar y evaluar el antagonismo de Penicillium sp. y Aspergillus sp. aislados de la rizosfera del cardon gigante contra hongos fitopatogenos de raiz. Cuarenta muestras de suelo fueron colectadas de la rizosfera del cardon, a 30 cm de profundidad en cuatro sitios del municipio de La Paz, Baja California Sur. La poblacion y diversidad fue calculada y los aislados purificados se identificaron macroscopica y microscopicamente. La patogenicidad de los aislados se determino mediante inoculacion en frutos de tomate. La capacidad antagonica se evaluo a traves del cultivo dual, con los patogenos Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani y Rhizoctonia solani. Los resultados registraron una mayor poblacion de Penicillium sp. que Aspergillus sp. (5 versus 2 aislados). La especie de mayor abundancia fue P. digitatum. El antagonismo, mostro diferencias significativas (p [less than or equal to] 0,05) entre aislados del mismo genero (especies diferentes), al presentar hasta 70% de inhibicion micelial de los fitopatogenos. En la prueba de patogenicidad, todos los aislados indujeron sintomas, aunque dos aislados de Penicillium y un aislado de Aspergillus mostraron mayor efecto que el resto. Esta informacion confirma la capacidad de Aspergillus sp. y Penicillium sp. en el control de patogenos vegetales. Palabras clave adicionales: Biocontrol, diversidad, eficacia, microorganismos Editor Asociado: Prof, Maria Elena Sanabria-Chopite