Récentes adipokines : un lien entre l’obésité et l’athérosclérose

Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by changes in arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles in addition to inflamma...

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Published inAnnales d'endocrinologie Vol. 72; no. 3; pp. 224 - 231
Main Authors Gauvreau, D., Villeneuve, N., Deshaies, Y., Cianflone, K.
Format Journal Article
LanguageFrench
Published Paris Elsevier Masson SAS 2011
Masson
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0003-4266
DOI10.1016/j.ando.2010.02.025

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Abstract Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by changes in arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles in addition to inflammation. Adipose tissue produces many cytokines and secretory factors termed adipokines. Intra-abdominal (visceral) adipose tissue in particular, rather than peripheral, appears to be associated with global cardiometabolic risk. The present article summarizes information on five recently discovered adipokines: vaspin, visfatin, apelin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and their potential beneficial or deleterious roles in obesity and atherosclerosis. Vaspin may have antiatherogenic effects through its potential insulin-sensitizing properties. Similarly, visfatin has been suggested to enhance insulin sensitivity, but its potential role in plaque destabilization may counteract this. Apelin, via inhibition of food intake, and increases in physical activity and body temperature, may promote weight loss, resulting in a beneficial antiatherogenic effect. Further, favourable effects on vasodilatation and blood pressure add to this positive effect. Considering its increased levels in subjects with demonstrated atherosclerosis, RBP4 may constitute a biomarker. Lastly, ASP, often increased in obesity and metabolic disorders, may be contributing to efficient lipid storage, and decreasing or blocking ASP may provide a potential antiobesity target. Adipokines may further contribute to obesity-atherosclerosis relationships, the full understanding of which will require further research. De nos jours, la maladie cardiovasculaire (MCV) demeure la principale cause de décès dans les pays industrialisés, malgré les avancées scientifiques au niveau de la prévention, du diagnostic et du traitement. Nous voyons maintenant émerger une épidémie d’obésité, suivie de près d’une augmentation de la résistance à l’insuline et du diabète, qui pourraient mettre en péril les progrès remarqués relatifs aux MCV. Le tissu adipeux produit plusieurs cytokines et autres molécules sécrétées nommées adipokines. Le tissu adipeux intra-abdominal (viscéral), plutôt que périphérique, serait impliqué davantage dans le risque cardiométabolique global. L’objectif de cet article est de résumer les connaissances actuelles de cinq adipokines récemment découvertes, soit la vaspine, la visfatine, l’apeline, la protéine stimulant l’acylation ( acylation stimulating protein [ASP]) et la protéine liant le rétinol 4 ( retinol-binding protein 4 [RBP4]). Nous voulons, de plus, discuter des effets potentiels, directs ou indirects, bénéfiques ou néfastes, que ces adipokines pourraient avoir sur le développement de l’athérosclérose et la santé cardiovasculaire. Plusieurs mécanismes ont été avancés pour expliquer comment une augmentation du tissu adipeux pourrait affecter négativement les parois vasculaires. Ces mécanismes retrouvés dans le syndrome métabolique incluent des changements au niveau de la tension artérielle, du métabolisme du glucose, des lipides, des lipoprotéines ainsi que du système inflammatoire. Il est crucial de comprendre le rôle des adipokines dans le développement de l’athérosclérose afin de prévenir de façon plus efficace les conséquences néfastes de l’obésité sur la santé cardiovasculaire.
AbstractList AbstractToday, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by changes in arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles in addition to inflammation. Adipose tissue produces many cytokines and secretory factors termed adipokines. Intra-abdominal (visceral) adipose tissue in particular, rather than peripheral, appears to be associated with global cardiometabolic risk. The present article summarizes information on five recently discovered adipokines: vaspin, visfatin, apelin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and their potential beneficial or deleterious roles in obesity and atherosclerosis. Vaspin may have antiatherogenic effects through its potential insulin-sensitizing properties. Similarly, visfatin has been suggested to enhance insulin sensitivity, but its potential role in plaque destabilization may counteract this. Apelin, via inhibition of food intake, and increases in physical activity and body temperature, may promote weight loss, resulting in a beneficial antiatherogenic effect. Further, favourable effects on vasodilatation and blood pressure add to this positive effect. Considering its increased levels in subjects with demonstrated atherosclerosis, RBP4 may constitute a biomarker. Lastly, ASP, often increased in obesity and metabolic disorders, may be contributing to efficient lipid storage, and decreasing or blocking ASP may provide a potential antiobesity target. Adipokines may further contribute to obesity-atherosclerosis relationships, the full understanding of which will require further research.
Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by changes in arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles in addition to inflammation. Adipose tissue produces many cytokines and secretory factors termed adipokines. Intra-abdominal (visceral) adipose tissue in particular, rather than peripheral, appears to be associated with global cardiometabolic risk. The present article summarizes information on five recently discovered adipokines: vaspin, visfatin, apelin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and their potential beneficial or deleterious roles in obesity and atherosclerosis. Vaspin may have antiatherogenic effects through its potential insulin-sensitizing properties. Similarly, visfatin has been suggested to enhance insulin sensitivity, but its potential role in plaque destabilization may counteract this. Apelin, via inhibition of food intake, and increases in physical activity and body temperature, may promote weight loss, resulting in a beneficial antiatherogenic effect. Further, favourable effects on vasodilatation and blood pressure add to this positive effect. Considering its increased levels in subjects with demonstrated atherosclerosis, RBP4 may constitute a biomarker. Lastly, ASP, often increased in obesity and metabolic disorders, may be contributing to efficient lipid storage, and decreasing or blocking ASP may provide a potential antiobesity target. Adipokines may further contribute to obesity-atherosclerosis relationships, the full understanding of which will require further research. De nos jours, la maladie cardiovasculaire (MCV) demeure la principale cause de décès dans les pays industrialisés, malgré les avancées scientifiques au niveau de la prévention, du diagnostic et du traitement. Nous voyons maintenant émerger une épidémie d’obésité, suivie de près d’une augmentation de la résistance à l’insuline et du diabète, qui pourraient mettre en péril les progrès remarqués relatifs aux MCV. Le tissu adipeux produit plusieurs cytokines et autres molécules sécrétées nommées adipokines. Le tissu adipeux intra-abdominal (viscéral), plutôt que périphérique, serait impliqué davantage dans le risque cardiométabolique global. L’objectif de cet article est de résumer les connaissances actuelles de cinq adipokines récemment découvertes, soit la vaspine, la visfatine, l’apeline, la protéine stimulant l’acylation ( acylation stimulating protein [ASP]) et la protéine liant le rétinol 4 ( retinol-binding protein 4 [RBP4]). Nous voulons, de plus, discuter des effets potentiels, directs ou indirects, bénéfiques ou néfastes, que ces adipokines pourraient avoir sur le développement de l’athérosclérose et la santé cardiovasculaire. Plusieurs mécanismes ont été avancés pour expliquer comment une augmentation du tissu adipeux pourrait affecter négativement les parois vasculaires. Ces mécanismes retrouvés dans le syndrome métabolique incluent des changements au niveau de la tension artérielle, du métabolisme du glucose, des lipides, des lipoprotéines ainsi que du système inflammatoire. Il est crucial de comprendre le rôle des adipokines dans le développement de l’athérosclérose afin de prévenir de façon plus efficace les conséquences néfastes de l’obésité sur la santé cardiovasculaire.
Author Cianflone, K.
Villeneuve, N.
Deshaies, Y.
Gauvreau, D.
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Issue 3
Keywords Vaspin
RBP4
Visfatin
Visfatine
ASP
Apelin
Apeline
Vaspine
Pathologie de l'appareil circulatoire
Athérosclérose
Trouble de la nutrition
Pathologie des vaisseaux sanguins
Adipokine
Etat nutritionnel
Obésité
Apéline
Language French
License CC BY 4.0
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Snippet Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome....
AbstractToday, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome....
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SubjectTerms Apelin
Apeline
ASP
Athérosclérose (généralités, étude expérimentale)
Cardiologie. Appareil circulatoire
Endocrinology and Metabolism
Internal Medicine
Maladies metaboliques
Obésité
RBP4
Sciences biologiques et medicales
Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie
Sciences medicales
Vaisseaux sanguins et lymphatiques
Vaspin
Vaspine
Vertebres: endocrinologie
Visfatin
Visfatine
Title Récentes adipokines : un lien entre l’obésité et l’athérosclérose
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