Récentes adipokines : un lien entre l’obésité et l’athérosclérose
Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by changes in arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles in addition to inflamma...
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          | Published in | Annales d'endocrinologie Vol. 72; no. 3; pp. 224 - 231 | 
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , | 
| Format | Journal Article | 
| Language | French | 
| Published | 
        Paris
          Elsevier Masson SAS
    
        2011
     Masson  | 
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text | 
| ISSN | 0003-4266 | 
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ando.2010.02.025 | 
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| Abstract | Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by changes in arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles in addition to inflammation. Adipose tissue produces many cytokines and secretory factors termed adipokines. Intra-abdominal (visceral) adipose tissue in particular, rather than peripheral, appears to be associated with global cardiometabolic risk. The present article summarizes information on five recently discovered adipokines: vaspin, visfatin, apelin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and their potential beneficial or deleterious roles in obesity and atherosclerosis. Vaspin may have antiatherogenic effects through its potential insulin-sensitizing properties. Similarly, visfatin has been suggested to enhance insulin sensitivity, but its potential role in plaque destabilization may counteract this. Apelin, via inhibition of food intake, and increases in physical activity and body temperature, may promote weight loss, resulting in a beneficial antiatherogenic effect. Further, favourable effects on vasodilatation and blood pressure add to this positive effect. Considering its increased levels in subjects with demonstrated atherosclerosis, RBP4 may constitute a biomarker. Lastly, ASP, often increased in obesity and metabolic disorders, may be contributing to efficient lipid storage, and decreasing or blocking ASP may provide a potential antiobesity target. Adipokines may further contribute to obesity-atherosclerosis relationships, the full understanding of which will require further research.
De nos jours, la maladie cardiovasculaire (MCV) demeure la principale cause de décès dans les pays industrialisés, malgré les avancées scientifiques au niveau de la prévention, du diagnostic et du traitement. Nous voyons maintenant émerger une épidémie d’obésité, suivie de près d’une augmentation de la résistance à l’insuline et du diabète, qui pourraient mettre en péril les progrès remarqués relatifs aux MCV. Le tissu adipeux produit plusieurs cytokines et autres molécules sécrétées nommées adipokines. Le tissu adipeux intra-abdominal (viscéral), plutôt que périphérique, serait impliqué davantage dans le risque cardiométabolique global. L’objectif de cet article est de résumer les connaissances actuelles de cinq adipokines récemment découvertes, soit la vaspine, la visfatine, l’apeline, la protéine stimulant l’acylation (
acylation stimulating protein [ASP]) et la protéine liant le rétinol 4 (
retinol-binding protein 4 [RBP4]). Nous voulons, de plus, discuter des effets potentiels, directs ou indirects, bénéfiques ou néfastes, que ces adipokines pourraient avoir sur le développement de l’athérosclérose et la santé cardiovasculaire. Plusieurs mécanismes ont été avancés pour expliquer comment une augmentation du tissu adipeux pourrait affecter négativement les parois vasculaires. Ces mécanismes retrouvés dans le syndrome métabolique incluent des changements au niveau de la tension artérielle, du métabolisme du glucose, des lipides, des lipoprotéines ainsi que du système inflammatoire. Il est crucial de comprendre le rôle des adipokines dans le développement de l’athérosclérose afin de prévenir de façon plus efficace les conséquences néfastes de l’obésité sur la santé cardiovasculaire. | 
    
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| AbstractList | AbstractToday, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by changes in arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles in addition to inflammation. Adipose tissue produces many cytokines and secretory factors termed adipokines. Intra-abdominal (visceral) adipose tissue in particular, rather than peripheral, appears to be associated with global cardiometabolic risk. The present article summarizes information on five recently discovered adipokines: vaspin, visfatin, apelin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and their potential beneficial or deleterious roles in obesity and atherosclerosis. Vaspin may have antiatherogenic effects through its potential insulin-sensitizing properties. Similarly, visfatin has been suggested to enhance insulin sensitivity, but its potential role in plaque destabilization may counteract this. Apelin, via inhibition of food intake, and increases in physical activity and body temperature, may promote weight loss, resulting in a beneficial antiatherogenic effect. Further, favourable effects on vasodilatation and blood pressure add to this positive effect. Considering its increased levels in subjects with demonstrated atherosclerosis, RBP4 may constitute a biomarker. Lastly, ASP, often increased in obesity and metabolic disorders, may be contributing to efficient lipid storage, and decreasing or blocking ASP may provide a potential antiobesity target. Adipokines may further contribute to obesity-atherosclerosis relationships, the full understanding of which will require further research. Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by changes in arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles in addition to inflammation. Adipose tissue produces many cytokines and secretory factors termed adipokines. Intra-abdominal (visceral) adipose tissue in particular, rather than peripheral, appears to be associated with global cardiometabolic risk. The present article summarizes information on five recently discovered adipokines: vaspin, visfatin, apelin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and their potential beneficial or deleterious roles in obesity and atherosclerosis. Vaspin may have antiatherogenic effects through its potential insulin-sensitizing properties. Similarly, visfatin has been suggested to enhance insulin sensitivity, but its potential role in plaque destabilization may counteract this. Apelin, via inhibition of food intake, and increases in physical activity and body temperature, may promote weight loss, resulting in a beneficial antiatherogenic effect. Further, favourable effects on vasodilatation and blood pressure add to this positive effect. Considering its increased levels in subjects with demonstrated atherosclerosis, RBP4 may constitute a biomarker. Lastly, ASP, often increased in obesity and metabolic disorders, may be contributing to efficient lipid storage, and decreasing or blocking ASP may provide a potential antiobesity target. Adipokines may further contribute to obesity-atherosclerosis relationships, the full understanding of which will require further research. De nos jours, la maladie cardiovasculaire (MCV) demeure la principale cause de décès dans les pays industrialisés, malgré les avancées scientifiques au niveau de la prévention, du diagnostic et du traitement. Nous voyons maintenant émerger une épidémie d’obésité, suivie de près d’une augmentation de la résistance à l’insuline et du diabète, qui pourraient mettre en péril les progrès remarqués relatifs aux MCV. Le tissu adipeux produit plusieurs cytokines et autres molécules sécrétées nommées adipokines. Le tissu adipeux intra-abdominal (viscéral), plutôt que périphérique, serait impliqué davantage dans le risque cardiométabolique global. L’objectif de cet article est de résumer les connaissances actuelles de cinq adipokines récemment découvertes, soit la vaspine, la visfatine, l’apeline, la protéine stimulant l’acylation ( acylation stimulating protein [ASP]) et la protéine liant le rétinol 4 ( retinol-binding protein 4 [RBP4]). Nous voulons, de plus, discuter des effets potentiels, directs ou indirects, bénéfiques ou néfastes, que ces adipokines pourraient avoir sur le développement de l’athérosclérose et la santé cardiovasculaire. Plusieurs mécanismes ont été avancés pour expliquer comment une augmentation du tissu adipeux pourrait affecter négativement les parois vasculaires. Ces mécanismes retrouvés dans le syndrome métabolique incluent des changements au niveau de la tension artérielle, du métabolisme du glucose, des lipides, des lipoprotéines ainsi que du système inflammatoire. Il est crucial de comprendre le rôle des adipokines dans le développement de l’athérosclérose afin de prévenir de façon plus efficace les conséquences néfastes de l’obésité sur la santé cardiovasculaire.  | 
    
| Author | Cianflone, K. Villeneuve, N. Deshaies, Y. Gauvreau, D.  | 
    
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| Keywords | Vaspin RBP4 Visfatin Visfatine ASP Apelin Apeline Vaspine Pathologie de l'appareil circulatoire Athérosclérose Trouble de la nutrition Pathologie des vaisseaux sanguins Adipokine Etat nutritionnel Obésité Apéline  | 
    
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A review article publication-title: Dig Dis Sci  | 
    
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| Snippet | Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome.... AbstractToday, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome....  | 
    
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| SubjectTerms | Apelin Apeline ASP Athérosclérose (généralités, étude expérimentale) Cardiologie. Appareil circulatoire Endocrinology and Metabolism Internal Medicine Maladies metaboliques Obésité RBP4 Sciences biologiques et medicales Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie Sciences medicales Vaisseaux sanguins et lymphatiques Vaspin Vaspine Vertebres: endocrinologie Visfatin Visfatine  | 
    
| Title | Récentes adipokines : un lien entre l’obésité et l’athérosclérose | 
    
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