New-Generation NASA Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Volcanic SO2 Dataset: Algorithm Description, Initial Results, and Continuation with the Suomi-NPP Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)

• Published in: Atmospheric measurement techniques Vol. 10; no. 2; pp. 445 - 458
• Main Authors: Li, Can, Krotkov, Nickolay A., Carn, Simon, Zhang, Yan, Spurr, Robert J. D., Joiner, Joanna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Goddard Space Flight Center Copernicus Publications 06.02.2017; Copernicus GmbH
• Subjects: Absorption; Algorithms; Aviation; Bias; Clouds; Coal-fired power plants; Datasets; Emissions; Environment Pollution; Feature extraction; Hazard mitigation; Industrial plant emissions; Instruments; Jacobians; Lower stratosphere; Lower troposphere; Mapping; Meteorology And Climatology; Monitoring instruments; Noise reduction; Ozone; Ozone monitoring; Perturbation; Plumes; Pollution monitoring; Principal components analysis; Profiles; Reflectance; Retrieval; Satellite instruments; Satellite-borne instruments; Satellites; Spectra; Spectral resolution; Stratosphere; Sulfur dioxide; Troposphere; Upper troposphere; Volcanic eruption effects; Volcano monitoring; Volcanoes; Wavelength; Wavelengths; Volcano; Omi; Omps; So2
• ISSN: 1867-1381; 1867-8548; 1867-8548
• DOI: 10.5194/amt-10-445-2017

Since the fall of 2004, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has been providing global monitoring of volcanic SO2 emissions, helping to understand their climate impacts and to mitigate aviation hazards. Here we introduce a new-generation OMI volcanic SO2 dataset based on a principal component analysis (PCA) retrieval technique. To reduce retrieval noise and artifacts as seen in the current operational linear fit (LF) algorithm, the new algorithm, OMSO2VOLCANO, uses characteristic features extracted directly from OMI radiances in the spectral fitting, thereby helping to minimize interferences from various geophysical processes (e.g., O3 absorption) and measurement details (e.g., wavelength shift). To solve the problem of low bias for large SO2 total columns in the LF product, the OMSO2VOLCANO algorithm employs a table lookup approach to estimate SO2 Jacobians (i.e., the instrument sensitivity to a perturbation in the SO2 column amount) and iteratively adjusts the spectral fitting window to exclude shorter wavelengths where the SO2 absorption signals are saturated. To first order, the effects of clouds and aerosols are accounted for using a simple Lambertian equivalent reflectivity approach. As with the LF algorithm, OMSO2VOLCANO provides total column retrievals based on a set of predefined SO2 profiles from the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere, including a new profile peaked at 13 km for plumes in the upper troposphere. Examples given in this study indicate that the new dataset shows significant improvement over the LF product, with at least 50% reduction in retrieval noise over the remote Pacific. For large eruptions such as Kasatochi in 2008 (approximately 1700 kt total SO2/ and Sierra Negra in 2005 (greater than 1100DU maximum SO2), OMSO2VOLCANO generally agrees well with other algorithms that also utilize the full spectral content of satellite measurements, while the LF algorithm tends to underestimate SO2. We also demonstrate that, despite the coarser spatial and spectral resolution of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) instrument, application of the new PCA algorithm to OMPS data produces highly consistent retrievals between OMI and OMPS. The new PCA algorithm is therefore capable of continuing the volcanic SO2 data record well into the future using current and future hyperspectral UV satellite instruments.