ROLE OF DETOXIFICATION ENZYME GENE POLYMORPHISM IN ANESTHESIOLOGY PRACTICE

• Published in: Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії Vol. 25; no. 2; pp. 292 - 299
• Main Authors: Harkavenko, М. О., Tarasenko, K. V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 29.05.2025
• ISSN: 2077-1096; 2077-1126; 2077-1126
• DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.25.2.292

Objective: To analyze scientific publications that reflect current understanding of gene polymorphisms of detoxification enzymes and their role in anesthesiological practice. Materials and methods. This work is a literature review focused on analyzing data regarding the influence of gene polymorphisms in detoxification enzymes on the course of anesthesia, patient responses to anesthetics, and the potential complications arising in anesthesiology. To achieve the aim of the study, scientific sources from open-access databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used. Resluts. The metabolism of xenobiotics is influenced by a variety of factors, among which genetic polymorphism of the detoxification enzyme system and environmental factors play a significant role. Genetic polymorphism is regarded as the genetic variability confined within a single species. This diversity of the human genome leads to minor alterations in the primary structure of the DNA molecule, manifesting as changes in protein structures, thereby determining the biochemical individuality of each organism. The phenotypic manifestation of genetic polymorphisms, in contrast to mutations, is generally not very detrimental to the organism but is not always neutral. Pathological effects of genetic polymorphisms are attributed to the synthesis of proteins with altered physicochemical properties and impaired functional activity. Cytochrome P450 enzymes belong to a superfamily of membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a central role in the metabolism of both xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. They are present in most tissues of the body and are essential for various physiological processes. The polymorphism of cytochrome P450 enzymes plays a major role in metabolism as well as in certain pathological conditions, such as tumor development, adverse psychological behavior, and other disorders. The multifunctional superfamily of glutathione S-transferases plays a crucial role in protecting cells against free radicals, regulating lipid peroxidation processes, protein alkylation, and the metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotics, including chemotherapeutic agents. Gene polymorphisms encoding detoxification enzymes are a critical aspect in predicting the body’s response to pharmacological therapy, especially in the context of anesthetic management of patients. Metabolic processes regulated by detoxification system enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases and cytochromes P450, have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of anesthetics and other drugs used during surgical interventions and in the postoperative period. Conclusions. Consideration of gene polymorphisms may help anticipate the risks of complications during and after surgical procedures. Alterations in metabolic pathways due to polymorphisms can lead to prolonged action of anesthetics or exacerbation of adverse effects.