Effects on Hamstring Muscle Extensibility, Muscle Activity, and Balance of Different Stretching Techniques
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different stretching techniques on range of motion (ROM), muscle activation, and balance. [Subjects] For the present study, 48 adults with hamstring muscle tightness were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: a sta...
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| Published in | Journal of Physical Therapy Science Vol. 26; no. 2; pp. 209 - 213 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
01.02.2014
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0915-5287 2187-5626 2187-5626 |
| DOI | 10.1589/jpts.26.209 |
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| Abstract | [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different stretching techniques on range of motion (ROM), muscle activation, and balance. [Subjects] For the present study, 48 adults with hamstring muscle tightness were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: a static stretching group (n=16), a PNF stretching group (n=16), a control group (n=16). [Methods] Both of the stretching techniques were applied to the hamstring once. Active knee extension angle, muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), and static balance were measured before and after the application of each stretching technique. [Results] Both the static stretching and the PNF stretching groups showed significant increases in knee extension angle compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in muscle activation or balance between the groups. [Conclusion] Static stretching and PNF stretching techniques improved ROM without decrease in muscle activation, but neither of them exerted statistically significant effects on balance. |
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| AbstractList | [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different stretching techniques on range of motion (ROM), muscle activation, and balance. [Subjects] For the present study, 48 adults with hamstring muscle tightness were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: a static stretching group (n=16), a PNF stretching group (n=16), a control group (n=16). [Methods] Both of the stretching techniques were applied to the hamstring once. Active knee extension angle, muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), and static balance were measured before and after the application of each stretching technique. [Results] Both the static stretching and the PNF stretching groups showed significant increases in knee extension angle compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in muscle activation or balance between the groups. [Conclusion] Static stretching and PNF stretching techniques improved ROM without decrease in muscle activation, but neither of them exerted statistically significant effects on balance. [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different stretching techniques on range of motion (ROM), muscle activation, and balance. [Subjects] For the present study, 48 adults with hamstring muscle tightness were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: a static stretching group (n=16), a PNF stretching group (n=16), a control group (n=16). [Methods] Both of the stretching techniques were applied to the hamstring once. Active knee extension angle, muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), and static balance were measured before and after the application of each stretching technique. [Results] Both the static stretching and the PNF stretching groups showed significant increases in knee extension angle compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in muscle activation or balance between the groups. [Conclusion] Static stretching and PNF stretching techniques improved ROM without decrease in muscle activation, but neither of them exerted statistically significant effects on balance.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different stretching techniques on range of motion (ROM), muscle activation, and balance. [Subjects] For the present study, 48 adults with hamstring muscle tightness were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: a static stretching group (n=16), a PNF stretching group (n=16), a control group (n=16). [Methods] Both of the stretching techniques were applied to the hamstring once. Active knee extension angle, muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), and static balance were measured before and after the application of each stretching technique. [Results] Both the static stretching and the PNF stretching groups showed significant increases in knee extension angle compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in muscle activation or balance between the groups. [Conclusion] Static stretching and PNF stretching techniques improved ROM without decrease in muscle activation, but neither of them exerted statistically significant effects on balance. [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different stretching techniques on range of motion (ROM), muscle activation, and balance. [Subjects] For the present study, 48 adults with hamstring muscle tightness were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: a static stretching group (n=16), a PNF stretching group (n=16), a control group (n=16). [Methods] Both of the stretching techniques were applied to the hamstring once. Active knee extension angle, muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), and static balance were measured before and after the application of each stretching technique. [Results] Both the static stretching and the PNF stretching groups showed significant increases in knee extension angle compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in muscle activation or balance between the groups. [Conclusion] Static stretching and PNF stretching techniques improved ROM without decrease in muscle activation, but neither of them exerted statistically significant effects on balance. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different stretching techniques on range of motion (ROM), muscle activation, and balance. [Abstract.] [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different stretching techniques on range of motion (ROM), muscle activation, and balance. [Subjects] For the present study, 48 adults with hamstring muscle tightness were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: a static stretching group (n=16), a PNF stretching group (n=16), a control group (n=16). [Methods] Both of the stretching techniques were applied to the hamstring once. Active knee extension angle, muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), and static balance were measured before and after the application of each stretching technique. [Results] Both the static stretching and the PNF stretching groups showed significant increases in knee extension angle compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in muscle activation or balance between the groups. [Conclusion] Static stretching and PNF stretching techniques improved ROM without decrease in muscle activation, but neither of them exerted statistically significant effects on balance. |
| Author | Nam, Hyung-Chun Jung, Kyoung-Sim Lim, Kyoung-Il |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24648633$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References | 30) Marek SM, Cramer JT, Fincher AL, et al.: Acute Effects of Static and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Muscle Strength and Power Output. J Athl Train, 2005, 40: 94–103. 29) Etnyre BR, Abraham LD: H-reflex changes during static stretching and two variations of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 1986, 63: 174–179. 6) Jaggers JR, Swank AM, Frost KL, et al.: The acute effects of dynamic and ballistic stretching on vertical jump height, force, and power. J Strength Cond Res, 2008, 22: 1844–1849. 1) Bandy WD, Sanders B: Therapeutic Exercise: Techniques for Intervention. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001. 2) Halbertsma JP, Mulder I, Goeken LN, et al.: Repeated passive stretching: acute effect on the passive muscle moment and extensibility of short hamstrings. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1999, 80: 407–414. 16) Bandy WD, Irion JM: The effect of time on static stretch on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Phys Ther, 1994, 74: 845–850. 31) Neumann DA: Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System: Foundations for Physical Rehabilitation, 1st ed. Louis: Mosby, 2002. 20) Cramer JT, Housh TJ, Weir JP, et al.: The acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, mean power output, electromyography, and mechanomyography. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2005, 93: 530–539. 32) Bloem BR, Allum JH, Carpenter MG, et al.: Is lower leg proprioception essential for triggering human automatic postural responses? Exp Brain Res, 2000, 130: 375–391. 14) Davis DS, Ashby PE, McCale KL, et al.: The effectiveness of 3 stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility using consistent stretching parameters. J Strength Cond Res, 2005, 19: 27–32. 15) Decoster LC, Cleland J, Altieri C, et al.: The effects of hamstring stretching on range of motion: a systematic literature review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2005, 35: 377–387. 17) Bandy WD, Irion JM, Briggler M: The effect of time and frequency of static stretching on flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Phys Ther, 1997, 77: 1090–1096. 4) Hreljac A, Marshall RN, Hume PA: Evaluation of lower extremity overuse injury potential in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2000, 32: 1635–1641. 18) Chan SP, Hong Y, Robinson PD: Flexibility and passive resistance of the hamstrings of young adults using two different static stretching protocols. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2001, 11: 81–86. 21) Condon SM, Hutton RS: Soleus muscle electromyographic activity and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion during four stretching procedures. Phys Ther, 1987, 67: 24–30. 3) Hartig DE, Henderson JM: Increasing hamstring flexibility decreases lower extremity overuse injuries in military basic trainees. Am J Sports Med, 1999, 27: 173–176. 22) Osternig LR, Robertson R, Troxel R, et al.: Muscle activation during proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching techniques. Am J Phys Med, 1987, 66: 298–307. 5) Safran MR, Seaber AV, Garrett WE Jr: Warm-up and muscular injury prevention. An update. Sports Med, 1989, 8: 239–249. 25) Tanigawa MC: Comparison of the hold-relax procedure and passive mobilization on increasing muscle length. Phys Ther, 1972, 52: 725–735. 9) Sheard PW, Smith PM, Paine TJ: Athlete compliance to therapist requested contraction intensity during proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Man Ther, 2009, 14: 539–543. 23) Behm DG, Bambury A, Cahill F, et al.: Effect of acute static stretching on force, balance, reaction time, and movement time. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2004, 36: 1397–1402. 7) McHugh MP, Nesse M: Effect of stretching on strength loss and pain after eccentric exercise. 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J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2009, 13: 11–21. 34) Aruin AS, Forrest WR, Latash ML: Anticipatory postural adjustments in conditions of postural instability. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 1998, 109: 350–359. 19) Knott M, Voss DE: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation: patterns and techniques. New York: Harper & Row, 1968. 28) Lee GP, Ng GY: Effects of stretching and heat treatment on hamstring extensibility in children with severe mental retardation and hypertonia. Clin Rehabil, 2008, 22: 771–779. 24) Olivo SA, Magee DJ: Electromyographic assessment of the activity of the masticatory using the agonist contract-antagonist relax technique (AC) and contract-relax technique (CR). Man Ther, 2006, 11: 136–145. 33) Shiratori T, Latash M: The roles of proximal and distal muscles in anticipatory postural adjustments under asymmetrical perturbations and during standing on rollerskates. Clin Neurophysiol, 2000, 111: 613–623. 11) Ross MD: Effect of a 15-day pragmatic hamstring stretching program on hamstring flexibility and single hop for distance test performance. Res Sports Med, 2007, 15: 271–281. 27) Mahieu NN, Cools A, De Wilde B, et al.: Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on the plantar flexor muscle-tendon tissue properties. 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| References_xml | – reference: 14) Davis DS, Ashby PE, McCale KL, et al.: The effectiveness of 3 stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility using consistent stretching parameters. J Strength Cond Res, 2005, 19: 27–32. – reference: 23) Behm DG, Bambury A, Cahill F, et al.: Effect of acute static stretching on force, balance, reaction time, and movement time. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2004, 36: 1397–1402. – reference: 17) Bandy WD, Irion JM, Briggler M: The effect of time and frequency of static stretching on flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Phys Ther, 1997, 77: 1090–1096. – reference: 28) Lee GP, Ng GY: Effects of stretching and heat treatment on hamstring extensibility in children with severe mental retardation and hypertonia. Clin Rehabil, 2008, 22: 771–779. – reference: 8) Yuktasir B, Kaya F: Investigation into the long-term effects of static and PNF stretching exercises on range of motion and jump performance. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2009, 13: 11–21. – reference: 4) Hreljac A, Marshall RN, Hume PA: Evaluation of lower extremity overuse injury potential in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2000, 32: 1635–1641. – reference: 19) Knott M, Voss DE: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation: patterns and techniques. New York: Harper & Row, 1968. – reference: 11) Ross MD: Effect of a 15-day pragmatic hamstring stretching program on hamstring flexibility and single hop for distance test performance. Res Sports Med, 2007, 15: 271–281. – reference: 5) Safran MR, Seaber AV, Garrett WE Jr: Warm-up and muscular injury prevention. An update. Sports Med, 1989, 8: 239–249. – reference: 26) Ferber R, Osternig L, Gravelle D: Effect of PNF stretch techniques on knee flexor muscle EMG activity in older adults. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2002, 12: 391–397. – reference: 9) Sheard PW, Smith PM, Paine TJ: Athlete compliance to therapist requested contraction intensity during proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. 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| Title | Effects on Hamstring Muscle Extensibility, Muscle Activity, and Balance of Different Stretching Techniques |
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