Decreased SGK1 Expression and Function Contributes to Behavioral Deficits Induced by Traumatic Stress
Exposure to extreme stress can trigger the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the structural and functional alterations within corticolimbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amyg...
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| Published in | PLoS biology Vol. 13; no. 10; p. e1002282 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
01.10.2015
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1545-7885 1544-9173 1545-7885 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002282 |
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| Abstract | Exposure to extreme stress can trigger the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the structural and functional alterations within corticolimbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala of individuals subjected to traumatic stress, remain unknown. In this study, we show that serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) expression is down-regulated in the postmortem PFC of PTSD subjects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of SGK1 in the rat medial PFC results in helplessness- and anhedonic-like behaviors in rodent models. These behavioral changes are accompanied by abnormal dendritic spine morphology and synaptic dysfunction. Together, the results are consistent with the possibility that altered SGK1 signaling contributes to the behavioral and morphological phenotypes associated with traumatic stress pathophysiology. |
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| AbstractList |
Exposure to extreme stress can trigger the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the structural and functional alterations within corticolimbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala of individuals subjected to traumatic stress, remain unknown. In this study, we show that serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) expression is down-regulated in the postmortem PFC of PTSD subjects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of SGK1 in the rat medial PFC results in helplessness- and anhedonic-like behaviors in rodent models. These behavioral changes are accompanied by abnormal dendritic spine morphology and synaptic dysfunction. Together, the results are consistent with the possibility that altered SGK1 signaling contributes to the behavioral and morphological phenotypes associated with traumatic stress pathophysiology. Exposure to extreme stress can trigger the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the structural and functional alterations within corticolimbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala of individuals subjected to traumatic stress, remain unknown. In this study, we show that serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) expression is down-regulated in the postmortem PFC of PTSD subjects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of SGK1 in the rat medial PFC results in helplessness- and anhedonic-like behaviors in rodent models. These behavioral changes are accompanied by abnormal dendritic spine morphology and synaptic dysfunction. Together, the results are consistent with the possibility that altered SGK1 signaling contributes to the behavioral and morphological phenotypes associated with traumatic stress pathophysiology. experimentally decreasing SGK1 function in the prefrontal cortex of rats resulted in behaviors characteristic of traumatic stress, including the unwillingness to avoid discomfort and the inability to experience pleasure. Finally, reduced SGK1 function in neurons affected their basic electrophysiological properties and caused a decrease in the number of dendritic spines--the specialized protrusions of dendrites that receive synaptic inputs. Exposure to extreme stress can trigger the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the structural and functional alterations within corticolimbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala of individuals subjected to traumatic stress, remain unknown. In this study, we show that serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) expression is down-regulated in the postmortem PFC of PTSD subjects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of SGK1 in the rat medial PFC results in helplessness- and anhedonic-like behaviors in rodent models. These behavioral changes are accompanied by abnormal dendritic spine morphology and synaptic dysfunction. Together, the results are consistent with the possibility that altered SGK1 signaling contributes to the behavioral and morphological phenotypes associated with traumatic stress pathophysiology. Exposure to extreme stress can trigger the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the structural and functional alterations within corticolimbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala of individuals subjected to traumatic stress, remain unknown. In this study, we show that serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) expression is down-regulated in the postmortem PFC of PTSD subjects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of SGK1 in the rat medial PFC results in helplessness- and anhedonic-like behaviors in rodent models. These behavioral changes are accompanied by abnormal dendritic spine morphology and synaptic dysfunction. Together, the results are consistent with the possibility that altered SGK1 signaling contributes to the behavioral and morphological phenotypes associated with traumatic stress pathophysiology.Exposure to extreme stress can trigger the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the structural and functional alterations within corticolimbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala of individuals subjected to traumatic stress, remain unknown. In this study, we show that serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) expression is down-regulated in the postmortem PFC of PTSD subjects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of SGK1 in the rat medial PFC results in helplessness- and anhedonic-like behaviors in rodent models. These behavioral changes are accompanied by abnormal dendritic spine morphology and synaptic dysfunction. Together, the results are consistent with the possibility that altered SGK1 signaling contributes to the behavioral and morphological phenotypes associated with traumatic stress pathophysiology. Exposure to extreme stress can trigger the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the structural and functional alterations within corticolimbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala of individuals subjected to traumatic stress, remain unknown. In this study, we show that serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 ( SGK1 ) expression is down-regulated in the postmortem PFC of PTSD subjects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of SGK1 in the rat medial PFC results in helplessness- and anhedonic-like behaviors in rodent models. These behavioral changes are accompanied by abnormal dendritic spine morphology and synaptic dysfunction. Together, the results are consistent with the possibility that altered SGK1 signaling contributes to the behavioral and morphological phenotypes associated with traumatic stress pathophysiology. Activity of the protein kinase SGK1 is reduced in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and SGK1 inhibition can cause PTSD-related behavioral changes in an animal model. Improper functioning of the brain regions known as prefrontal cortex and amygdala is associated with the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie this condition. We found that the expression of a protein kinase involved in cellular responses to stress, known as serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), was decreased in the prefrontal cortex of subjects who had died with post-traumatic stress disorder. Furthermore, we found that experimentally decreasing SGK1 function in the prefrontal cortex of rats resulted in behaviors characteristic of traumatic stress, including the unwillingness to avoid discomfort and the inability to experience pleasure. Finally, reduced SGK1 function in neurons affected their basic electrophysiological properties and caused a decrease in the number of dendritic spines—the specialized protrusions of dendrites that receive synaptic inputs. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Licznerski, Pawel Alavian, Kambiz N. Jonas, Elizabeth A. Kang, Hyo Jung Banasr, Mounira Krystal, John H. Duman, Ronald S. Ota, Kristie T. Duric, Vanja Ursano, Robert |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, United States of America Emory University, UNITED STATES 7 VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America 8 Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America 4 Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom 6 Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America 1 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America 5 Department of Psychiatry and Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and for the Traumatic Stress Brain Study Group, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connectic |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 7 VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America – name: Emory University, UNITED STATES – name: 1 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America – name: 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America – name: 4 Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom – name: 5 Department of Psychiatry and Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and for the Traumatic Stress Brain Study Group, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America – name: 3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, United States of America – name: 6 Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America – name: 8 Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Pawel surname: Licznerski fullname: Licznerski, Pawel – sequence: 2 givenname: Vanja surname: Duric fullname: Duric, Vanja – sequence: 3 givenname: Mounira surname: Banasr fullname: Banasr, Mounira – sequence: 4 givenname: Kambiz N. surname: Alavian fullname: Alavian, Kambiz N. – sequence: 5 givenname: Kristie T. surname: Ota fullname: Ota, Kristie T. – sequence: 6 givenname: Hyo Jung surname: Kang fullname: Kang, Hyo Jung – sequence: 7 givenname: Elizabeth A. surname: Jonas fullname: Jonas, Elizabeth A. – sequence: 8 givenname: Robert surname: Ursano fullname: Ursano, Robert – sequence: 9 givenname: John H. surname: Krystal fullname: Krystal, John H. – sequence: 10 givenname: Ronald S. surname: Duman fullname: Duman, Ronald S. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26506154$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science 2015 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Licznerski P, Duric V, Banasr M, Alavian KN, Ota KT, Kang HJ, et al. (2015) Decreased SGK1 Expression and Function Contributes to Behavioral Deficits Induced by Traumatic Stress. PLoS Biol 13(10): e1002282. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002282 |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: PL RSD. Performed the experiments: PL VD MB KNA HJK. Analyzed the data: PL KTO KNA RSD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EAJ RU TSBSG. Wrote the paper: PL JHK RSD. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Membership of the Traumatic Stress Brain Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgments. |
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| Snippet | Exposure to extreme stress can trigger the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The molecular... Exposure to extreme stress can trigger the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The molecular... |
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| Title | Decreased SGK1 Expression and Function Contributes to Behavioral Deficits Induced by Traumatic Stress |
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