Health implications and safety of artificial sweeteners

• Published in: Medicinski pregled Vol. 78; no. 1-2; pp. 43 - 48
• Main Authors: Skocajic, Nikolina, Grujic-Letic, Nevena, Gligoric, Emilia, Teofilovic, Branislava
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 2025
• ISSN: 0025-8105; 1820-7383
• DOI: 10.2298/MPNS2502043S

Introduction. Non-nutritive sweeteners allow for the enjoyment of sweet-tasting foods with minimal calorie intake. Their growing popularity is driven by increased health awareness and efforts to reduce sugar consumption, particularly among individuals at higher risk of obesity and diabetes. Results. Artificial sweeteners vary in chemical structure and mechanisms of action, providing intense sweetness even at low concentrations. Their metabolism in the human body depends on the specific compound, and their safety is rigorously assessed by global regulatory agencies. While most are approved for use and considered safe within recommended intake levels, emerging data suggest potential long-term effects, including alternations in gut microbiota, impaired glucose metabolism, and increased risk of certain diseases. Despite these concerns, sugar substitutes play a significant role in modern nutrition by enabling reduced caloric intake without compromising taste. Conclusion. Continued research is essential to fully understand the health benefits and risks of non-nutritive sweeteners, supporting informed choices regarding their inclusion in everyday diets.