A Comparison Study of Canonical Correlation Analysis Based Methods for Detecting Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been widely used in the detection of the steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The standard CCA method, which uses sinusoidal signals as reference signals, was first proposed for SSVEP detection without calibratio...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 10; no. 10; p. e0140703
Main Authors Nakanishi, Masaki, Wang, Yijun, Wang, Yu-Te, Jung, Tzyy-Ping
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 19.10.2015
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0140703

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Abstract Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been widely used in the detection of the steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The standard CCA method, which uses sinusoidal signals as reference signals, was first proposed for SSVEP detection without calibration. However, the detection performance can be deteriorated by the interference from the spontaneous EEG activities. Recently, various extended methods have been developed to incorporate individual EEG calibration data in CCA to improve the detection performance. Although advantages of the extended CCA methods have been demonstrated in separate studies, a comprehensive comparison between these methods is still missing. This study performed a comparison of the existing CCA-based SSVEP detection methods using a 12-class SSVEP dataset recorded from 10 subjects in a simulated online BCI experiment. Classification accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR) were used for performance evaluation. The results suggest that individual calibration data can significantly improve the detection performance. Furthermore, the results showed that the combination method based on the standard CCA and the individual template based CCA (IT-CCA) achieved the highest performance.
AbstractList Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been widely used in the detection of the steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The standard CCA method, which uses sinusoidal signals as reference signals, was first proposed for SSVEP detection without calibration. However, the detection performance can be deteriorated by the interference from the spontaneous EEG activities. Recently, various extended methods have been developed to incorporate individual EEG calibration data in CCA to improve the detection performance. Although advantages of the extended CCA methods have been demonstrated in separate studies, a comprehensive comparison between these methods is still missing. This study performed a comparison of the existing CCA-based SSVEP detection methods using a 12-class SSVEP dataset recorded from 10 subjects in a simulated online BCI experiment. Classification accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR) were used for performance evaluation. The results suggest that individual calibration data can significantly improve the detection performance. Furthermore, the results showed that the combination method based on the standard CCA and the individual template based CCA (IT-CCA) achieved the highest performance.
Audience Academic
Author Nakanishi, Masaki
Jung, Tzyy-Ping
Wang, Yu-Te
Wang, Yijun
AuthorAffiliation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, CHINA
3 State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
2 Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
1 Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
– name: 1 Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
– name: 2 Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
– name: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, CHINA
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Masaki
  surname: Nakanishi
  fullname: Nakanishi, Masaki
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yijun
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Yijun
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Yu-Te
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Yu-Te
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Tzyy-Ping
  surname: Jung
  fullname: Jung, Tzyy-Ping
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26479067$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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2015 Nakanishi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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– notice: 2015 Nakanishi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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DocumentTitleAlternate CCA-Based Methods for Detecting SSVEPs
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceived and designed the experiments: MN YW Y-TW. Performed the experiments: MN Y-TW YW. Analyzed the data: MN YW. Wrote the paper: MN YW T-PJ.
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Snippet Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been widely used in the detection of the steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) in brain-computer interfaces...
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StartPage e0140703
SubjectTerms Adult
Algorithms
Analysis
Brain
Brain-Computer Interfaces
Calibration
Canonical correlation (Statistics)
Communication
Computer simulation
Correlation
Correlation analysis
Data processing
EEG
Electroencephalography
Engineering
Evoked potentials
Evoked Potentials, Visual
Female
Fourier transforms
Human-computer interface
Humans
Identification
Information transfer
Interfaces
Life assessment
Male
Medicine
Methods
Neurosciences
Performance evaluation
Reference signals
Signal processing
Statistics as Topic - methods
Steady state
Steady state theory
Studies
User training
Visual evoked potentials
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Title A Comparison Study of Canonical Correlation Analysis Based Methods for Detecting Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26479067
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