Maternal micronutrient supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affects morbidity and immune function of infants during the first 6 months of life
Background/Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation migh...
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| Published in | European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 64; no. 10; pp. 1072 - 1079 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.10.2010
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0954-3007 1476-5640 1476-5640 |
| DOI | 10.1038/ejcn.2010.115 |
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| Abstract | Background/Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation might affect the newborn's immune development. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation on the infant's morbidity and immune function during the first 6 months of life. Subjects/Methods: Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with β-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants (n=136) were followed up for 6 months. Results: Infants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 months. Maternal β-carotene supplementation had no effect on infants’ morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher interleukin-6 production (16% higher), and β-carotene supplementation leading to lower interferon-γ production (36% lower). Conclusions: This study shows that maternal supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affected the newborn's immune development in specific ways, but only maternal zinc supplementation significantly affected morbidity in the infants. Addition of zinc to routine iron and folic acid supplements for pregnant women could be an effective way to reduce diarrhoeal disease during the first 6 months of life, albeit at the expense of more episodes of cough. |
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| AbstractList | Background/Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation might affect the newborn's immune development. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation on the infant's morbidity and immune function during the first 6 months of life. Subjects/Methods: Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with β-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants (n = 136) were followed up for 6 months. Results: Infants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 months. Maternal β-carotene supplementation had no effect on infants' morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher interleukin-6 production (16% higher), and β-carotene supplementation leading to lower interferon-g production (36% lower). Conclusions: This study shows that maternal supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affected the newborn's immune development in specific ways, but only maternal zinc supplementation significantly affected morbidity in the infants. Addition of zinc to routine iron and folic acid supplements for pregnant women could be an effective way to reduce diarrhoeal disease during the first 6 months of life, albeit at the expense of more episodes of cough. European journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64,1072-1079; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.115; published online 4 August 2010 Keywords: infant; vitamin A; deficiency; zinc; pregnancy; cytokine Subjects/Methods: Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with β-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants (n = 136) were followed up for 6 months. Results: Infants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 months. Maternal β-carotene supplementation had no effect on infants' morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher interleukin-6 production (16% higher), and β-carotene supplementation leading to lower interferon-g production (36% lower). European journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64,1072-1079; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.115; published online 4 August 2010 Background/Objectives. Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation might affect the newborn's immune development. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation on the infant's morbidity and immune function during the first 6 mo of life. Subjects/Methods. Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with β-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomised, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants (n=136) were followed for six months. Results. Infants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively) but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 mo. Maternal β-carotene supplementation had no effect on infants' morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher IL-6 production (16% higher), and β-carotene supplementation leading to lower IFN-γ production (36% lower). Conclusions. This study shows that maternal supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affected the newborn's immune development in specific ways, but only maternal zinc supplementation significantly affected morbidity in the infants. Addition of zinc to routine iron and folic acid supplements for pregnant women could be an effective way to reduce diarrheal disease during the first 6 mo of life albeit at the expense of more episodes of cough. Background/Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation might affect the newborn's immune development. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation on the infant's morbidity and immune function during the first 6 months of life. Subjects/Methods: Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with β-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants (n=136) were followed up for 6 months. Results: Infants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 months. Maternal β-carotene supplementation had no effect on infants’ morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher interleukin-6 production (16% higher), and β-carotene supplementation leading to lower interferon-γ production (36% lower). Conclusions: This study shows that maternal supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affected the newborn's immune development in specific ways, but only maternal zinc supplementation significantly affected morbidity in the infants. Addition of zinc to routine iron and folic acid supplements for pregnant women could be an effective way to reduce diarrhoeal disease during the first 6 months of life, albeit at the expense of more episodes of cough. Background/Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation might affect the newborn's immune development. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation on the infant's morbidity and immune function during the first 6 months of life. Subjects/Methods: Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with β-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants ( n =136) were followed up for 6 months. Results: Infants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 months. Maternal β-carotene supplementation had no effect on infants’ morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher interleukin-6 production (16% higher), and β-carotene supplementation leading to lower interferon-γ production (36% lower). Conclusions: This study shows that maternal supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affected the newborn's immune development in specific ways, but only maternal zinc supplementation significantly affected morbidity in the infants. Addition of zinc to routine iron and folic acid supplements for pregnant women could be an effective way to reduce diarrhoeal disease during the first 6 months of life, albeit at the expense of more episodes of cough. Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation might affect the newborn's immune development. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation on the infant's morbidity and immune function during the first 6 months of life.BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESMicronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation might affect the newborn's immune development. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation on the infant's morbidity and immune function during the first 6 months of life.Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with β-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants (n=136) were followed up for 6 months.SUBJECTS/METHODSMothers were supplemented during pregnancy with β-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants (n=136) were followed up for 6 months.Infants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 months. Maternal β-carotene supplementation had no effect on infants' morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher interleukin-6 production (16% higher), and β-carotene supplementation leading to lower interferon-γ production (36% lower).RESULTSInfants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 months. Maternal β-carotene supplementation had no effect on infants' morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher interleukin-6 production (16% higher), and β-carotene supplementation leading to lower interferon-γ production (36% lower).This study shows that maternal supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affected the newborn's immune development in specific ways, but only maternal zinc supplementation significantly affected morbidity in the infants. Addition of zinc to routine iron and folic acid supplements for pregnant women could be an effective way to reduce diarrhoeal disease during the first 6 months of life, albeit at the expense of more episodes of cough.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that maternal supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affected the newborn's immune development in specific ways, but only maternal zinc supplementation significantly affected morbidity in the infants. Addition of zinc to routine iron and folic acid supplements for pregnant women could be an effective way to reduce diarrhoeal disease during the first 6 months of life, albeit at the expense of more episodes of cough. Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation might affect the newborn's immune development. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation on the infant's morbidity and immune function during the first 6 months of life. Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with β-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants (n=136) were followed up for 6 months. Infants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 months. Maternal β-carotene supplementation had no effect on infants' morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and β-carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher interleukin-6 production (16% higher), and β-carotene supplementation leading to lower interferon-γ production (36% lower). This study shows that maternal supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affected the newborn's immune development in specific ways, but only maternal zinc supplementation significantly affected morbidity in the infants. Addition of zinc to routine iron and folic acid supplements for pregnant women could be an effective way to reduce diarrhoeal disease during the first 6 months of life, albeit at the expense of more episodes of cough. Background/ Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation might affect the newborn's immune development. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maternal zinc and beta -carotene supplementation on the infant's morbidity and immune function during the first 6 months of life.Subjects/ Methods: Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with beta -carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants (n=136) were followed up for 6 months. Results: Infants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 months. Maternal beta -carotene supplementation had no effect on infants' morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and beta -carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher interleukin-6 production (16% higher), and beta -carotene supplementation leading to lower interferon- gamma production (36% lower). Conclusions: This study shows that maternal supplementation with zinc and beta -carotene affected the newborn's immune development in specific ways, but only maternal zinc supplementation significantly affected morbidity in the infants. Addition of zinc to routine iron and folic acid supplements for pregnant women could be an effective way to reduce diarrhoeal disease during the first 6 months of life, albeit at the expense of more episodes of cough. Background/Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation might affect the newborn's immune development. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maternal zinc and beta-carotene supplementation on the infant's morbidity and immune function during the first 6 months of life. Subjects/Methods: Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with beta-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants (n = 136) were followed up for 6 months. Results: Infants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 months. Maternal beta-carotene supplementation had no effect on infants' morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and beta-carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher interleukin-6 production (16% higher), and beta-carotene supplementation leading to lower interferon-g production (36% lower). Conclusions: This study shows that maternal supplementation with zinc and beta-carotene affected the newborn's immune development in specific ways, but only maternal zinc supplementation significantly affected morbidity in the infants. Addition of zinc to routine iron and folic acid supplements for pregnant women could be an effective way to reduce diarrhoeal disease during the first 6 months of life, albeit at the expense of more episodes of cough. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64, 1072-1079; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.115; published online 4 August 2010 |
| Audience | Professional Academic |
| Author | Meer, J.W.M. van der Wieringa, F.T Dijkhuizen, M.A Muhilal |
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| Copyright | Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010 2015 INIST-CNRS COPYRIGHT 2010 Nature Publishing Group Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Wageningen University & Research |
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| Keywords | cytokine vitamin A deficiency infant zinc pregnancy Human Carotene Deficiency Vitamin Cytokine Metabolic diseases Infant Epidemiology Immunity Morbidity Zinc Retinol Pregnancy Micronutrient Mother Supplementation immune interferon morbidity interleukin-6 |
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| References_xml | – volume: 72 start-page: 1516 year: 2000 end-page: 1522 ident: CR5 article-title: Therapeutic effects of oral zinc in acute and persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.1093/ajcn/72.6.1516 – volume: 80 start-page: 1299 year: 2004 end-page: 1307 ident: CR9 article-title: Zinc plus beta-carotene supplementation of pregnant women is superior to beta-carotene supplementation alone in improving vitamin A status in both mothers and infants publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1299 – volume: 81 start-page: 454 year: 2005 end-page: 460 ident: CR16 article-title: Effect of postpartum maternal or neonatal vitamin A supplementation on infant mortality among infants born to HIV-negative mothers in Zimbabwe publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.1093/ajcn.81.2.454 – volume: 32 start-page: 822 year: 2003 end-page: 828 ident: CR4 article-title: Hypothesis: Vitamin A supplementation and childhood mortality: amplification of the non-specific effects of vaccines? publication-title: Int J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/ije/dyg208 – volume: 102 start-page: 146 year: 2008 end-page: 154 ident: CR11 article-title: Prenatal exposures to persistent and non-persistent organic compounds and effects on immune system development publication-title: Basic Clin Pharmacol Tox doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00190.x – volume: 73 start-page: 786 year: 2001 end-page: 791 ident: CR8 article-title: Concurrent micronutrient deficiencies in lactating mothers and their infants in Indonesia publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr – volume: 120 start-page: 1474 issue: Suppl 11 year: 1990 end-page: 1479 ident: CR13 article-title: Assessment of zinc status publication-title: J Nutr doi: 10.1093/jn/120.suppl_11.1474 – volume: 83 start-page: 693 year: 2006 end-page: 700 ident: CR15 article-title: A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mexico publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.1093/ajcn.83.3.693 – volume: 357 start-page: 1080 year: 2001 end-page: 1085 ident: CR17 article-title: Zinc supplementation during pregnancy and effects on growth and morbidity in low birthweight infants: a randomized placebo-controlled trial publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04260-4 – volume: 58 start-page: 1498 year: 2004 end-page: 1504 ident: CR31 article-title: Reduced production of immunoregulatory cytokines in vitamin A- and zinc-deficient Indonesian infants publication-title: Eur J Clin Nutr doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601998 – volume: 531 start-page: 369 year: 2003 end-page: 377 ident: CR30 article-title: Micronutrient deficiency and supplementation in Indonesian infants. 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start-page: 1037 year: 2007 end-page: 1042 ident: CR18 article-title: Zinc supplementation of pregnant rats with adequate zinc nutriture suppresses immune functions in their offspring publication-title: J Nutr doi: 10.1093/jn/137.4.1037 – volume: 180 start-page: 1834 year: 2008 end-page: 1842 ident: CR22 article-title: Vitamin a deficiency decreases and high dietary vitamin A increases disease severity in the mouse model of asthma publication-title: J Immun doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1834 – volume: 338 start-page: 1453 year: 1991 end-page: 1454 ident: CR10 article-title: Who Guidelines on Detecting Pneumonia in Children publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92751-M – volume: 88 start-page: 154 year: 2008 end-page: 160 ident: CR12 article-title: Maternal zinc supplementation and growth in Peruvian infants publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.154 – volume: 102 start-page: 1 year: 1998 end-page: 5 ident: CR20 article-title: Zinc supplementation reduces 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| Snippet | Background/Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients... Background/Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients... Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might... Subjects/Methods: Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with β-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind... Background/Objectives:Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients... Background/ Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients... Background/Objectives. Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients... |
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| SubjectTerms | 631/250/262 692/700/459/1994 692/700/565/2194 administration & dosage adverse effects Beta carotene beta Carotene - administration & dosage beta Carotene - adverse effects Biological and medical sciences biosynthesis blood Carotene children Clinical Nutrition Clinical trials correlation Cough Cough - epidemiology Cytokines deficiency Deficiency Diseases Deficiency Diseases - prevention & control Demographic aspects Diarrhea Diarrhea, Infantile Diarrhea, Infantile - epidemiology Dietary Supplements Dietary Supplements - adverse effects disease incidence double-blind Double-Blind Method Epidemiology Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Folic acid Follow-Up Studies Food and nutrition Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Health aspects Humans Immune response Immune system Immune System - physiology Immunity, Cellular Indonesia Indonesia - epidemiology indonesian infants Infant Infant mortality Infant, Newborn Infants Infants (Newborn) Interferon Interferon-gamma Interferon-gamma - biosynthesis Interferon-gamma - blood Interleukin 6 Interleukin-6 - biosynthesis Interleukin-6 - blood Internal Medicine Iron low-birth-weight Male maternal nutrition Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Micronutrients Micronutrients - administration & dosage Micronutrients - adverse effects Micronutrients - deficiency Morbidity mortality Neonates Newborn babies nutrient deficiencies original-article physiology placebo-controlled trial postpartum period Pregnancy pregnant-women prevention & control protective effect Public Health randomized-trial Supplements Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems vitamin-a supplementation vitamin-mineral supplements Zinc Zinc - administration & dosage Zinc - adverse effects Zinc in the body β-Carotene γ-Interferon |
| Title | Maternal micronutrient supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affects morbidity and immune function of infants during the first 6 months of life |
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