Effects of Antiepileptics on Lateral Geniculate Nucleus–Kindled Seizures in Rats
The present study was undertaken to clarify the characteristics of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) kindling in rats, especially the efficacies of antiepileptics, in comparison with those of amygdala (AMG) kindling. Daily electrical stimulation of the LGN led to the development of a generalized conv...
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| Published in | Journal of Pharmacological Sciences Vol. 109; no. 4; pp. 540 - 545 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
Elsevier B.V
2009
The Japanese Pharmacological Society Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1347-8613 1347-8648 |
| DOI | 10.1254/jphs.08289FP |
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| Abstract | The present study was undertaken to clarify the characteristics of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) kindling in rats, especially the efficacies of antiepileptics, in comparison with those of amygdala (AMG) kindling. Daily electrical stimulation of the LGN led to the development of a generalized convulsion (kangaroo posture and falling back) in all subjects, similar to AMG kindling. The kindling response of the LGN differed from that of the AMG in a number of respects, that is, a high after-discharge (AD) threshold, a large number of stimulations for completion of kindling, and a different pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) development. On the other hand, the oral administration of sodium valproate, carbamazepine, clobazam, or zonisamide caused dose-dependent inhibitions of both seizure stage and AD duration of LGN-kindled seizures, whereas ethosuximide had no significant effects. In addition, seizure stage was more potently inhibited than AD duration by these antiepileptics, particularly with clobazam. In conclusion, LGN kindling possesses characteristics that are different from AMG kindling. In addition, it was demonstrated that LGN kindling is a useful model, similar to other types of limbic system kindling, for the evaluation of antiepileptics. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract. The present study was undertaken to clarify the characteristics of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) kindling in rats, especially the efficacies of antiepileptics, in comparison with those of amygdala (AMG) kindling. Daily electrical stimulation of the LGN led to the development of a generalized convulsion (kangaroo posture and falling back) in all subjects, similar to AMG kindling. The kindling response of the LGN differed from that of the AMG in a number of respects, that is, a high after-discharge (AD) threshold, a large number of stimulations for completion of kindling, and a different pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) development. On the other hand, the oral administration of sodium valproate, carbamazepine, clobazam, or zonisamide caused dose-dependent inhibitions of both seizure stage and AD duration of LGN-kindled seizures, whereas ethosuximide had no significant effects. In addition, seizure stage was more potently inhibited than AD duration by these antiepileptics, particularly with clobazam. In conclusion, LGN kindling possesses characteristics that are different from AMG kindling. In addition, it was demonstrated that LGN kindling is a useful model, similar to other types of limbic system kindling, for the evaluation of antiepileptics. The present study was undertaken to clarify the characteristics of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) kindling in rats, especially the efficacies of antiepileptics, in comparison with those of amygdala (AMG) kindling. Daily electrical stimulation of the LGN led to the development of a generalized convulsion (kangaroo posture and falling back) in all subjects, similar to AMG kindling. The kindling response of the LGN differed from that of the AMG in a number of respects, that is, a high after-discharge (AD) threshold, a large number of stimulations for completion of kindling, and a different pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) development. On the other hand, the oral administration of sodium valproate, carbamazepine, clobazam, or zonisamide caused dose-dependent inhibitions of both seizure stage and AD duration of LGN-kindled seizures, whereas ethosuximide had no significant effects. In addition, seizure stage was more potently inhibited than AD duration by these antiepileptics, particularly with clobazam. In conclusion, LGN kindling possesses characteristics that are different from AMG kindling. In addition, it was demonstrated that LGN kindling is a useful model, similar to other types of limbic system kindling, for the evaluation of antiepileptics.The present study was undertaken to clarify the characteristics of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) kindling in rats, especially the efficacies of antiepileptics, in comparison with those of amygdala (AMG) kindling. Daily electrical stimulation of the LGN led to the development of a generalized convulsion (kangaroo posture and falling back) in all subjects, similar to AMG kindling. The kindling response of the LGN differed from that of the AMG in a number of respects, that is, a high after-discharge (AD) threshold, a large number of stimulations for completion of kindling, and a different pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) development. On the other hand, the oral administration of sodium valproate, carbamazepine, clobazam, or zonisamide caused dose-dependent inhibitions of both seizure stage and AD duration of LGN-kindled seizures, whereas ethosuximide had no significant effects. In addition, seizure stage was more potently inhibited than AD duration by these antiepileptics, particularly with clobazam. In conclusion, LGN kindling possesses characteristics that are different from AMG kindling. In addition, it was demonstrated that LGN kindling is a useful model, similar to other types of limbic system kindling, for the evaluation of antiepileptics. The present study was undertaken to clarify the characteristics of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) kindling in rats, especially the efficacies of antiepileptics, in comparison with those of amygdala (AMG) kindling. Daily electrical stimulation of the LGN led to the development of a generalized convulsion (kangaroo posture and falling back) in all subjects, similar to AMG kindling. The kindling response of the LGN differed from that of the AMG in a number of respects, that is, a high after-discharge (AD) threshold, a large number of stimulations for completion of kindling, and a different pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) development. On the other hand, the oral administration of sodium valproate, carbamazepine, clobazam, or zonisamide caused dose-dependent inhibitions of both seizure stage and AD duration of LGN-kindled seizures, whereas ethosuximide had no significant effects. In addition, seizure stage was more potently inhibited than AD duration by these antiepileptics, particularly with clobazam. In conclusion, LGN kindling possesses characteristics that are different from AMG kindling. In addition, it was demonstrated that LGN kindling is a useful model, similar to other types of limbic system kindling, for the evaluation of antiepileptics. The present study was undertaken to clarify the characteristics of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) kindling in rats, especially the efficacies of antiepileptics, in comparison with those of amygdala (AMG) kindling. Daily electrical stimulation of the LGN led to the development of a generalized convulsion (kangaroo posture and falling back) in all subjects, similar to AMG kindling. The kindling response of the LGN differed from that of the AMG in a number of respects, that is, a high after-discharge (AD) threshold, a large number of stimulations for completion of kindling, and a different pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) development. On the other hand, the oral administration of sodium valproate, carbamazepine, clobazam, or zonisamide caused dose-dependent inhibitions of both seizure stage and AD duration of LGN-kindled seizures, whereas ethosuximide had no significant effects. In addition, seizure stage was more potently inhibited than AD duration by these antiepileptics, particularly with clobazam. In conclusion, LGN kindling possesses characteristics that are different from AMG kindling. In addition, it was demonstrated that LGN kindling is a useful model, similar to other types of limbic system kindling, for the evaluation of antiepileptics. Keywords:: lateral geniculate nucleus, amygdala, kindling, antiepileptic |
| Author | Kamei, Chiaki Takechi, Kenshi Fujiwara, Akinori Ishikawa, Takashi |
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| Keywords | antiepileptic amygdala lateral geniculate nucleus kindling |
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| References | 9 Kastner S, Schneider KA, Wunderlich K. Beyond a relay nucleus: neuroimaging views on the human LGN. Prog Brain Res. 2006;155:125–143. 27 Albright PS, Burnham WM. Development of a new pharmacological seizure model: effects of anticonvulsants on cortical- and amygdala-kindled seizures in the rat. Epilepsia. 1980;21:681–689. 17 Paxinos G, Watson C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. 6th ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2007. 19 Racine RJ. Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation. II. Motor seizure. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1972;32:28l–294. 3 Cain DP. Kindling in sensory systems: thalamus. Exp Neurol. 1979;66:319–329. 12 Avanzini G, de Curtis M, Marescaux C, Panzica F, Spreafico R, Vergnes M. Role of the thalamic reticular nucleus in the generation of rhythmic thalamo-cortical activities subserving spike and waves. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1992;35:85–95. 13 Ishikawa T, Fujiwara A, Takechi K, Ago J, Matsumoto N, Rahman MA, et al. Changes of visual evoked potential induced by lateral geniculate nucleus kindling in rats. Epilepsy Res. 2008;79:146–150. 7 Wada Y, Minabe Y, Okuda H, Jibiki I, Yoshida K, Yamaguchi N. Lateral geniculate kindling and long-lasting photosensitivity in cats. Exp Neurol. 1986;91:343–354. 29 Gilbert TH, Corley SM, Teskey GC. Conventional anticonvulsant drugs in the guinea pig kindling model of partial seizures: effects of acute Phenobarbital, valproate, and ethosuximide. Exp Brain Res. 2002;146:336–344. 4 Pinel JPJ. Kindling-induced experimental epilepsy in rats: cortical stimulation. Exp Neurol. 1981;72:559–569. 10 Steriade M, McCormick DA, Sejnowski TJ. Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain. Science. 1993;262:679–685. 16 Takechi K, Ishikawa T, Kamei C. Epileptogenic activity induced by teicoplanin and effects of some antiepileptics in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2008;107:428–433. 21 Matsumoto N, Ishikawa T, Ago J, Rahman MA, Kamei C. Effects of some antiepileptics on septal-kindled seizures in rats. Epilepsy Res. 2006;72:120–126. 14 Ishikawa T, Takechi K, Rahman MA, Ago J, Matsumoto N, Murakami A, et al. Influences of histamine H1 receptor antagonists on maximal electroshock seizure in infant rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30:477–480. 22 Morimoto K, Fahnestock M, Racine RJ. Kindling and status epilepticus models of epilepsy: rewiring the brain. Prog Neurobiol. 2004;73:1–60. 1 Goddard GV, McIntyre DC, Leech CK. A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation. Exp Neurol. 1969;25:295–330. 5 Baba H. Facilitatory effects of intermittent photic stimulation on visual cortical kindling. Epilepsia. 1982;23:663–670. 23 Hirayasu Y, Wada JA. N-Methyl-D-aspartate injection into the massa intermedia facilitates development of limbic kindling in rats. Epilepsia. 1992;33:965–970. 18 Ago J, Ishikawa T, Matsumoto N, Rahman MA, Kamei C. Epileptiformic activity induced by antidepressants in amygdala-kindled rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;560:23–28. 11 von Krosigk M, Bal T, McCormick DA. Cellular mechanisms of a synchronized oscillation in the thalamus. Science. 1993;261:361–364. 26 Wada JA, Osawa T, Sato M, Wake A. Corcoran ME, Troupin AS. Acute anticonvulsant effects of diphenylhydantoin, Phenobarbital, and carbamazepine: a combined electroclinical ands serum level study in amygdaloid kindled cats and baboons. Epilepsia. 1976;17:77–88. 24 Bertram EH, Mangan PS, Zhang D, Scott CA, Williamson JM. The midline thalamus: alterations and a potential role in limbic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2001;42:967–978. 15 Murakami A, Watanabe Y, Takechi K, Fujiwara A, Kamei C. Effects of various antiepileptics on behavioral and electroencephalographic seizures induced by maximal electroshock in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2008;106:78–83. 28 Aihara H, Araki H, Ohzeki M. Hippocampal kindling and effects of antiepileptic drugs. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1982;32:37–45. 2 Racine R. Kindling: the first decade. Neurosurgery. 1978;3:234–252. 25 Morison RS, Dempsey EW. Mechanism of thalamocortical augmentation and repetition. Am J Physiol. 1943;138:297–308. 6 Shouse MN, Ryan W. Thalamic kindling: electrical stimulation of the lateral geniculate nucleus produces photosensitive grand mal seizures. Exp Neurol. 1984;86:18–32. 8 Martin PR. Colour through the thalamus. Clin Exp Optom. 2004;87:249–257. 20 Kamei C, Oka M, Masuda Y, Yoshida K, Shimizu M. Effects of 3-sulfamoyl-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazole (AD-810) and some antiepileptics on the kindled seizures in the neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala in rats. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1981;249:164–176. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21 |
| References_xml | – reference: 25 Morison RS, Dempsey EW. Mechanism of thalamocortical augmentation and repetition. Am J Physiol. 1943;138:297–308. – reference: 26 Wada JA, Osawa T, Sato M, Wake A. Corcoran ME, Troupin AS. Acute anticonvulsant effects of diphenylhydantoin, Phenobarbital, and carbamazepine: a combined electroclinical ands serum level study in amygdaloid kindled cats and baboons. Epilepsia. 1976;17:77–88. – reference: 3 Cain DP. Kindling in sensory systems: thalamus. Exp Neurol. 1979;66:319–329. – reference: 27 Albright PS, Burnham WM. Development of a new pharmacological seizure model: effects of anticonvulsants on cortical- and amygdala-kindled seizures in the rat. Epilepsia. 1980;21:681–689. – reference: 28 Aihara H, Araki H, Ohzeki M. Hippocampal kindling and effects of antiepileptic drugs. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1982;32:37–45. – reference: 11 von Krosigk M, Bal T, McCormick DA. Cellular mechanisms of a synchronized oscillation in the thalamus. Science. 1993;261:361–364. – reference: 15 Murakami A, Watanabe Y, Takechi K, Fujiwara A, Kamei C. Effects of various antiepileptics on behavioral and electroencephalographic seizures induced by maximal electroshock in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2008;106:78–83. – reference: 14 Ishikawa T, Takechi K, Rahman MA, Ago J, Matsumoto N, Murakami A, et al. Influences of histamine H1 receptor antagonists on maximal electroshock seizure in infant rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30:477–480. – reference: 9 Kastner S, Schneider KA, Wunderlich K. Beyond a relay nucleus: neuroimaging views on the human LGN. Prog Brain Res. 2006;155:125–143. – reference: 10 Steriade M, McCormick DA, Sejnowski TJ. Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain. Science. 1993;262:679–685. – reference: 24 Bertram EH, Mangan PS, Zhang D, Scott CA, Williamson JM. The midline thalamus: alterations and a potential role in limbic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2001;42:967–978. – reference: 29 Gilbert TH, Corley SM, Teskey GC. Conventional anticonvulsant drugs in the guinea pig kindling model of partial seizures: effects of acute Phenobarbital, valproate, and ethosuximide. Exp Brain Res. 2002;146:336–344. – reference: 4 Pinel JPJ. Kindling-induced experimental epilepsy in rats: cortical stimulation. Exp Neurol. 1981;72:559–569. – reference: 13 Ishikawa T, Fujiwara A, Takechi K, Ago J, Matsumoto N, Rahman MA, et al. Changes of visual evoked potential induced by lateral geniculate nucleus kindling in rats. Epilepsy Res. 2008;79:146–150. – reference: 8 Martin PR. Colour through the thalamus. Clin Exp Optom. 2004;87:249–257. – reference: 12 Avanzini G, de Curtis M, Marescaux C, Panzica F, Spreafico R, Vergnes M. Role of the thalamic reticular nucleus in the generation of rhythmic thalamo-cortical activities subserving spike and waves. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1992;35:85–95. – reference: 20 Kamei C, Oka M, Masuda Y, Yoshida K, Shimizu M. Effects of 3-sulfamoyl-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazole (AD-810) and some antiepileptics on the kindled seizures in the neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala in rats. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1981;249:164–176. – reference: 19 Racine RJ. Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation. II. Motor seizure. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1972;32:28l–294. – reference: 23 Hirayasu Y, Wada JA. N-Methyl-D-aspartate injection into the massa intermedia facilitates development of limbic kindling in rats. Epilepsia. 1992;33:965–970. – reference: 22 Morimoto K, Fahnestock M, Racine RJ. Kindling and status epilepticus models of epilepsy: rewiring the brain. Prog Neurobiol. 2004;73:1–60. – reference: 5 Baba H. Facilitatory effects of intermittent photic stimulation on visual cortical kindling. Epilepsia. 1982;23:663–670. – reference: 18 Ago J, Ishikawa T, Matsumoto N, Rahman MA, Kamei C. Epileptiformic activity induced by antidepressants in amygdala-kindled rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;560:23–28. – reference: 16 Takechi K, Ishikawa T, Kamei C. Epileptogenic activity induced by teicoplanin and effects of some antiepileptics in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2008;107:428–433. – reference: 7 Wada Y, Minabe Y, Okuda H, Jibiki I, Yoshida K, Yamaguchi N. Lateral geniculate kindling and long-lasting photosensitivity in cats. Exp Neurol. 1986;91:343–354. – reference: 6 Shouse MN, Ryan W. Thalamic kindling: electrical stimulation of the lateral geniculate nucleus produces photosensitive grand mal seizures. Exp Neurol. 1984;86:18–32. – reference: 1 Goddard GV, McIntyre DC, Leech CK. A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation. Exp Neurol. 1969;25:295–330. – reference: 21 Matsumoto N, Ishikawa T, Ago J, Rahman MA, Kamei C. Effects of some antiepileptics on septal-kindled seizures in rats. Epilepsy Res. 2006;72:120–126. – reference: 2 Racine R. Kindling: the first decade. 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| SubjectTerms | amygdala Animals Anticonvulsants - pharmacology antiepileptic Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Electroencephalography - drug effects Electrophysiology Geniculate Bodies - drug effects kindling Kindling, Neurologic - drug effects lateral geniculate nucleus Male Rats Rats, Wistar Seizures - chemically induced |
| Title | Effects of Antiepileptics on Lateral Geniculate Nucleus–Kindled Seizures in Rats |
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