Risk of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Men Who Have Sex with Men: Lessons Learned from an Outbreak in Germany, 2012—2013
We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012-2013 to better understand meningococcal transmission and IMD risk in MSM. We retrospectively searched for further IMD cases in MSM in Germany through local he...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 11; no. 8; p. e0160126 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
03.08.2016
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0160126 |
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| Abstract | We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012-2013 to better understand meningococcal transmission and IMD risk in MSM.
We retrospectively searched for further IMD cases in MSM in Germany through local health departments and undertook exploratory interviews. We performed antigen sequence typing, characterized fHbp and aniA genes of strains with the outbreak finetype and reviewed epidemiologically or spatiotemporally linked cases from 2002-2014.
Among the 148 IMD-cases notified from 01.01.2012-30.09.2013 in 18-59 year-old men we identified 13 MSM in 6 federal states: 11 serogroup C (MenC, all finetype C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6), 2 MenB. Interviews with 7 MSM revealed frequent meeting of multiple partners online or via mobile apps and illicit drug use as potential risk factors. MenC incidence was 13-fold higher in MSM than non-MSM. MenC isolates from 9/11 MSM had a novel fHbp allele 766. All C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains from MSM versus 16/23 from non-MSM had intact aniA genes (p = 0.04). Although definitive evidence for transmission among MSM in epidemiological or spatiotemporal clusters in 2002-2014 was lacking, clusters were more frequent in men aged 20-49 years. Molecular analysis of C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains revealed cases with intact aniA since 2007, mainly associated with fHbp361, fHbp766 and fHbp813, all involving one or more MSM.
MenC incidence was elevated in MSM during the study period. Multiple casual sexual contacts and illicit drug use were common in affected MSM. In all strains from MSM we detected an intact aniA gene coding for a nitrite reductase, which permits survival in microanaerobic environments and could play a role in meningococcal transmission in MSM through urogenital colonization. Furthermore, meningococcal transmission among MSM may be sustained over large areas and thus require modified spatiotemporal scanning algorithms for timely detection and control. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background
We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012–2013 to better understand meningococcal transmission and IMD risk in MSM.
Methods
We retrospectively searched for further IMD cases in MSM in Germany through local health departments and undertook exploratory interviews. We performed antigen sequence typing, characterized fHbp and aniA genes of strains with the outbreak finetype and reviewed epidemiologically or spatiotemporally linked cases from 2002–2014.
Results
Among the 148 IMD-cases notified from 01.01.2012–30.09.2013 in 18–59 year-old men we identified 13 MSM in 6 federal states: 11 serogroup C (MenC, all finetype C:P1.5–1,10–8:F3-6), 2 MenB. Interviews with 7 MSM revealed frequent meeting of multiple partners online or via mobile apps and illicit drug use as potential risk factors. MenC incidence was 13-fold higher in MSM than non-MSM. MenC isolates from 9/11 MSM had a novel fHbp allele 766. All C:P1.5–1,10–8:F3-6 strains from MSM versus 16/23 from non-MSM had intact aniA genes (p = 0.04). Although definitive evidence for transmission among MSM in epidemiological or spatiotemporal clusters in 2002–2014 was lacking, clusters were more frequent in men aged 20–49 years. Molecular analysis of C:P1.5–1,10–8:F3-6 strains revealed cases with intact aniA since 2007, mainly associated with fHbp 361, fHbp 766 and fHbp 813, all involving one or more MSM.
Conclusions
MenC incidence was elevated in MSM during the study period. Multiple casual sexual contacts and illicit drug use were common in affected MSM. In all strains from MSM we detected an intact aniA gene coding for a nitrite reductase, which permits survival in microanaerobic environments and could play a role in meningococcal transmission in MSM through urogenital colonization. Furthermore, meningococcal transmission among MSM may be sustained over large areas and thus require modified spatiotemporal scanning algorithms for timely detection and control. Background We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012-2013 to better understand meningococcal transmission and IMD risk in MSM. Methods We retrospectively searched for further IMD cases in MSM in Germany through local health departments and undertook exploratory interviews. We performed antigen sequence typing, characterized fHbp and aniA genes of strains with the outbreak finetype and reviewed epidemiologically or spatiotemporally linked cases from 2002-2014. Results Among the 148 IMD-cases notified from 01.01.2012-30.09.2013 in 18-59 year-old men we identified 13 MSM in 6 federal states: 11 serogroup C (MenC, all finetype C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6), 2 MenB. Interviews with 7 MSM revealed frequent meeting of multiple partners online or via mobile apps and illicit drug use as potential risk factors. MenC incidence was 13-fold higher in MSM than non-MSM. MenC isolates from 9/11 MSM had a novel fHbp allele 766. All C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains from MSM versus 16/23 from non-MSM had intact aniA genes (p = 0.04). Although definitive evidence for transmission among MSM in epidemiological or spatiotemporal clusters in 2002-2014 was lacking, clusters were more frequent in men aged 20-49 years. Molecular analysis of C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains revealed cases with intact aniA since 2007, mainly associated with fHbp361, fHbp766 and fHbp813, all involving one or more MSM. Conclusions MenC incidence was elevated in MSM during the study period. Multiple casual sexual contacts and illicit drug use were common in affected MSM. In all strains from MSM we detected an intact aniA gene coding for a nitrite reductase, which permits survival in microanaerobic environments and could play a role in meningococcal transmission in MSM through urogenital colonization. Furthermore, meningococcal transmission among MSM may be sustained over large areas and thus require modified spatiotemporal scanning algorithms for timely detection and control. We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012-2013 to better understand meningococcal transmission and IMD risk in MSM.We retrospectively searched for further IMD cases in MSM in Germany through local health departments and undertook exploratory interviews. We performed antigen sequence typing, characterized fHbp and aniA genes of strains with the outbreak finetype and reviewed epidemiologically or spatiotemporally linked cases from 2002-2014.Among the 148 IMD-cases notified from 01.01.2012-30.09.2013 in 18-59 year-old men we identified 13 MSM in 6 federal states: 11 serogroup C (MenC, all finetype C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6), 2 MenB. Interviews with 7 MSM revealed frequent meeting of multiple partners online or via mobile apps and illicit drug use as potential risk factors. MenC incidence was 13-fold higher in MSM than non-MSM. MenC isolates from 9/11 MSM had a novel fHbp allele 766. All C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains from MSM versus 16/23 from non-MSM had intact aniA genes (p = 0.04). Although definitive evidence for transmission among MSM in epidemiological or spatiotemporal clusters in 2002-2014 was lacking, clusters were more frequent in men aged 20-49 years. Molecular analysis of C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains revealed cases with intact aniA since 2007, mainly associated with fHbp361, fHbp766 and fHbp813, all involving one or more MSM.MenC incidence was elevated in MSM during the study period. Multiple casual sexual contacts and illicit drug use were common in affected MSM. In all strains from MSM we detected an intact aniA gene coding for a nitrite reductase, which permits survival in microanaerobic environments and could play a role in meningococcal transmission in MSM through urogenital colonization. Furthermore, meningococcal transmission among MSM may be sustained over large areas and thus require modified spatiotemporal scanning algorithms for timely detection and control. We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012-2013 to better understand meningococcal transmission and IMD risk in MSM. We retrospectively searched for further IMD cases in MSM in Germany through local health departments and undertook exploratory interviews. We performed antigen sequence typing, characterized fHbp and aniA genes of strains with the outbreak finetype and reviewed epidemiologically or spatiotemporally linked cases from 2002-2014. Among the 148 IMD-cases notified from 01.01.2012-30.09.2013 in 18-59 year-old men we identified 13 MSM in 6 federal states: 11 serogroup C (MenC, all finetype C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6), 2 MenB. Interviews with 7 MSM revealed frequent meeting of multiple partners online or via mobile apps and illicit drug use as potential risk factors. MenC incidence was 13-fold higher in MSM than non-MSM. MenC isolates from 9/11 MSM had a novel fHbp allele 766. All C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains from MSM versus 16/23 from non-MSM had intact aniA genes (p = 0.04). Although definitive evidence for transmission among MSM in epidemiological or spatiotemporal clusters in 2002-2014 was lacking, clusters were more frequent in men aged 20-49 years. Molecular analysis of C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains revealed cases with intact aniA since 2007, mainly associated with fHbp361, fHbp766 and fHbp813, all involving one or more MSM. MenC incidence was elevated in MSM during the study period. Multiple casual sexual contacts and illicit drug use were common in affected MSM. In all strains from MSM we detected an intact aniA gene coding for a nitrite reductase, which permits survival in microanaerobic environments and could play a role in meningococcal transmission in MSM through urogenital colonization. Furthermore, meningococcal transmission among MSM may be sustained over large areas and thus require modified spatiotemporal scanning algorithms for timely detection and control. We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012-2013 to better understand meningococcal transmission and IMD risk in MSM.BACKGROUNDWe undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012-2013 to better understand meningococcal transmission and IMD risk in MSM.We retrospectively searched for further IMD cases in MSM in Germany through local health departments and undertook exploratory interviews. We performed antigen sequence typing, characterized fHbp and aniA genes of strains with the outbreak finetype and reviewed epidemiologically or spatiotemporally linked cases from 2002-2014.METHODSWe retrospectively searched for further IMD cases in MSM in Germany through local health departments and undertook exploratory interviews. We performed antigen sequence typing, characterized fHbp and aniA genes of strains with the outbreak finetype and reviewed epidemiologically or spatiotemporally linked cases from 2002-2014.Among the 148 IMD-cases notified from 01.01.2012-30.09.2013 in 18-59 year-old men we identified 13 MSM in 6 federal states: 11 serogroup C (MenC, all finetype C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6), 2 MenB. Interviews with 7 MSM revealed frequent meeting of multiple partners online or via mobile apps and illicit drug use as potential risk factors. MenC incidence was 13-fold higher in MSM than non-MSM. MenC isolates from 9/11 MSM had a novel fHbp allele 766. All C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains from MSM versus 16/23 from non-MSM had intact aniA genes (p = 0.04). Although definitive evidence for transmission among MSM in epidemiological or spatiotemporal clusters in 2002-2014 was lacking, clusters were more frequent in men aged 20-49 years. Molecular analysis of C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains revealed cases with intact aniA since 2007, mainly associated with fHbp361, fHbp766 and fHbp813, all involving one or more MSM.RESULTSAmong the 148 IMD-cases notified from 01.01.2012-30.09.2013 in 18-59 year-old men we identified 13 MSM in 6 federal states: 11 serogroup C (MenC, all finetype C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6), 2 MenB. Interviews with 7 MSM revealed frequent meeting of multiple partners online or via mobile apps and illicit drug use as potential risk factors. MenC incidence was 13-fold higher in MSM than non-MSM. MenC isolates from 9/11 MSM had a novel fHbp allele 766. All C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains from MSM versus 16/23 from non-MSM had intact aniA genes (p = 0.04). Although definitive evidence for transmission among MSM in epidemiological or spatiotemporal clusters in 2002-2014 was lacking, clusters were more frequent in men aged 20-49 years. Molecular analysis of C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains revealed cases with intact aniA since 2007, mainly associated with fHbp361, fHbp766 and fHbp813, all involving one or more MSM.MenC incidence was elevated in MSM during the study period. Multiple casual sexual contacts and illicit drug use were common in affected MSM. In all strains from MSM we detected an intact aniA gene coding for a nitrite reductase, which permits survival in microanaerobic environments and could play a role in meningococcal transmission in MSM through urogenital colonization. Furthermore, meningococcal transmission among MSM may be sustained over large areas and thus require modified spatiotemporal scanning algorithms for timely detection and control.CONCLUSIONSMenC incidence was elevated in MSM during the study period. Multiple casual sexual contacts and illicit drug use were common in affected MSM. In all strains from MSM we detected an intact aniA gene coding for a nitrite reductase, which permits survival in microanaerobic environments and could play a role in meningococcal transmission in MSM through urogenital colonization. Furthermore, meningococcal transmission among MSM may be sustained over large areas and thus require modified spatiotemporal scanning algorithms for timely detection and control. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Vogel, Ulrich Claus, Heike Schink, Susanne Hellenbrand, Wiebke Marcus, Ulrich Wichmann, Ole |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Unit for HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany 2 Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Reference laboratory for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae , University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany RIVM, NETHERLANDS 1 Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany 4 Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany, affiliated with the European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training, European Centres of Disease Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany – name: RIVM, NETHERLANDS – name: 2 Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Reference laboratory for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae , University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany – name: 4 Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany, affiliated with the European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training, European Centres of Disease Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden – name: 3 Unit for HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Wiebke orcidid: 0000-0002-8563-3629 surname: Hellenbrand fullname: Hellenbrand, Wiebke – sequence: 2 givenname: Heike surname: Claus fullname: Claus, Heike – sequence: 3 givenname: Susanne surname: Schink fullname: Schink, Susanne – sequence: 4 givenname: Ulrich surname: Marcus fullname: Marcus, Ulrich – sequence: 5 givenname: Ole surname: Wichmann fullname: Wichmann, Ole – sequence: 6 givenname: Ulrich surname: Vogel fullname: Vogel, Ulrich |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27486669$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science 2016 Hellenbrand et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2016 Hellenbrand et al 2016 Hellenbrand et al |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: WH HC SS UM OW UV.Performed the experiments: WH HC SS UM UV.Analyzed the data: WH HC SS.Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HC UV.Wrote the paper: WH HC SS UM OW UV. Current address: Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. |
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In Vitro Inhibition of Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Neisseria meningitidis Isolated from the Pharynx of Homosexual Men publication-title: Sex Transm Dis doi: 10.1097/00007435-198410000-00006 – volume: 17 start-page: 840 issue: 5 year: 2010 ident: ref38 article-title: Updated post-licensure surveillance of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in England and Wales: effectiveness, validation of serological correlate of protection and modelling predictions of the duration of herd immunity publication-title: Clin Vacc Immunol doi: 10.1128/CVI.00529-09 – volume: 12 start-page: 1689 issue: 11 year: 2006 ident: ref22 article-title: Spatiotemporal analysis of invasive meningococcal disease, Germany publication-title: Emerg Infect Dis doi: 10.3201/eid1211.060682 – reference: 26654248 - BMC Med. 2015 Dec 09;13:297 – reference: 17728467 - J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Nov;45(11):3768-70 – reference: 6776296 - JAMA. 1980 Nov 7;244(18):2060-4 – reference: 23282863 - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Jan 4;61(51-52):1048 – reference: 23870095 - Euro Surveill. 2013 Jul 11;18(28):null – reference: 19231975 - Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Apr 1;48(7):894-901 – reference: 20219881 - Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010 May;17 (5):840-7 – reference: 18618739 - IUBMB Life. 2008 Sep;60(9):629-36 – reference: 24513101 - J Infect. 2014 Mar;68(3):296-7 – reference: 27167067 - PLoS One. 2016 May 11;11(5):e0154047 – reference: 6441274 - Sex Transm Dis. 1984 Oct-Dec;11(4):296-300 – reference: 15702040 - Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 Feb;24(2):128-31 – reference: 26197087 - Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Aug;21(8):1379-86 – reference: 23043893 - J Infect. 2013 Jan;66(1):48-56 – reference: 25069869 - Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 1;59(9):1216-21 – reference: 19519888 - BMC Public Health. 2009 Jun 11;9:180 – reference: 23778867 - Ann Intern Med. 2013 Aug 20;159(4):300-1 – reference: 22104107 - Infect Immun. 2012 Feb;80(2):643-50 – reference: 19762442 - Microbiology. 2009 Dec;155(Pt 12):4093-103 – reference: 26196855 - Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Aug;21(8):1458-61 – reference: 6789687 - Am J Public Health. 1981 Jan;71(1):53-8 – reference: 9501229 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 17;95(6):3140-5 – reference: 26487381 - Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2015 Nov;58(11-12):1314-43 – reference: 26877165 - Euro Surveill. 2016;21(5):12-22 – reference: 17283618 - Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Nov;12(11):1689-95 – reference: 25704037 - Expert Rev Vaccines. 2015 Jun;14(6):841-59 – reference: 25635319 - Euro Surveill. 2015 Jan 22;20(3):null – reference: 12642606 - J Exp Med. 2003 Mar 17;197(6):789-99 – reference: 12958279 - J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Sep;41(9):4411-4 – reference: 22103546 - Biochem Soc Trans. 2011 Dec;39(6):1890-4 – reference: 26562570 - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Nov 13;64(44):1256-7 – reference: 26226598 - J Infect. 2015 Nov;71(5):544-52 |
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| Snippet | We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012-2013 to better... Background We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012-2013... Background We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012–2013... Background We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012–2013... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adolescent Adult AIDS Algorithms Applications programs Biology and Life Sciences Colonization Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data Disease transmission Drug abuse Epidemics Epidemiology Gays & lesbians Genes Germany - epidemiology Haemophilus influenzae Health risks Homosexuality, Male - statistics & numerical data Humans Incidence Invasive meningococcal disease Laboratories Male Medicine and Health Sciences Men Meningitis Meningococcal disease Meningococcal Infections - epidemiology Meningococcal Infections - pathology Mens health Middle Aged Mobile applications Mobile computing Multilocus sequence typing Music education Neisseria meningitidis Nitrite reductase Outbreaks People and Places Physical Sciences Public health Retrospective Studies Reviews Risk analysis Risk Factors Sex Vaccines Young Adult |
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| Title | Risk of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Men Who Have Sex with Men: Lessons Learned from an Outbreak in Germany, 2012—2013 |
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