Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis Discovered a Dietary Pattern Inversely Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 11; no. 6; p. e0155892
• Main Authors: Lo, Yen-Li, Pan, Wen-Harn, Hsu, Wan-Lun, Chien, Yin-Chu, Chen, Jen-Yang, Hsu, Mow-Ming, Lou, Pei-Jen, Chen, I-How, Hildesheim, Allan, Chen, Chien-Jen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 01.06.2016; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Biology and Life Sciences; Carcinoma - pathology; Cardiovascular disease; Care and treatment; Case-Control Studies; Complications and side effects; Confidence intervals; Diet; Discriminant Analysis; Eggs; Epidemiology; Epstein-Barr virus; Female; Fish; Food; Food plants; Fruits; Health risk assessment; Humans; Least squares method; Least-Squares Analysis; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Milk; Nasopharyngeal cancer; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - pathology; Otolaryngology; Physiological aspects; Plant protection; Regression analysis; Regression models; Risk; Risk Factors; Statistical analysis; Studies; Systematic review; Tea; Throat cancer; Vegetables; Viruses; China; Taiwan; Asia; United States > US
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155892

Evidence on the association between dietary component, dietary pattern and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is scarce. A major challenge is the high degree of correlation among dietary constituents. We aimed to identify dietary pattern associated with NPC and to illustrate the dose-response relationship between the identified dietary pattern scores and the risk of NPC. Taking advantage of a matched NPC case-control study, data from a total of 319 incident cases and 319 matched controls were analyzed. Dietary pattern was derived employing partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) performed on energy-adjusted food frequencies derived from a 66-item food-frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with multiple conditional logistic regression models, linking pattern scores and NPC risk. A high score of the PLS-DA derived pattern was characterized by high intakes of fruits, milk, fresh fish, vegetables, tea, and eggs ordered by loading values. We observed that one unit increase in the scores was associated with a significantly lower risk of NPC (ORadj = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.60-0.88) after controlling for potential confounders. Similar results were observed among Epstein-Barr virus seropositive subjects. An NPC protective diet is indicated with more phytonutrient-rich plant foods (fruits, vegetables), milk, other protein-rich foods (in particular fresh fish and eggs), and tea. This information may be used to design potential dietary regimen for NPC prevention.