Dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable cancer – the four Lynch syndromes - an EHTG, PLSD position statement

The recognition of dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable (MSI) cancers caused by pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair ( MMR ) genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2 has modified our understanding of carcinogenesis. Inherited loss of function variants in each of these MMR genes cau...

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Published inHereditary cancer in clinical practice Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 19 - 12
Main Authors Møller, Pal, Seppälä, Toni T., Ahadova, Aysel, Crosbie, Emma J., Holinski-Feder, Elke, Scott, Rodney, Haupt, Saskia, Möslein, Gabriela, Winship, Ingrid, Broeke, Sanne W. Bajwa-ten, Kohut, Kelly E., Ryan, Neil, Bauerfeind, Peter, Thomas, Laura E., Evans, D. Gareth, Aretz, Stefan, Sijmons, Rolf H., Half, Elizabeth, Heinimann, Karl, Horisberger, Karoline, Monahan, Kevin, Engel, Christoph, Cavestro, Giulia Martina, Fruscio, Robert, Abu-Freha, Naim, Zohar, Levi, Laghi, Luigi, Bertario, Lucio, Bonanni, Bernardo, Tibiletti, Maria Grazia, Lino-Silva, Leonardo S., Vaccaro, Carlos, Valle, Adriana Della, Rossi, Benedito Mauro, da Silva, Leandro Apolinário, de Oliveira Nascimento, Ivana Lucia, Rossi, Norma Teresa, Dębniak, Tadeusz, Mecklin, Jukka-Pekka, Bernstein, Inge, Lindblom, Annika, Sunde, Lone, Nakken, Sigve, Heuveline, Vincent, Burn, John, Hovig, Eivind, Kloor, Matthias, Sampson, Julian R., Dominguez-Valentin, Mev
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London BioMed Central 11.10.2023
BioMed Central Ltd
BMC
Subjects
Aspirin
Bile ducts
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer
Cancer Research
Carcinogenesis
Colonoscopy
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
Development and progression
Endometrial cancer
Endometrium
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic disorders
Human Genetics
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Metastases
Mismatch repair
MLH1 protein
MSH2 protein
MSH6 protein
Oncology
Ovarian cancer
Precision medicine
Prostate
Review
Small intestine
Stochastic processes
Surveillance
Tumors
Urogenital system
Young adults
Finland
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1897-4287
1731-2302
1897-4287
DOI10.1186/s13053-023-00263-3

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Abstract The recognition of dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable (MSI) cancers caused by pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair ( MMR ) genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2 has modified our understanding of carcinogenesis. Inherited loss of function variants in each of these MMR genes cause four dominantly inherited cancer syndromes with different penetrance and expressivities: the four Lynch syndromes. No person has an “average sex “or a pathogenic variant in an “average Lynch syndrome gene” and results that are not stratified by gene and sex will be valid for no one. Carcinogenesis may be a linear process from increased cellular division to localized cancer to metastasis. In addition, in the Lynch syndromes (LS) we now recognize a dynamic balance between two stochastic processes: MSI producing abnormal cells, and the host’s adaptive immune system’s ability to remove them. The latter may explain why colonoscopy surveillance does not reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer in LS, while it may improve the prognosis. Most early onset colon, endometrial and ovarian cancers in LS are now cured and most cancer related deaths are after subsequent cancers in other organs. Aspirin reduces the incidence of colorectal and other cancers in LS. Immunotherapy increases the host immune system’s capability to destroy MSI cancers. Colonoscopy surveillance, aspirin prevention and immunotherapy represent major steps forward in personalized precision medicine to prevent and cure inherited MSI cancer.
AbstractList The recognition of dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable (MSI) cancers caused by pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair ( MMR ) genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2 has modified our understanding of carcinogenesis. Inherited loss of function variants in each of these MMR genes cause four dominantly inherited cancer syndromes with different penetrance and expressivities: the four Lynch syndromes. No person has an “average sex “or a pathogenic variant in an “average Lynch syndrome gene” and results that are not stratified by gene and sex will be valid for no one. Carcinogenesis may be a linear process from increased cellular division to localized cancer to metastasis. In addition, in the Lynch syndromes (LS) we now recognize a dynamic balance between two stochastic processes: MSI producing abnormal cells, and the host’s adaptive immune system’s ability to remove them. The latter may explain why colonoscopy surveillance does not reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer in LS, while it may improve the prognosis. Most early onset colon, endometrial and ovarian cancers in LS are now cured and most cancer related deaths are after subsequent cancers in other organs. Aspirin reduces the incidence of colorectal and other cancers in LS. Immunotherapy increases the host immune system’s capability to destroy MSI cancers. Colonoscopy surveillance, aspirin prevention and immunotherapy represent major steps forward in personalized precision medicine to prevent and cure inherited MSI cancer.
The recognition of dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable (MSI) cancers caused by pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2 has modified our understanding of carcinogenesis. Inherited loss of function variants in each of these MMR genes cause four dominantly inherited cancer syndromes with different penetrance and expressivities: the four Lynch syndromes. No person has an "average sex "or a pathogenic variant in an "average Lynch syndrome gene" and results that are not stratified by gene and sex will be valid for no one. Carcinogenesis may be a linear process from increased cellular division to localized cancer to metastasis. In addition, in the Lynch syndromes (LS) we now recognize a dynamic balance between two stochastic processes: MSI producing abnormal cells, and the host's adaptive immune system's ability to remove them. The latter may explain why colonoscopy surveillance does not reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer in LS, while it may improve the prognosis. Most early onset colon, endometrial and ovarian cancers in LS are now cured and most cancer related deaths are after subsequent cancers in other organs. Aspirin reduces the incidence of colorectal and other cancers in LS. Immunotherapy increases the host immune system's capability to destroy MSI cancers. Colonoscopy surveillance, aspirin prevention and immunotherapy represent major steps forward in personalized precision medicine to prevent and cure inherited MSI cancer.
The recognition of dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable (MSI) cancers caused by pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2 has modified our understanding of carcinogenesis. Inherited loss of function variants in each of these MMR genes cause four dominantly inherited cancer syndromes with different penetrance and expressivities: the four Lynch syndromes. No person has an "average sex "or a pathogenic variant in an "average Lynch syndrome gene" and results that are not stratified by gene and sex will be valid for no one. Carcinogenesis may be a linear process from increased cellular division to localized cancer to metastasis. In addition, in the Lynch syndromes (LS) we now recognize a dynamic balance between two stochastic processes: MSI producing abnormal cells, and the host's adaptive immune system's ability to remove them. The latter may explain why colonoscopy surveillance does not reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer in LS, while it may improve the prognosis. Most early onset colon, endometrial and ovarian cancers in LS are now cured and most cancer related deaths are after subsequent cancers in other organs. Aspirin reduces the incidence of colorectal and other cancers in LS. Immunotherapy increases the host immune system's capability to destroy MSI cancers. Colonoscopy surveillance, aspirin prevention and immunotherapy represent major steps forward in personalized precision medicine to prevent and cure inherited MSI cancer.The recognition of dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable (MSI) cancers caused by pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2 has modified our understanding of carcinogenesis. Inherited loss of function variants in each of these MMR genes cause four dominantly inherited cancer syndromes with different penetrance and expressivities: the four Lynch syndromes. No person has an "average sex "or a pathogenic variant in an "average Lynch syndrome gene" and results that are not stratified by gene and sex will be valid for no one. Carcinogenesis may be a linear process from increased cellular division to localized cancer to metastasis. In addition, in the Lynch syndromes (LS) we now recognize a dynamic balance between two stochastic processes: MSI producing abnormal cells, and the host's adaptive immune system's ability to remove them. The latter may explain why colonoscopy surveillance does not reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer in LS, while it may improve the prognosis. Most early onset colon, endometrial and ovarian cancers in LS are now cured and most cancer related deaths are after subsequent cancers in other organs. Aspirin reduces the incidence of colorectal and other cancers in LS. Immunotherapy increases the host immune system's capability to destroy MSI cancers. Colonoscopy surveillance, aspirin prevention and immunotherapy represent major steps forward in personalized precision medicine to prevent and cure inherited MSI cancer.
Abstract The recognition of dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable (MSI) cancers caused by pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2 has modified our understanding of carcinogenesis. Inherited loss of function variants in each of these MMR genes cause four dominantly inherited cancer syndromes with different penetrance and expressivities: the four Lynch syndromes. No person has an “average sex “or a pathogenic variant in an “average Lynch syndrome gene” and results that are not stratified by gene and sex will be valid for no one. Carcinogenesis may be a linear process from increased cellular division to localized cancer to metastasis. In addition, in the Lynch syndromes (LS) we now recognize a dynamic balance between two stochastic processes: MSI producing abnormal cells, and the host’s adaptive immune system’s ability to remove them. The latter may explain why colonoscopy surveillance does not reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer in LS, while it may improve the prognosis. Most early onset colon, endometrial and ovarian cancers in LS are now cured and most cancer related deaths are after subsequent cancers in other organs. Aspirin reduces the incidence of colorectal and other cancers in LS. Immunotherapy increases the host immune system’s capability to destroy MSI cancers. Colonoscopy surveillance, aspirin prevention and immunotherapy represent major steps forward in personalized precision medicine to prevent and cure inherited MSI cancer.
ArticleNumber 19
Audience Academic
Author Sijmons, Rolf H.
Winship, Ingrid
da Silva, Leandro Apolinário
Heuveline, Vincent
Aretz, Stefan
Ryan, Neil
Lino-Silva, Leonardo S.
Scott, Rodney
Bertario, Lucio
Sunde, Lone
Vaccaro, Carlos
Dębniak, Tadeusz
Bernstein, Inge
Half, Elizabeth
Engel, Christoph
Seppälä, Toni T.
Broeke, Sanne W. Bajwa-ten
Møller, Pal
Lindblom, Annika
Burn, John
Heinimann, Karl
Haupt, Saskia
Kohut, Kelly E.
Bauerfeind, Peter
Möslein, Gabriela
Rossi, Norma Teresa
Holinski-Feder, Elke
Crosbie, Emma J.
Dominguez-Valentin, Mev
Ahadova, Aysel
Rossi, Benedito Mauro
Zohar, Levi
Hovig, Eivind
Bonanni, Bernardo
Abu-Freha, Naim
Mecklin, Jukka-Pekka
Tibiletti, Maria Grazia
Laghi, Luigi
Sampson, Julian R.
Valle, Adriana Della
Cavestro, Giulia Martina
Nakken, Sigve
Monahan, Kevin
Horisberger, Karoline
de Oliveira Nascimento, Ivana Lucia
Thomas, Laura E.
Fruscio, Robert
Evans, D. Gareth
Kloor, Matthias
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CorporateAuthor On behalf of the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (www.plsd.eu) and The European Hereditary Tumour Group (www.ehtg.org)
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Snippet The recognition of dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable (MSI) cancers caused by pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair ( MMR ) genes...
The recognition of dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable (MSI) cancers caused by pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair (MMR) genes...
Abstract The recognition of dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable (MSI) cancers caused by pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair (MMR)...
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SubjectTerms Aspirin
Bile ducts
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer
Cancer Research
Carcinogenesis
Colonoscopy
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
Development and progression
Endometrial cancer
Endometrium
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic disorders
Human Genetics
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Metastases
Mismatch repair
MLH1 protein
MSH2 protein
MSH6 protein
Oncology
Ovarian cancer
Precision medicine
Prostate
Review
Small intestine
Stochastic processes
Surveillance
Tumors
Urogenital system
Young adults
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Title Dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable cancer – the four Lynch syndromes - an EHTG, PLSD position statement
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Volume 21
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