Dietary Medium Chain Fatty Acid Supplementation Leads to Reduced VLDL Lipolysis and Uptake Rates in Comparison to Linoleic Acid Supplementation

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 9; no. 7; p. e100376
• Main Authors: van Schalkwijk, Daniël B., Pasman, Wilrike J., Hendriks, Henk F. J., Verheij, Elwin R., Rubingh, Carina M., van Bochove, Kees, Vaes, Wouter H. J., Adiels, Martin, Freidig, Andreas P., de Graaf, Albert A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 21.07.2014; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Apolipoproteins; Biology and Life Sciences; Body fat; Body mass; Cardiovascular disease; Chains; Cholesterol; Computer and Information Sciences; Computer applications; Data processing; Diet; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Dietary Fats - metabolism; Dietary supplements; Dietary Supplements - analysis; Double-Blind Method; Elongation; Fasting; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Health risk assessment; Health Sciences; High-performance liquid chromatography; Hip; Humans; Hälsovetenskap; Intervention; Kinetics; Linoleic acid; Linoleic Acid - administration & dosage; Linoleic Acid - metabolism; Lipid metabolism; Lipids; Lipolysis; Lipoproteins (very low density); Lipoproteins, LDL - metabolism; Lipoproteins, VLDL - metabolism; Liquid chromatography; Low density lipoprotein; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Obesity; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Physical Sciences; Plasma; Receptors; Research and Analysis Methods; Stable isotopes; Tracers; Triglycerides; Weight control; Netherlands
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100376

Dietary medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and linoleic acid follow different metabolic routes, and linoleic acid activates PPAR receptors. Both these mechanisms may modify lipoprotein and fatty acid metabolism after dietary intervention. Our objective was to investigate how dietary MCFA and linoleic acid supplementation and body fat distribution affect the fasting lipoprotein subclass profile, lipoprotein kinetics, and postprandial fatty acid kinetics. In a randomized double blind cross-over trial, 12 male subjects (age 51±7 years; BMI 28.5±0.8 kg/m2), were divided into 2 groups according to waist-hip ratio. They were supplemented with 60 grams/day MCFA (mainly C8:0, C10:0) or linoleic acid for three weeks, with a wash-out period of six weeks in between. Lipoprotein subclasses were measured using HPLC. Lipoprotein and fatty acid metabolism were studied using a combination of several stable isotope tracers. Lipoprotein and tracer data were analyzed using computational modeling. Lipoprotein subclass concentrations in the VLDL and LDL range were significantly higher after MCFA than after linoleic acid intervention. In addition, LDL subclass concentrations were higher in lower body obese individuals. Differences in VLDL metabolism were found to occur in lipoprotein lipolysis and uptake, not production; MCFAs were elongated intensively, in contrast to linoleic acid. Dietary MCFA supplementation led to a less favorable lipoprotein profile than linoleic acid supplementation. These differences were not due to elevated VLDL production, but rather to lower lipolysis and uptake rates.