Low and moderate doses of caffeine late in exercise improve performance in trained cyclists

The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise improved time-trial (TT) performance. Fifteen (11 male, 4 female) cyclists (age, 22.5 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 69.3 ± 2.6 kg; peak oxygen consumptio...

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Published in	Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism Vol. 41; no. 8; pp. 850 - 855
Main Authors	Talanian, Jason L, Spriet, Lawrence L
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Canada NRC Research Press 01.08.2016 Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press
Subjects	agent ergogène Analysis Athletes Athletic Performance Bicycling blood Blood Glucose - metabolism Body Mass Index Caffeine Caffeine - administration & dosage Caffeine - blood contre-la-montre cycling cyclisme Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Double-Blind Method elite Epinephrine - blood ergogenic aid exercice physique Exercise Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood Female females free fatty acids glucose Health aspects Heart Rate hematocrit Humans lactic acid Lactic Acid - blood Male males metabolism métabolisme nutrition Oxygen Consumption specific gravity Time Factors time trial urine Young Adult élite élite elite time trial contre-la-montre ergogenic aid exercice physique métabolisme agent ergogène cyclisme exercise cycling metabolism
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	1715-5312 1715-5320 1715-5320
DOI	10.1139/apnm-2016-0053

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Abstract	The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise improved time-trial (TT) performance. Fifteen (11 male, 4 female) cyclists (age, 22.5 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 69.3 ± 2.6 kg; peak oxygen consumption, 64.6 ± 1.9 mL·min −1 ·kg −1 ) completed 4 double-blinded randomized trials. Subjects completed 120 min of cycling at ∼60% peak oxygen consumption with 5 interspersed 120-s intervals at ∼82% peak oxygen consumption, immediately followed by 40-s intervals at 50 W. Following 80 min of cycling, subjects either ingested a 6% CES (PL), a CES with 100 mg (low dose, 1.5 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass −1 ) of caffeine (CAF1), or a CES with 200 mg (moderate dose, 2.9 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass −1 ) of caffeine (CAF2). Following the 120-min cycling challenge, cyclists completed a 6-kJ·kg body mass −1 TT. There was no difference between respiratory, heart rate, glucose, free fatty acid, body mass, hematocrit, or urine specific gravity measurements between treatments. The CAF2 (26:36 ± 0:22 min:s) TT was completed faster than CAF1 (27:36 ± 0:32 min:s, p < 0.05) and both CAF1 and CAF2 TTs were completed faster than PL (28:41 ± 0:38 min:s, p < 0.05). Blood lactate was similar between trials and rose to a greater extent during the TT (p < 0.05). In summary, both doses of caffeine delivered late in exercise improved TT performance over the PL trial and the moderate dose (CAF2) improved performance to a greater extent than the low dose (CAF1).
AbstractList	The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise improved time-trial (TT) performance. Fifteen (11 male, 4 female) cyclists (age, 22.5 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 69.3 ± 2.6 kg; peak oxygen consumption, 64.6 ± 1.9 mL·min −1 ·kg −1 ) completed 4 double-blinded randomized trials. Subjects completed 120 min of cycling at ∼60% peak oxygen consumption with 5 interspersed 120-s intervals at ∼82% peak oxygen consumption, immediately followed by 40-s intervals at 50 W. Following 80 min of cycling, subjects either ingested a 6% CES (PL), a CES with 100 mg (low dose, 1.5 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass −1 ) of caffeine (CAF1), or a CES with 200 mg (moderate dose, 2.9 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass −1 ) of caffeine (CAF2). Following the 120-min cycling challenge, cyclists completed a 6-kJ·kg body mass −1 TT. There was no difference between respiratory, heart rate, glucose, free fatty acid, body mass, hematocrit, or urine specific gravity measurements between treatments. The CAF2 (26:36 ± 0:22 min:s) TT was completed faster than CAF1 (27:36 ± 0:32 min:s, p < 0.05) and both CAF1 and CAF2 TTs were completed faster than PL (28:41 ± 0:38 min:s, p < 0.05). Blood lactate was similar between trials and rose to a greater extent during the TT (p < 0.05). In summary, both doses of caffeine delivered late in exercise improved TT performance over the PL trial and the moderate dose (CAF2) improved performance to a greater extent than the low dose (CAF1). The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise improved time-trial (TT) performance. Fifteen (11 male, 4 female) cyclists (age, 22.5 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 69.3 ± 2.6 kg; peak oxygen consumption, 64.6 ± 1.9 mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹) completed 4 double-blinded randomized trials. Subjects completed 120 min of cycling at ∼60% peak oxygen consumption with 5 interspersed 120-s intervals at ∼82% peak oxygen consumption, immediately followed by 40-s intervals at 50 W. Following 80 min of cycling, subjects either ingested a 6% CES (PL), a CES with 100 mg (low dose, 1.5 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass⁻¹) of caffeine (CAF1), or a CES with 200 mg (moderate dose, 2.9 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass⁻¹) of caffeine (CAF2). Following the 120-min cycling challenge, cyclists completed a 6-kJ·kg body mass⁻¹ TT. There was no difference between respiratory, heart rate, glucose, free fatty acid, body mass, hematocrit, or urine specific gravity measurements between treatments. The CAF2 (26:36 ± 0:22 min:s) TT was completed faster than CAF1 (27:36 ± 0:32 min:s, p < 0.05) and both CAF1 and CAF2 TTs were completed faster than PL (28:41 ± 0:38 min:s, p < 0.05). Blood lactate was similar between trials and rose to a greater extent during the TT (p < 0.05). In summary, both doses of caffeine delivered late in exercise improved TT performance over the PL trial and the moderate dose (CAF2) improved performance to a greater extent than the low dose (CAF1). The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise improved time-trial (TT) performance. Fifteen (11 male, 4 female) cyclists (age, 22.5 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 69.3 ± 2.6 kg; peak oxygen consumption, 64.6 ± 1.9 mL x [min.sup.-1] x [kg.sup.-1]) completed 4 double-blinded randomized trials. Subjects completed 120 min of cycling at ~60% peak oxygen consumption with 5 interspersed 120-s intervals at ~82% peak oxygen consumption, immediately followed by 40-s intervals at 50 W. Following 80 min of cycling, subjects either ingested a 6% CES (PL), a CES with 100 mg (low dose, 1.5 ± 0.1 mg x kg body [mass.sup.-1]) of caffeine (CAF1), or a CES with 200 mg (moderate dose, 2.9 ± 0.1 mg x kg body [mass.sup.-1]) of caffeine (CAF2). Following the 120-min cycling challenge, cyclists completed a 6-kJ x kg body [mass.sup.-1] TT. There was no difference between respiratory, heart rate, glucose, free fatty acid, body mass, hematocrit, or urine specific gravity measurements between treatments. The CAF2 (26:36 ± 0:22 min:s) TT was completed faster than CAF1 (27:36 ± 0:32 min:s, p < 0.05) and both CAF1 and CAF2 TTs were completed faster than PL (28:41 ± 0:38 min:s, p < 0.05). Blood lactate was similar between trials and rose to a greater extent during the TT (p <0.05). In summary, both doses of caffeine delivered late in exercise improved TT performance over the PL trial and the moderate dose (CAF2) improved performance to a greater extent than the low dose (CAF1). The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise improved time-trial (TT) performance. Fifteen (11 male, 4 female) cyclists (age, 22.5 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 69.3 ± 2.6 kg; peak oxygen consumption, 64.6 ± 1.9 mL·min(-1)·kg(-1)) completed 4 double-blinded randomized trials. Subjects completed 120 min of cycling at ∼60% peak oxygen consumption with 5 interspersed 120-s intervals at ∼82% peak oxygen consumption, immediately followed by 40-s intervals at 50 W. Following 80 min of cycling, subjects either ingested a 6% CES (PL), a CES with 100 mg (low dose, 1.5 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass(-1)) of caffeine (CAF1), or a CES with 200 mg (moderate dose, 2.9 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass(-1)) of caffeine (CAF2). Following the 120-min cycling challenge, cyclists completed a 6-kJ·kg body mass(-1) TT. There was no difference between respiratory, heart rate, glucose, free fatty acid, body mass, hematocrit, or urine specific gravity measurements between treatments. The CAF2 (26:36 ± 0:22 min:s) TT was completed faster than CAF1 (27:36 ± 0:32 min:s, p < 0.05) and both CAF1 and CAF2 TTs were completed faster than PL (28:41 ± 0:38 min:s, p < 0.05). Blood lactate was similar between trials and rose to a greater extent during the TT (p < 0.05). In summary, both doses of caffeine delivered late in exercise improved TT performance over the PL trial and the moderate dose (CAF2) improved performance to a greater extent than the low dose (CAF1). The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise improved time-trial (TT) performance. Fifteen (11 male, 4 female) cyclists (age, 22.5 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 69.3 ± 2.6 kg; peak oxygen consumption, 64.6 ± 1.9 mL x [min.sup.-1] x [kg.sup.-1]) completed 4 double-blinded randomized trials. Subjects completed 120 min of cycling at ~60% peak oxygen consumption with 5 interspersed 120-s intervals at ~82% peak oxygen consumption, immediately followed by 40-s intervals at 50 W. Following 80 min of cycling, subjects either ingested a 6% CES (PL), a CES with 100 mg (low dose, 1.5 ± 0.1 mg x kg body [mass.sup.-1]) of caffeine (CAF1), or a CES with 200 mg (moderate dose, 2.9 ± 0.1 mg x kg body [mass.sup.-1]) of caffeine (CAF2). Following the 120-min cycling challenge, cyclists completed a 6-kJ x kg body [mass.sup.-1] TT. There was no difference between respiratory, heart rate, glucose, free fatty acid, body mass, hematocrit, or urine specific gravity measurements between treatments. The CAF2 (26:36 ± 0:22 min:s) TT was completed faster than CAF1 (27:36 ± 0:32 min:s, p < 0.05) and both CAF1 and CAF2 TTs were completed faster than PL (28:41 ± 0:38 min:s, p < 0.05). Blood lactate was similar between trials and rose to a greater extent during the TT (p <0.05). In summary, both doses of caffeine delivered late in exercise improved TT performance over the PL trial and the moderate dose (CAF2) improved performance to a greater extent than the low dose (CAF1). Key words: ergogenic aid, metabolism, cycling, time trial, exercise, elite. Cette etude se propose de verifier si des doses faibles a moderees de cafeine ajoutees a une solution contenant des electrolytes et du sucre (<< CES >>) qu'on administre a des sujets dans le dernier tiers de leur parcours ameliorent leur performance au contre-la-montre (<< TT >>). Quinze cyclistes (11 hommes et 4 femmes; age, 22,5 [+ or -] 0,9 ans; masse corporelle, 69,3 ± 2,6 kg; consommation du pointe d'oxygene, 64,6 ± 1,9 mL x [min.sup.-1] x [kg.sup.-1]) participent de facon aleatoire a 4 essais a double insu. Les sujets effectuent 120 min a velo a une intensite sollicitant ~60 % de la consommation du pointe d'oxygene et incluant 5 intervalles de 120 s a une intensite de ~82 % de la consommation du pointe d'oxygene suivis immediatement d'intervalles de 40 s a 50 W. Apres 80 min de pedalage, les sujets consomment soit 6 % de CES (<< PL >>), une CES contenant 100 mg de cafeine (faible dose, 1,5 ± 0,1 mg-kg masse [corporelle.sup.-1], << CAF1>>) ou 200 mg (dose moderee, 2,9 [+ or -] 0,1 mg-kg masse corporelle-1, << CAF2 >>). Apres les 120 min de ce defi a velo, les cyclistes effectuent un TT requerant 6 kJ x kg masse corporelle-1. D'un traitement a l'autre, on n'observe pas de difference des mesures de la respiration, du rythme cardiaque, du glucose, des acides gras libres, de la masse corporelle, de l'hematocrite et de la densite specifique de l'urine (USG). Le TT est effectue plus rapidement (p < 0,05) dans la condition CAF2 (26:36 [+ or -] 0:22 min:s) comparativement a la condition CAF1 (27:36 ± 0:32 min:s). Le TT dans les deux conditions CAF est plus rapide (p < 0,05) comparativement a la condition PL (28:41 ± 0:38 min:s). La concentration sanguine de lactate est semblable d'un essai a l'autre et s'eleve plus haut durant le TT (p < 0,05). En bref, les deux doses de cafe consommees tardivement suscitent une amelioration de la performance au TT comparativement a la condition PL et la dose moderee (CAF2) ameliore plus la performance que la faible dose (CAF1). [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: agent ergogene, metabolisme, cyclisme, contre-la-montre, exercice physique, elite. The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise improved time-trial (TT) performance. Fifteen (11 male, 4 female) cyclists (age, 22.5 plus or minus 0.9 years; body mass, 69.3 plus or minus 2.6 kg; peak oxygen consumption, 64.6 plus or minus 1.9 mL.min super(-1).kg super(-1)) completed 4 double-blinded randomized trials. Subjects completed 120 min of cycling at 60% peak oxygen consumption with 5 interspersed 120-s intervals at 82% peak oxygen consumption, immediately followed by 40-s intervals at 50 W. Following 80 min of cycling, subjects either ingested a 6% CES (PL), a CES with 100 mg (low dose, 1.5 plus or minus 0.1 mg.kg body mass super(-1)) of caffeine (CAF1), or a CES with 200 mg (moderate dose, 2.9 plus or minus 0.1 mg.kg body mass super(-1)) of caffeine (CAF2). Following the 120-min cycling challenge, cyclists completed a 6-kJ.kg body mass super(-1) TT. There was no difference between respiratory, heart rate, glucose, free fatty acid, body mass, hematocrit, or urine specific gravity measurements between treatments. The CAF2 (26:36 plus or minus 0:22 min:s) TT was completed faster than CAF1 (27:36 plus or minus 0:32 min:s, p < 0.05) and both CAF1 and CAF2 TTs were completed faster than PL (28:41 plus or minus 0:38 min:s, p < 0.05). Blood lactate was similar between trials and rose to a greater extent during the TT (p < 0.05). In summary, both doses of caffeine delivered late in exercise improved TT performance over the PL trial and the moderate dose (CAF2) improved performance to a greater extent than the low dose (CAF1).Original Abstract: Cette etude se propose de verifier si des doses faibles a moderees de cafeine ajoutees a une solution contenant des electrolytes et du sucre (<< CES >>) qu'on administre a des sujets dans le dernier tiers de leur parcours ameliorent leur performance au contre-la-montre (<< TT >>). Quinze cyclistes (11 hommes et 4 femmes; age, 22,5 plus or minus 0,9 ans; masse corporelle, 69,3 plus or minus 2,6 kg; consommation du pointe d'oxygene, 64,6 plus or minus 1,9 mL.min super(-1).kg super(-1)) participent de facon aleatoire a 4 essais a double insu. Les sujets effectuent 120 min a velo a une intensite sollicitant 60 % de la consommation du pointe d'oxygene et incluant 5 intervalles de 120 s a une intensite de 82 % de la consommation du pointe d'oxygene suivis immediatement d'intervalles de 40 s a 50 W. Apres 80 min de pedalage, les sujets consomment soit 6 % de CES (<< PL >>), une CES contenant 100 mg de cafeine (faible dose, 1,5 plus or minus 0,1 mg.kg masse corporelle super(-1), << CAF1 >>) ou 200 mg (dose moderee, 2,9 plus or minus 0,1 mg.kg masse corporelle super(-1), << CAF2 >>). Apres les 120 min de ce defi a velo, les cyclistes effectuent un TT requerant 6 kJ.kg masse corporelle super(-1). D'un traitement a l'autre, on n'observe pas de difference des mesures de la respiration, du rythme cardiaque, du glucose, des acides gras libres, de la masse corporelle, de l'hematocrite et de la densite specifique de l'urine (USG). Le TT est effectue plus rapidement (p < 0,05) dans la condition CAF2 (26:36 plus or minus 0:22 min:s) comparativement a la condition CAF1 (27:36 plus or minus 0:32 min:s). Le TT dans les deux conditions CAF est plus rapide (p < 0,05) comparativement a la condition PL (28:41 plus or minus 0:38 min:s). La concentration sanguine de lactate est semblable d'un essai a l'autre et s'eleve plus haut durant le TT (p < 0,05). En bref, les deux doses de cafe consommees tardivement suscitent une amelioration de la performance au TT comparativement a la condition PL et la dose moderee (CAF2) ameliore plus la performance que la faible dose (CAF1). [Traduit par la Redaction] The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise improved time-trial (TT) performance. Fifteen (11 male, 4 female) cyclists (age, 22.5 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 69.3 ± 2.6 kg; peak oxygen consumption, 64.6 ± 1.9 mL·min −1 ·kg −1 ) completed 4 double-blinded randomized trials. Subjects completed 120 min of cycling at ∼60% peak oxygen consumption with 5 interspersed 120-s intervals at ∼82% peak oxygen consumption, immediately followed by 40-s intervals at 50 W. Following 80 min of cycling, subjects either ingested a 6% CES (PL), a CES with 100 mg (low dose, 1.5 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass −1 ) of caffeine (CAF1), or a CES with 200 mg (moderate dose, 2.9 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass −1 ) of caffeine (CAF2). Following the 120-min cycling challenge, cyclists completed a 6-kJ·kg body mass −1 TT. There was no difference between respiratory, heart rate, glucose, free fatty acid, body mass, hematocrit, or urine specific gravity measurements between treatments. The CAF2 (26:36 ± 0:22 min:s) TT was completed faster than CAF1 (27:36 ± 0:32 min:s, p < 0.05) and both CAF1 and CAF2 TTs were completed faster than PL (28:41 ± 0:38 min:s, p < 0.05). Blood lactate was similar between trials and rose to a greater extent during the TT (p < 0.05). In summary, both doses of caffeine delivered late in exercise improved TT performance over the PL trial and the moderate dose (CAF2) improved performance to a greater extent than the low dose (CAF1).
Abstract_FL	Cette étude se propose de vérifier si des doses faibles à modérées de caféine ajoutées à une solution contenant des électrolytes et du sucre (« CES ») qu’on administre à des sujets dans le dernier tiers de leur parcours améliorent leur performance au contre-la-montre (« TT »). Quinze cyclistes (11 hommes et 4 femmes; âge, 22,5 ± 0,9 ans; masse corporelle, 69,3 ± 2,6 kg; consommation du pointe d’oxygène, 64,6 ± 1,9 mL·min –1 ·kg –1 ) participent de façon aléatoire à 4 essais à double insu. Les sujets effectuent 120 min à vélo à une intensité sollicitant ∼60 % de la consommation du pointe d’oxygène et incluant 5 intervalles de 120 s à une intensité de ∼82 % de la consommation du pointe d’oxygène suivis immédiatement d’intervalles de 40 s à 50 W. Après 80 min de pédalage, les sujets consomment soit 6 % de CES (« PL »), une CES contenant 100 mg de caféine (faible dose, 1,5 ± 0,1 mg·kg masse corporelle –1 , « CAF1 ») ou 200 mg (dose modérée, 2,9 ± 0,1 mg·kg masse corporelle –1 , « CAF2 »). Après les 120 min de ce défi à vélo, les cyclistes effectuent un TT requérant 6 kJ·kg masse corporelle –1 . D’un traitement à l’autre, on n’observe pas de différence des mesures de la respiration, du rythme cardiaque, du glucose, des acides gras libres, de la masse corporelle, de l’hématocrite et de la densité spécifique de l’urine (USG). Le TT est effectué plus rapidement (p < 0,05) dans la condition CAF2 (26:36 ± 0:22 min:s) comparativement à la condition CAF1 (27:36 ± 0:32 min:s). Le TT dans les deux conditions CAF est plus rapide (p < 0,05) comparativement à la condition PL (28:41 ± 0:38 min:s). La concentration sanguine de lactate est semblable d’un essai à l’autre et s’élève plus haut durant le TT (p < 0,05). En bref, les deux doses de café consommées tardivement suscitent une amélioration de la performance au TT comparativement à la condition PL et la dose modérée (CAF2) améliore plus la performance que la faible dose (CAF1). [Traduit par la Rédaction]
Audience	Academic
Author	Talanian, Jason L Spriet, Lawrence L
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jason L surname: Talanian fullname: Talanian, Jason L organization: Exercise and Sports Science Department, 160 Pearl Street, EXSS Department, Fitchburg State University, Fitchburg, MA 01420, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Lawrence L surname: Spriet fullname: Spriet, Lawrence L organization: Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27426699$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise...
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SubjectTerms	agent ergogène Analysis Athletes Athletic Performance Bicycling blood Blood Glucose - metabolism Body Mass Index Caffeine Caffeine - administration & dosage Caffeine - blood contre-la-montre cycling cyclisme Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Double-Blind Method elite Epinephrine - blood ergogenic aid exercice physique Exercise Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood Female females free fatty acids glucose Health aspects Heart Rate hematocrit Humans lactic acid Lactic Acid - blood Male males metabolism métabolisme nutrition Oxygen Consumption specific gravity Time Factors time trial urine Young Adult élite
Title	Low and moderate doses of caffeine late in exercise improve performance in trained cyclists
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