The role of quadriceps muscle strength in the development of falls in the elderly people, a cross-sectional study
Background Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) and falls in the elderly subjects. Methods All eligible participants of the Amirkola Cohort Study e...
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| Published in | Chiropractic & manual therapies Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 31 - 6 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
BioMed Central
06.08.2018
BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2045-709X 2045-709X |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12998-018-0195-x |
Cover
| Abstract | Background
Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) and falls in the elderly subjects.
Methods
All eligible participants of the Amirkola Cohort Study entered the study. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory examinations were provided between 2011 to 2014. Occurrence of falls during previous year was determined by interview and review of the medical records. The study patients were divided into low, moderate and high muscle strength groups according to QMS values ≥ 30, 15–30, and < 15 kg respectively). Association between muscle strength and falls was determined by using multiple logistic regression analysis with calculation of odds ratio (OR).
Results
A total 1028 participants (females, 44.3%) were analyzed and 178(17.3%) subjects experienced a fall. Individuals with falls had higher age (
p
= 0.001) and lower QMS value (
p
= 0.001). After adjustment for all clinical and demographic variables, occurrence of falls was negatively associated with QMS and positively associated with age > 70 years old. Compared to group with QMS ≥ 30 kg, the prevalence of falls in low and moderate QMS groups increased by OR = 3(95% CI, 1.78–5.05) and 2.18 (95% CI, 1.22–3.42) respectively.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that older subjects with lower QMS are at greater risk of falls. These findings provide a rational for muscle strengthening exercise in older people. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Abstract Background Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) and falls in the elderly subjects. Methods All eligible participants of the Amirkola Cohort Study entered the study. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory examinations were provided between 2011 to 2014. Occurrence of falls during previous year was determined by interview and review of the medical records. The study patients were divided into low, moderate and high muscle strength groups according to QMS values ≥ 30, 15–30, and < 15 kg respectively). Association between muscle strength and falls was determined by using multiple logistic regression analysis with calculation of odds ratio (OR). Results A total 1028 participants (females, 44.3%) were analyzed and 178(17.3%) subjects experienced a fall. Individuals with falls had higher age (p = 0.001) and lower QMS value (p = 0.001). After adjustment for all clinical and demographic variables, occurrence of falls was negatively associated with QMS and positively associated with age > 70 years old. Compared to group with QMS ≥ 30 kg, the prevalence of falls in low and moderate QMS groups increased by OR = 3(95% CI, 1.78–5.05) and 2.18 (95% CI, 1.22–3.42) respectively. Conclusion These findings indicate that older subjects with lower QMS are at greater risk of falls. These findings provide a rational for muscle strengthening exercise in older people. Muscle weakness, impaired balance and unsteady gait are usually precritical signs and symptoms of fall [6, 7], and is usually a common finding among the aged population, which have been consistently recognized as a risk factor for development of falls and related injuries [8].Case–control studies have demonstrated higher than expected risk of falls and fractures among individuals with gait and muscle dysfunctions [7].Relationship between muscle strength and falls has been shown in many previous studies [6, 9–12], and the effect of muscle strengthen exercises in reducing falls and subsequent disability have been also shown [8, 11, 13]. Table 1 Characteristics of the study elderly population aged 60 years and older with and without falls Variables Subjects with falls(n = 178) Mean ± SD Subjects without falls(n = 850) Mean ± SD P values Age, year 69.8 ± 7.7 68 ± 6.9 0.001 Gender Women 96 (21.1) 359 (78.9) 0.043 Men 82 (14.3) 491 (85.7) – Vitamin D ng/ml 38.1 ± 37 34 ± 31 0.17 Total PAa score, mean ± SD 113 ± 68 115.4 ± 63 0.67 Alcohol consumption No 176 (98.88) 820(96.5) 0.09 yes 2 (1.2) 30(3.5) Visual impairment, no(%) Yes 79 (44.3) 308(36.2) 0.17 No 99 (55.7) 542(63.8) – Osteoporosis b Yes 83 (46.6) 276 (32.4) 0.001 No 95 (53.4) 574(61.6) – Vitamin D deficiency, no(%) Yes 66 (37) 311 (63) 0.93 No 112 (62) 539(38) – Diabetes Yes 59 (33.1) 252 (29.6) 0.50 No 119 (66.8) 598 (70.3) – Hypertension, no(%) Yes 112 (62.) 518 (61) 0.80 No 66 (37) 332 (63) – Obesity c, no(%) Yes 62 (34.8) 270 (31.7) 0.57 No 106 (65.2) 580 (68.2) – QMS d, kg > 30 23 (9.30) 225 (90.7) – 15–30 97 (18.2) 430 (81.8) 0.001 < 15 58 (23.5) 189 (76.5) 0.001 aPhysical activity was assessed by administration of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire [42] bDefined as BMD T-score ≤ − 2.5 cDefined as body mass index > 30 kg m2 dQuadriceps muscle strength Table 2 Asoociated factors of fall in the elderly participants aged 60 years and more, with calculation of crude odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and adjusted OR using multiple regression analysis Variable Subject with falls n = 178 Subject without falls n = 850 Crude OR (95%CI) Adjusted OR (95%CI) Gender n(%) Men 82 (14.3) 491 (85.7) 1 1.15(0.74–1.79) Women 96 (21.1) 359 (78.9) 1.6(1.16–2.22) 1 aBMI(kg/m2) > 30 62 (18.7) 270 (81.3) 1 1 25–30 74 (17.2) 357 (82.8) 1.11(076–1.6) 1.09(0.68–1.7) < 30 42 (15.8) 223 (82.4) 0.82(053–1.26) 1.1(0.71–0.69) bOsteoporosis n(%) Absent 95 (14.2) 574 (85.8) 1 1 Present 83 (23.1) 276 (76.9) 1.88(1.34–3.52) 1.38(0.78–1.9) cQMS (kg) > 30 23 (9.3) 225 (90.7) 1 1 15–30 97 (18.2) 430 (81.8) 2.18(1.34–3.52) 1.72(1.01–2.9) < 15 58 (23.5) 189 (76.5) 3.01(1.78–5) 2.02(1.06–3.85) aBody mass index bDefined as BMD T-score ≤ − 2.5 cQuadriceps muscle strength Prevalence of falls was significantly higher in subjects aged > 70 years as compared with those ≤70 years, OR = 1.7(95% CI, 1.23–2.36). Lack of association in this study may be explained by high frequency of these factors in the control group. [...]a significant association might be detected in a study with larger sample size. Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) and falls in the elderly subjects. All eligible participants of the Amirkola Cohort Study entered the study. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory examinations were provided between 2011 to 2014. Occurrence of falls during previous year was determined by interview and review of the medical records. The study patients were divided into low, moderate and high muscle strength groups according to QMS values [greater than or equai to] 30, 15-30, and < 15 kg respectively). Association between muscle strength and falls was determined by using multiple logistic regression analysis with calculation of odds ratio (OR). A total 1028 participants (females, 44.3%) were analyzed and 178(17.3%) subjects experienced a fall. Individuals with falls had higher age (p = 0.001) and lower QMS value (p = 0.001). After adjustment for all clinical and demographic variables, occurrence of falls was negatively associated with QMS and positively associated with age > 70 years old. Compared to group with QMS [greater than or equai to] 30 kg, the prevalence of falls in low and moderate QMS groups increased by OR = 3(95% CI, 1.78-5.05) and 2.18 (95% CI, 1.22-3.42) respectively. These findings indicate that older subjects with lower QMS are at greater risk of falls. These findings provide a rational for muscle strengthening exercise in older people. Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) and falls in the elderly subjects.BackgroundFalls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) and falls in the elderly subjects.All eligible participants of the Amirkola Cohort Study entered the study. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory examinations were provided between 2011 to 2014. Occurrence of falls during previous year was determined by interview and review of the medical records. The study patients were divided into low, moderate and high muscle strength groups according to QMS values ≥ 30, 15-30, and < 15 kg respectively). Association between muscle strength and falls was determined by using multiple logistic regression analysis with calculation of odds ratio (OR).MethodsAll eligible participants of the Amirkola Cohort Study entered the study. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory examinations were provided between 2011 to 2014. Occurrence of falls during previous year was determined by interview and review of the medical records. The study patients were divided into low, moderate and high muscle strength groups according to QMS values ≥ 30, 15-30, and < 15 kg respectively). Association between muscle strength and falls was determined by using multiple logistic regression analysis with calculation of odds ratio (OR).A total 1028 participants (females, 44.3%) were analyzed and 178(17.3%) subjects experienced a fall. Individuals with falls had higher age (p = 0.001) and lower QMS value (p = 0.001). After adjustment for all clinical and demographic variables, occurrence of falls was negatively associated with QMS and positively associated with age > 70 years old. Compared to group with QMS ≥ 30 kg, the prevalence of falls in low and moderate QMS groups increased by OR = 3(95% CI, 1.78-5.05) and 2.18 (95% CI, 1.22-3.42) respectively.ResultsA total 1028 participants (females, 44.3%) were analyzed and 178(17.3%) subjects experienced a fall. Individuals with falls had higher age (p = 0.001) and lower QMS value (p = 0.001). After adjustment for all clinical and demographic variables, occurrence of falls was negatively associated with QMS and positively associated with age > 70 years old. Compared to group with QMS ≥ 30 kg, the prevalence of falls in low and moderate QMS groups increased by OR = 3(95% CI, 1.78-5.05) and 2.18 (95% CI, 1.22-3.42) respectively.These findings indicate that older subjects with lower QMS are at greater risk of falls. These findings provide a rational for muscle strengthening exercise in older people.ConclusionThese findings indicate that older subjects with lower QMS are at greater risk of falls. These findings provide a rational for muscle strengthening exercise in older people. Background Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) and falls in the elderly subjects. Methods All eligible participants of the Amirkola Cohort Study entered the study. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory examinations were provided between 2011 to 2014. Occurrence of falls during previous year was determined by interview and review of the medical records. The study patients were divided into low, moderate and high muscle strength groups according to QMS values [greater than or equai to] 30, 15-30, and < 15 kg respectively). Association between muscle strength and falls was determined by using multiple logistic regression analysis with calculation of odds ratio (OR). Results A total 1028 participants (females, 44.3%) were analyzed and 178(17.3%) subjects experienced a fall. Individuals with falls had higher age (p = 0.001) and lower QMS value (p = 0.001). After adjustment for all clinical and demographic variables, occurrence of falls was negatively associated with QMS and positively associated with age > 70 years old. Compared to group with QMS [greater than or equai to] 30 kg, the prevalence of falls in low and moderate QMS groups increased by OR = 3(95% CI, 1.78-5.05) and 2.18 (95% CI, 1.22-3.42) respectively. Conclusion These findings indicate that older subjects with lower QMS are at greater risk of falls. These findings provide a rational for muscle strengthening exercise in older people. Keywords: Elderly people, Fall, Quadriceps muscle strength Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) and falls in the elderly subjects. All eligible participants of the Amirkola Cohort Study entered the study. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory examinations were provided between 2011 to 2014. Occurrence of falls during previous year was determined by interview and review of the medical records. The study patients were divided into low, moderate and high muscle strength groups according to QMS values ≥ 30, 15-30, and < 15 kg respectively). Association between muscle strength and falls was determined by using multiple logistic regression analysis with calculation of odds ratio (OR). A total 1028 participants (females, 44.3%) were analyzed and 178(17.3%) subjects experienced a fall. Individuals with falls had higher age ( = 0.001) and lower QMS value ( = 0.001). After adjustment for all clinical and demographic variables, occurrence of falls was negatively associated with QMS and positively associated with age > 70 years old. Compared to group with QMS ≥ 30 kg, the prevalence of falls in low and moderate QMS groups increased by OR = 3(95% CI, 1.78-5.05) and 2.18 (95% CI, 1.22-3.42) respectively. These findings indicate that older subjects with lower QMS are at greater risk of falls. These findings provide a rational for muscle strengthening exercise in older people. Background Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) and falls in the elderly subjects. Methods All eligible participants of the Amirkola Cohort Study entered the study. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory examinations were provided between 2011 to 2014. Occurrence of falls during previous year was determined by interview and review of the medical records. The study patients were divided into low, moderate and high muscle strength groups according to QMS values ≥ 30, 15–30, and < 15 kg respectively). Association between muscle strength and falls was determined by using multiple logistic regression analysis with calculation of odds ratio (OR). Results A total 1028 participants (females, 44.3%) were analyzed and 178(17.3%) subjects experienced a fall. Individuals with falls had higher age ( p = 0.001) and lower QMS value ( p = 0.001). After adjustment for all clinical and demographic variables, occurrence of falls was negatively associated with QMS and positively associated with age > 70 years old. Compared to group with QMS ≥ 30 kg, the prevalence of falls in low and moderate QMS groups increased by OR = 3(95% CI, 1.78–5.05) and 2.18 (95% CI, 1.22–3.42) respectively. Conclusion These findings indicate that older subjects with lower QMS are at greater risk of falls. These findings provide a rational for muscle strengthening exercise in older people. |
| ArticleNumber | 31 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Javadian, Yahya Ahmadiahangar, Alijan Babaei, Mansour Heidari, Behzad Hosseini, Seyedreza Aminzadeh, Mohammad |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30128111$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Elderly people Quadriceps muscle strength Fall |
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| PublicationTitle | Chiropractic & manual therapies |
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| Snippet | Background
Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association... Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between... Background Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the association... Muscle weakness, impaired balance and unsteady gait are usually precritical signs and symptoms of fall [6, 7], and is usually a common finding among the aged... Abstract Background Falls are a major health issue in the elderly people and an important cause of bone fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Accidental falls Accidental Falls - statistics & numerical data Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging Aging - physiology Analysis Arthritis Chiropractic Medicine Cross-Sectional Studies Elderly Elderly people Exercise Fall Female Fractures Fractures, Bone - physiopathology Gait Health aspects Humans Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Mortality Muscle Strength Obesity Older people Quadriceps Muscle - physiopathology Quadriceps muscle strength Rehabilitation Risk factors Vitamin D Vitamin deficiency |
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| Title | The role of quadriceps muscle strength in the development of falls in the elderly people, a cross-sectional study |
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