Staying cool in a changing climate: Reaching vulnerable populations during heat events
► We conduct case studies of heat-related health behaviors in four U.S. cities. ► Interviewees explain barriers to basic cooling strategies such as fan use. ► Intergenerational and peer relationships affect heat-related health among seniors. ► Ongoing planning may best support uptake and maintenance...
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| Published in | Global environmental change Vol. 23; no. 2; pp. 475 - 484 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier Ltd
01.04.2013
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0959-3780 1872-9495 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.011 |
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| Abstract | ► We conduct case studies of heat-related health behaviors in four U.S. cities. ► Interviewees explain barriers to basic cooling strategies such as fan use. ► Intergenerational and peer relationships affect heat-related health among seniors. ► Ongoing planning may best support uptake and maintenance of key health behaviors. ► We inform interventions to protect vulnerable populations in a changing climate.
The frequency and intensity of hot weather events are expected to increase globally, threatening human health, especially among the elderly, poor, and chronically ill. Current literature indicates that emergency preparedness plans, heat health warning systems, and related interventions may not be reaching or supporting behavior change among those most vulnerable in heat events. Using a qualitative multiple case study design, we comprehensively examined practices of these populations to stay cool during hot weather (“cooling behaviors”) in four U.S. cities with documented racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities and diverse heat preparedness strategies: Phoenix, Arizona; Detroit, Michigan; New York City, New York; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Based on semi-structured in-depth interviews we conducted with 173 community members and organizational leaders during 2009–2010, we assessed why vulnerable populations do or do not participate in health-promoting behaviors at home or in their community during heat events, inquiring about perceptions of heat-related threats and vulnerability and the role of social support. While vulnerable populations often recognize heat's potential health threats, many overlook or disassociate from risk factors or rely on experiences living in or visiting warmer climates as a protective factor. Many adopt basic cooling behaviors, but unknowingly harmful behaviors such as improper use of fans and heating and cooling systems are also adopted. Decision-making related to commonly promoted behaviors such as air conditioner use and cooling center attendance is complex, and these resources are often inaccessible financially, physically, or culturally. Interviewees expressed how interpersonal, intergenerational relationships are generally but not always protective, where peer relationships are a valuable mechanism for facilitating cooling behaviors among the elderly during heat events. To prevent disparities in heat morbidity and mortality in an increasingly changing climate, we note the implications of local context, and we broadly inform heat preparedness plans, interventions, and messages by sharing the perspectives and words of community members representing vulnerable populations and leaders who work most closely with them. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The frequency and intensity of hot weather events are expected to increase globally, threatening human health, especially among the elderly, poor, and chronically ill. Current literature indicates that emergency preparedness plans, heat health warning systems, and related interventions may not be reaching or supporting behavior change among those most vulnerable in heat events. Using a qualitative multiple case study design, we comprehensively examined practices of these populations to stay cool during hot weather ("cooling behaviors") in four U.S. cities with documented racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities and diverse heat preparedness strategies: Phoenix, Arizona; Detroit, Michigan; New York City, New York; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Based on semi-structured in-depth interviews we conducted with 173 community members and organizational leaders during 2009-2010, we assessed why vulnerable populations do or do not participate in health-promoting behaviors at home or in their community during heat events, inquiring about perceptions of heat-related threats and vulnerability and the role of social support. While vulnerable populations often recognize heat's potential health threats, many overlook or disassociate from risk factors or rely on experiences living in or visiting warmer climates as a protective factor. Many adopt basic cooling behaviors, but unknowingly harmful behaviors such as improper use of fans and heating and cooling systems are also adopted. Decision-making related to commonly promoted behaviors such as air conditioner use and cooling center attendance is complex, and these resources are often inaccessible financially, physically, or culturally. Interviewees expressed how interpersonal, intergenerational relationships are generally but not always protective, where peer relationships are a valuable mechanism for facilitating cooling behaviors among the elderly during heat events. To prevent disparities in heat morbidity and mortality in an increasingly changing climate, we note the implications of local context, and we broadly inform heat preparedness plans, interventions, and messages by sharing the perspectives and words of community members representing vulnerable populations and leaders who work most closely with them. ► We conduct case studies of heat-related health behaviors in four U.S. cities. ► Interviewees explain barriers to basic cooling strategies such as fan use. ► Intergenerational and peer relationships affect heat-related health among seniors. ► Ongoing planning may best support uptake and maintenance of key health behaviors. ► We inform interventions to protect vulnerable populations in a changing climate. The frequency and intensity of hot weather events are expected to increase globally, threatening human health, especially among the elderly, poor, and chronically ill. Current literature indicates that emergency preparedness plans, heat health warning systems, and related interventions may not be reaching or supporting behavior change among those most vulnerable in heat events. Using a qualitative multiple case study design, we comprehensively examined practices of these populations to stay cool during hot weather (“cooling behaviors”) in four U.S. cities with documented racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities and diverse heat preparedness strategies: Phoenix, Arizona; Detroit, Michigan; New York City, New York; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Based on semi-structured in-depth interviews we conducted with 173 community members and organizational leaders during 2009–2010, we assessed why vulnerable populations do or do not participate in health-promoting behaviors at home or in their community during heat events, inquiring about perceptions of heat-related threats and vulnerability and the role of social support. While vulnerable populations often recognize heat's potential health threats, many overlook or disassociate from risk factors or rely on experiences living in or visiting warmer climates as a protective factor. Many adopt basic cooling behaviors, but unknowingly harmful behaviors such as improper use of fans and heating and cooling systems are also adopted. Decision-making related to commonly promoted behaviors such as air conditioner use and cooling center attendance is complex, and these resources are often inaccessible financially, physically, or culturally. Interviewees expressed how interpersonal, intergenerational relationships are generally but not always protective, where peer relationships are a valuable mechanism for facilitating cooling behaviors among the elderly during heat events. To prevent disparities in heat morbidity and mortality in an increasingly changing climate, we note the implications of local context, and we broadly inform heat preparedness plans, interventions, and messages by sharing the perspectives and words of community members representing vulnerable populations and leaders who work most closely with them. The frequency and intensity of hot weather events are expected to increase globally, threatening human health, especially among the elderly, poor, and chronically ill. Current literature indicates that emergency preparedness plans, heat health warning systems, and related interventions may not be reaching or supporting behavior change among those most vulnerable in heat events. Using a qualitative multiple case study design, we comprehensively examined practices of these populations to stay cool during hot weather ("cooling behaviors") in four U.S. cities with documented racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities and diverse heat preparedness strategies: Phoenix, Arizona; Detroit, Michigan; New York City, New York; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Based on semi-structured in-depth interviews we conducted with 173 community members and organizational leaders during 2009-2010, we assessed why vulnerable populations do or do not participate in health-promoting behaviors at home or in their community during heat events, inquiring about perceptions of heat-related threats and vulnerability and the role of social support. While vulnerable populations often recognize heat's potential health threats, many overlook or disassociate from risk factors or rely on experiences living in or visiting warmer climates as a protective factor. Many adopt basic cooling behaviors, but unknowingly harmful behaviors such as improper use of fans and heating and cooling systems are also adopted. Decision-making related to commonly promoted behaviors such as air conditioner use and cooling center attendance is complex, and these resources are often inaccessible financially, physically, or culturally. Interviewees expressed how interpersonal, intergenerational relationships are generally but not always protective, where peer relationships are a valuable mechanism for facilitating cooling behaviors among the elderly during heat events. To prevent disparities in heat morbidity and mortality in an increasingly changing climate, we note the implications of local context, and we broadly inform heat preparedness plans, interventions, and messages by sharing the perspectives and words of community members representing vulnerable populations and leaders who work most closely with them.The frequency and intensity of hot weather events are expected to increase globally, threatening human health, especially among the elderly, poor, and chronically ill. Current literature indicates that emergency preparedness plans, heat health warning systems, and related interventions may not be reaching or supporting behavior change among those most vulnerable in heat events. Using a qualitative multiple case study design, we comprehensively examined practices of these populations to stay cool during hot weather ("cooling behaviors") in four U.S. cities with documented racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities and diverse heat preparedness strategies: Phoenix, Arizona; Detroit, Michigan; New York City, New York; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Based on semi-structured in-depth interviews we conducted with 173 community members and organizational leaders during 2009-2010, we assessed why vulnerable populations do or do not participate in health-promoting behaviors at home or in their community during heat events, inquiring about perceptions of heat-related threats and vulnerability and the role of social support. While vulnerable populations often recognize heat's potential health threats, many overlook or disassociate from risk factors or rely on experiences living in or visiting warmer climates as a protective factor. Many adopt basic cooling behaviors, but unknowingly harmful behaviors such as improper use of fans and heating and cooling systems are also adopted. Decision-making related to commonly promoted behaviors such as air conditioner use and cooling center attendance is complex, and these resources are often inaccessible financially, physically, or culturally. Interviewees expressed how interpersonal, intergenerational relationships are generally but not always protective, where peer relationships are a valuable mechanism for facilitating cooling behaviors among the elderly during heat events. To prevent disparities in heat morbidity and mortality in an increasingly changing climate, we note the implications of local context, and we broadly inform heat preparedness plans, interventions, and messages by sharing the perspectives and words of community members representing vulnerable populations and leaders who work most closely with them. |
| Author | Buxton, Miatta A. Parker, Edith A. Catalano, Linda O’Neill, Marie S. White-Newsome, Jalonne L. McCormick, Sabrina Conlon, Kathryn C. Sampson, Natalie R. Gronlund, Carina J. |
| AuthorAffiliation | e Union of Concerned Scientists, 1825 K St. NW, Ste. 800 Washington, DC 20006-1232, U.S.A h George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, 2100 M St., NW, Suite 203, Washington, DC 20037, U.S.A g Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A d Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A c Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A a Department of Health Behavior Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A b Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A f Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School o |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: h George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, 2100 M St., NW, Suite 203, Washington, DC 20037, U.S.A – name: f Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A – name: e Union of Concerned Scientists, 1825 K St. NW, Ste. 800 Washington, DC 20006-1232, U.S.A – name: i Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, S161 CPHB, 105 River St., Iowa City, IA, 52242, U.S.A – name: a Department of Health Behavior Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A – name: d Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A – name: g Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A – name: b Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A – name: c Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Natalie R. surname: Sampson fullname: Sampson, Natalie R. email: nsampson@umich.edu organization: Department of Health Behavior Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Carina J. surname: Gronlund fullname: Gronlund, Carina J. email: gronlund@umich.edu organization: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Miatta A. surname: Buxton fullname: Buxton, Miatta A. email: mabuxton@umich.edu organization: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Linda surname: Catalano fullname: Catalano, Linda email: lrc10@earthlink.net organization: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Jalonne L. surname: White-Newsome fullname: White-Newsome, Jalonne L. email: jalonne@umich.edu organization: Union of Concerned Scientists, 1825 K Street, NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20006-1232, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Kathryn C. surname: Conlon fullname: Conlon, Kathryn C. email: kconlon@umich.edu organization: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Marie S. surname: O’Neill fullname: O’Neill, Marie S. email: marieo@umich.edu organization: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Sabrina surname: McCormick fullname: McCormick, Sabrina email: sabrina.mccormick@gmail.com organization: George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, 2100 M Street, NW, Suite 203, Washington, DC 20037, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Edith A. surname: Parker fullname: Parker, Edith A. email: edith-parker@uiowa.edu organization: Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, S161 CPHB, 105 River Street, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27277582$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375195$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Preparedness Heat Vulnerability Health behavior Social support socioeconomic impacts Decision making air climate case studies vulnerability North America factors intensity depth cooling strategy communities heat social support health behavior preparedness |
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| Snippet | ► We conduct case studies of heat-related health behaviors in four U.S. cities. ► Interviewees explain barriers to basic cooling strategies such as fan use. ►... The frequency and intensity of hot weather events are expected to increase globally, threatening human health, especially among the elderly, poor, and... |
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| SubjectTerms | air Arizona behavior change case studies cities Climate climate change Communities Cooling Cooling systems decision making disaster preparedness Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space elderly Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Exact sciences and technology experimental design Health Health behavior health promotion Heat Hot weather human health interviews Marine and continental quaternary Michigan morbidity mortality New York Pennsylvania Pollution, environment geology Populations Preparedness Protective risk factors Social support Surficial geology Vulnerability weather |
| Title | Staying cool in a changing climate: Reaching vulnerable populations during heat events |
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