The relationship between dietary total flavonoids and thyroid function in U.S.adults, NHANES 2007–2010
Although small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between dietary total flavonoids (TFs) intake and serum thyroid function. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between TFs and serum thyroid f...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 19; no. 5; p. e0303169 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Public Library of Science
21.05.2024
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0303169 |
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| Abstract | Although small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between dietary total flavonoids (TFs) intake and serum thyroid function. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between TFs and serum thyroid function.
Our study included 4,949 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction terms were used to explore the relationships between TFs and thyroid function. And we also used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to investigate possible nonlinear relationships.
After adjusting for covariates, we found that log10-transformated dietary total flavonoids intake (LgTFs) was negatively associated with total thyroxine (TT4) (β = -0.153, 95% CI = -0.222 to -0.084, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger and statistically supported association in subjects with high annual family income (β = -0.367, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.026) and subjects with high poverty to income ratio (PIR) (β = -0.622, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.042). And we found a U-shaped curve association between LgTFs and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (inflection point for LgTFs: 2.063).
The results of our study demonstrated that a higher intake of total flavonoids in the diet was negatively associated with a lower TT4. Furthermore, the associations were more pronounced in high annual family income and high PIR adults. And we found a U-shaped relationship between LgTFs and FT3. These findings provided guidance for future thyroid dysfunction diet guidelines. |
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| AbstractList | Although small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between dietary total flavonoids (TFs) intake and serum thyroid function. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between TFs and serum thyroid function. Our study included 4,949 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction terms were used to explore the relationships between TFs and thyroid function. And we also used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to investigate possible nonlinear relationships. After adjusting for covariates, we found that log10-transformated dietary total flavonoids intake (LgTFs) was negatively associated with total thyroxine (TT4) ([beta] = -0.153, 95% CI = -0.222 to -0.084, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger and statistically supported association in subjects with high annual family income ([beta] = -0.367, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.026) and subjects with high poverty to income ratio (PIR) ([beta] = -0.622, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.042). And we found a U-shaped curve association between LgTFs and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (inflection point for LgTFs: 2.063). The results of our study demonstrated that a higher intake of total flavonoids in the diet was negatively associated with a lower TT4. Furthermore, the associations were more pronounced in high annual family income and high PIR adults. And we found a U-shaped relationship between LgTFs and FT3. These findings provided guidance for future thyroid dysfunction diet guidelines. Although small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between dietary total flavonoids (TFs) intake and serum thyroid function. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between TFs and serum thyroid function.BACKGROUNDAlthough small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between dietary total flavonoids (TFs) intake and serum thyroid function. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between TFs and serum thyroid function.Our study included 4,949 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction terms were used to explore the relationships between TFs and thyroid function. And we also used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to investigate possible nonlinear relationships.METHODSOur study included 4,949 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction terms were used to explore the relationships between TFs and thyroid function. And we also used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to investigate possible nonlinear relationships.After adjusting for covariates, we found that log10-transformated dietary total flavonoids intake (LgTFs) was negatively associated with total thyroxine (TT4) (β = -0.153, 95% CI = -0.222 to -0.084, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger and statistically supported association in subjects with high annual family income (β = -0.367, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.026) and subjects with high poverty to income ratio (PIR) (β = -0.622, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.042). And we found a U-shaped curve association between LgTFs and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (inflection point for LgTFs: 2.063).RESULTSAfter adjusting for covariates, we found that log10-transformated dietary total flavonoids intake (LgTFs) was negatively associated with total thyroxine (TT4) (β = -0.153, 95% CI = -0.222 to -0.084, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger and statistically supported association in subjects with high annual family income (β = -0.367, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.026) and subjects with high poverty to income ratio (PIR) (β = -0.622, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.042). And we found a U-shaped curve association between LgTFs and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (inflection point for LgTFs: 2.063).The results of our study demonstrated that a higher intake of total flavonoids in the diet was negatively associated with a lower TT4. Furthermore, the associations were more pronounced in high annual family income and high PIR adults. And we found a U-shaped relationship between LgTFs and FT3. These findings provided guidance for future thyroid dysfunction diet guidelines.CONCLUSIONThe results of our study demonstrated that a higher intake of total flavonoids in the diet was negatively associated with a lower TT4. Furthermore, the associations were more pronounced in high annual family income and high PIR adults. And we found a U-shaped relationship between LgTFs and FT3. These findings provided guidance for future thyroid dysfunction diet guidelines. BackgroundAlthough small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between dietary total flavonoids (TFs) intake and serum thyroid function. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between TFs and serum thyroid function.MethodsOur study included 4,949 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction terms were used to explore the relationships between TFs and thyroid function. And we also used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to investigate possible nonlinear relationships.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, we found that log10-transformated dietary total flavonoids intake (LgTFs) was negatively associated with total thyroxine (TT4) (β = -0.153, 95% CI = -0.222 to -0.084, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger and statistically supported association in subjects with high annual family income (β = -0.367, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.026) and subjects with high poverty to income ratio (PIR) (β = -0.622, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.042). And we found a U-shaped curve association between LgTFs and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (inflection point for LgTFs: 2.063).ConclusionThe results of our study demonstrated that a higher intake of total flavonoids in the diet was negatively associated with a lower TT4. Furthermore, the associations were more pronounced in high annual family income and high PIR adults. And we found a U-shaped relationship between LgTFs and FT3. These findings provided guidance for future thyroid dysfunction diet guidelines. Although small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between dietary total flavonoids (TFs) intake and serum thyroid function. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between TFs and serum thyroid function. Our study included 4,949 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction terms were used to explore the relationships between TFs and thyroid function. And we also used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to investigate possible nonlinear relationships. After adjusting for covariates, we found that log10-transformated dietary total flavonoids intake (LgTFs) was negatively associated with total thyroxine (TT4) (β = -0.153, 95% CI = -0.222 to -0.084, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger and statistically supported association in subjects with high annual family income (β = -0.367, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.026) and subjects with high poverty to income ratio (PIR) (β = -0.622, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.042). And we found a U-shaped curve association between LgTFs and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (inflection point for LgTFs: 2.063). The results of our study demonstrated that a higher intake of total flavonoids in the diet was negatively associated with a lower TT4. Furthermore, the associations were more pronounced in high annual family income and high PIR adults. And we found a U-shaped relationship between LgTFs and FT3. These findings provided guidance for future thyroid dysfunction diet guidelines. Background Although small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between dietary total flavonoids (TFs) intake and serum thyroid function. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between TFs and serum thyroid function. Methods Our study included 4,949 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010. Multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction terms were used to explore the relationships between TFs and thyroid function. And we also used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to investigate possible nonlinear relationships. Results After adjusting for covariates, we found that log10-transformated dietary total flavonoids intake (LgTFs) was negatively associated with total thyroxine (TT4) (β = -0.153, 95% CI = -0.222 to -0.084, P <0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger and statistically supported association in subjects with high annual family income (β = -0.367, P <0.001, P for interaction = 0.026) and subjects with high poverty to income ratio (PIR) (β = -0.622, P <0.001, P for interaction = 0.042). And we found a U-shaped curve association between LgTFs and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (inflection point for LgTFs: 2.063). Conclusion The results of our study demonstrated that a higher intake of total flavonoids in the diet was negatively associated with a lower TT4. Furthermore, the associations were more pronounced in high annual family income and high PIR adults. And we found a U-shaped relationship between LgTFs and FT3. These findings provided guidance for future thyroid dysfunction diet guidelines. Background Although small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between dietary total flavonoids (TFs) intake and serum thyroid function. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between TFs and serum thyroid function. Methods Our study included 4,949 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction terms were used to explore the relationships between TFs and thyroid function. And we also used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to investigate possible nonlinear relationships. Results After adjusting for covariates, we found that log10-transformated dietary total flavonoids intake (LgTFs) was negatively associated with total thyroxine (TT4) ([beta] = -0.153, 95% CI = -0.222 to -0.084, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger and statistically supported association in subjects with high annual family income ([beta] = -0.367, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.026) and subjects with high poverty to income ratio (PIR) ([beta] = -0.622, P<0.001, P for interaction = 0.042). And we found a U-shaped curve association between LgTFs and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (inflection point for LgTFs: 2.063). Conclusion The results of our study demonstrated that a higher intake of total flavonoids in the diet was negatively associated with a lower TT4. Furthermore, the associations were more pronounced in high annual family income and high PIR adults. And we found a U-shaped relationship between LgTFs and FT3. These findings provided guidance for future thyroid dysfunction diet guidelines. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Cui, Yanhua Jia, Chuyu Zhang, Zirui Wu, Jie Hou, Zebin |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Fifth Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China 1 Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China 2 Department of Physical Examination Center, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China 4 Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China New York University Grossman School of Medicine, UNITED STATES |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: New York University Grossman School of Medicine, UNITED STATES – name: 3 Fifth Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China – name: 1 Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China – name: 2 Department of Physical Examination Center, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China – name: 4 Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jie surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Jie – sequence: 2 givenname: Chuyu surname: Jia fullname: Jia, Chuyu – sequence: 3 givenname: Zirui surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Zirui – sequence: 4 givenname: Zebin surname: Hou fullname: Hou, Zebin – sequence: 5 givenname: Yanhua orcidid: 0009-0005-0545-0793 surname: Cui fullname: Cui, Yanhua |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38771770$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Although small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between dietary total... Background Although small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between... BackgroundAlthough small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between... Background Although small studies have shown that flavonoids can affect thyroid disease, few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between... |
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| Title | The relationship between dietary total flavonoids and thyroid function in U.S.adults, NHANES 2007–2010 |
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