Psychosocial Stress Increases Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity Independently from Plasma Noradrenaline Levels
Salivary alpha-amylase activity (sAA) and plasma noradrenaline (NA) concentrations are often considered to be surrogate markers of sympathetic activation in response to stress. However, despite accumulating evidence for a close association between sAA and noradrenaline and other indicators of sympat...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 10; no. 8; p. e0134561 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
06.08.2015
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0134561 |
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| Abstract | Salivary alpha-amylase activity (sAA) and plasma noradrenaline (NA) concentrations are often considered to be surrogate markers of sympathetic activation in response to stress. However, despite accumulating evidence for a close association between sAA and noradrenaline and other indicators of sympathetic activity, reliability and generality of this relation remains unclear. We employed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in order to directly compare the responses in sAA and NA to psychological stress in healthy volunteers (n = 23). The TSST significantly increased sAA and NA plasma levels with no significant differences in females and males. However, when subjects were divided according to their NA responses into low versus high responders, both groups did not significantly differ in their sAA before, during or after stress exposure. These data suggest that in response to acute psychological stress both plasma NA levels and sAA reflect sympathetic activity, however seemed to increase independently from each other. |
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| AbstractList | Salivary alpha-amylase activity (sAA) and plasma noradrenaline (NA) concentrations are often considered to be surrogate markers of sympathetic activation in response to stress. However, despite accumulating evidence for a close association between sAA and noradrenaline and other indicators of sympathetic activity, reliability and generality of this relation remains unclear. We employed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in order to directly compare the responses in sAA and NA to psychological stress in healthy volunteers (n = 23). The TSST significantly increased sAA and NA plasma levels with no significant differences in females and males. However, when subjects were divided according to their NA responses into low versus high responders, both groups did not significantly differ in their sAA before, during or after stress exposure. These data suggest that in response to acute psychological stress both plasma NA levels and sAA reflect sympathetic activity, however seemed to increase independently from each other. Salivary alpha-amylase activity (sAA) and plasma noradrenaline (NA) concentrations are often considered to be surrogate markers of sympathetic activation in response to stress. However, despite accumulating evidence for a close association between sAA and noradrenaline and other indicators of sympathetic activity, reliability and generality of this relation remains unclear. We employed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in order to directly compare the responses in sAA and NA to psychological stress in healthy volunteers (n = 23). The TSST significantly increased sAA and NA plasma levels with no significant differences in females and males. However, when subjects were divided according to their NA responses into low versus high responders, both groups did not significantly differ in their sAA before, during or after stress exposure. These data suggest that in response to acute psychological stress both plasma NA levels and sAA reflect sympathetic activity, however seemed to increase independently from each other.Salivary alpha-amylase activity (sAA) and plasma noradrenaline (NA) concentrations are often considered to be surrogate markers of sympathetic activation in response to stress. However, despite accumulating evidence for a close association between sAA and noradrenaline and other indicators of sympathetic activity, reliability and generality of this relation remains unclear. We employed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in order to directly compare the responses in sAA and NA to psychological stress in healthy volunteers (n = 23). The TSST significantly increased sAA and NA plasma levels with no significant differences in females and males. However, when subjects were divided according to their NA responses into low versus high responders, both groups did not significantly differ in their sAA before, during or after stress exposure. These data suggest that in response to acute psychological stress both plasma NA levels and sAA reflect sympathetic activity, however seemed to increase independently from each other. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Petrakova, Liubov Vits, Sabine Grigoleit, Jan-Sebastian Doering, Bettina K. Rief, Winfried Engler, Harald Schedlowski, Manfred |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, GERMANY 1 Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany 3 Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, GERMANY – name: 1 Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany – name: 3 Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America – name: 2 Department of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Liubov surname: Petrakova fullname: Petrakova, Liubov – sequence: 2 givenname: Bettina K. surname: Doering fullname: Doering, Bettina K. – sequence: 3 givenname: Sabine surname: Vits fullname: Vits, Sabine – sequence: 4 givenname: Harald surname: Engler fullname: Engler, Harald – sequence: 5 givenname: Winfried surname: Rief fullname: Rief, Winfried – sequence: 6 givenname: Manfred surname: Schedlowski fullname: Schedlowski, Manfred – sequence: 7 givenname: Jan-Sebastian surname: Grigoleit fullname: Grigoleit, Jan-Sebastian |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26247781$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science 2015 Petrakova et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2015 Petrakova et al 2015 Petrakova et al |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: HE WR MS. Performed the experiments: BKD SV. Analyzed the data: LP JSG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WR MS. Wrote the paper: LP JSG. Competing Interests: This study was funded by sponsor Biologische Heilmittel Heel GmbH, Dr. Reckeweg-Str. 2-4, 76532 Baden-Baden, Germany (http://www.heel.com/). This study is part of a larger project aiming to evaluate the efficacy of a drug in experimental stress conditions (EudraCT number: 2012-002359-40, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01703832). This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The sponsor was involved in study design but not in data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors declare no competing financial interests relating to employment, consultancy, patents, products in development, marketed products or any other instance. |
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Clin Physiol. 1996 Jul;16(4):433-48 |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Amylases Anxiety Behavior Clinical psychology Female Females Gender differences Heart rate Heart Rate - physiology Humans Hydrocortisone - analysis Hydrocortisone - blood Laboratories Male Males Middle Aged Nervous system Noradrenaline Norepinephrine Norepinephrine - blood Physiological aspects Physiology Plasma Plasma levels Psychological aspects Psychological stress Psychotherapy Saliva - enzymology Salivary alpha-Amylases - metabolism Social aspects Social interactions Stress (Psychology) Stress, Psychological α-Amylase |
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| Title | Psychosocial Stress Increases Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity Independently from Plasma Noradrenaline Levels |
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