Keep moving without hurting: The interaction between physical activity and pain in determining cognitive function at the population level
A number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous studies have evaluated these factors at the population level. To evaluate the association between cognitive function in the elderly with pain, physical a...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 13; no. 6; p. e0197745 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
01.06.2018
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0197745 |
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| Abstract | A number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous studies have evaluated these factors at the population level.
To evaluate the association between cognitive function in the elderly with pain, physical activity, and the interaction between these variables. Estimates are generated for the United States population.
We made use of the NHANES database (1999-2002), making adjustments so that our results represent the United States population. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Our main predictors were (1) pain, defined as soreness of either the shoulder, neck, lower back and joint, or a severe headache (2) physical activity, measured as the performance while performing tasks at home, physical activity intensity, walking, bicycle riding, and muscle strengthening.
Most individual pain sites were not significantly associated with cognitive function, while all physical activity factors were associated with an increase in cognitive function. When evaluating the sample subset of those with cognitive scores lower than the median, a combination of more pain and less physical activity was consistently associated with lower cognitive scores when compared to those performing more physical activity with or without pain. When evaluating individuals with cognitive scores above the median, a similar association pattern was perceived.
Among the population of individuals above the age of 60, higher cognitive levels are associated with more physical activity and less with pain, although both factors might impact cognition. Public policy resources should be commensurate with these findings when targeting cognitive function among the aging population. |
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| AbstractList | Background A number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous studies have evaluated these factors at the population level. Aims To evaluate the association between cognitive function in the elderly with pain, physical activity, and the interaction between these variables. Estimates are generated for the United States population. Methods We made use of the NHANES database (1999-2002), making adjustments so that our results represent the United States population. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Our main predictors were (1) pain, defined as soreness of either the shoulder, neck, lower back and joint, or a severe headache (2) physical activity, measured as the performance while performing tasks at home, physical activity intensity, walking, bicycle riding, and muscle strengthening. Results Most individual pain sites were not significantly associated with cognitive function, while all physical activity factors were associated with an increase in cognitive function. When evaluating the sample subset of those with cognitive scores lower than the median, a combination of more pain and less physical activity was consistently associated with lower cognitive scores when compared to those performing more physical activity with or without pain. When evaluating individuals with cognitive scores above the median, a similar association pattern was perceived. Conclusions Among the population of individuals above the age of 60, higher cognitive levels are associated with more physical activity and less with pain, although both factors might impact cognition. Public policy resources should be commensurate with these findings when targeting cognitive function among the aging population. A number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous studies have evaluated these factors at the population level. To evaluate the association between cognitive function in the elderly with pain, physical activity, and the interaction between these variables. Estimates are generated for the United States population. We made use of the NHANES database (1999-2002), making adjustments so that our results represent the United States population. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Our main predictors were (1) pain, defined as soreness of either the shoulder, neck, lower back and joint, or a severe headache (2) physical activity, measured as the performance while performing tasks at home, physical activity intensity, walking, bicycle riding, and muscle strengthening. Most individual pain sites were not significantly associated with cognitive function, while all physical activity factors were associated with an increase in cognitive function. When evaluating the sample subset of those with cognitive scores lower than the median, a combination of more pain and less physical activity was consistently associated with lower cognitive scores when compared to those performing more physical activity with or without pain. When evaluating individuals with cognitive scores above the median, a similar association pattern was perceived. Among the population of individuals above the age of 60, higher cognitive levels are associated with more physical activity and less with pain, although both factors might impact cognition. Public policy resources should be commensurate with these findings when targeting cognitive function among the aging population. Background A number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous studies have evaluated these factors at the population level. Aims To evaluate the association between cognitive function in the elderly with pain, physical activity, and the interaction between these variables. Estimates are generated for the United States population. Methods We made use of the NHANES database (1999–2002), making adjustments so that our results represent the United States population. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Our main predictors were (1) pain, defined as soreness of either the shoulder, neck, lower back and joint, or a severe headache (2) physical activity, measured as the performance while performing tasks at home, physical activity intensity, walking, bicycle riding, and muscle strengthening. Results Most individual pain sites were not significantly associated with cognitive function, while all physical activity factors were associated with an increase in cognitive function. When evaluating the sample subset of those with cognitive scores lower than the median, a combination of more pain and less physical activity was consistently associated with lower cognitive scores when compared to those performing more physical activity with or without pain. When evaluating individuals with cognitive scores above the median, a similar association pattern was perceived. Conclusions Among the population of individuals above the age of 60, higher cognitive levels are associated with more physical activity and less with pain, although both factors might impact cognition. Public policy resources should be commensurate with these findings when targeting cognitive function among the aging population. A number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous studies have evaluated these factors at the population level. To evaluate the association between cognitive function in the elderly with pain, physical activity, and the interaction between these variables. Estimates are generated for the United States population. We made use of the NHANES database (1999-2002), making adjustments so that our results represent the United States population. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Our main predictors were (1) pain, defined as soreness of either the shoulder, neck, lower back and joint, or a severe headache (2) physical activity, measured as the performance while performing tasks at home, physical activity intensity, walking, bicycle riding, and muscle strengthening. Most individual pain sites were not significantly associated with cognitive function, while all physical activity factors were associated with an increase in cognitive function. When evaluating the sample subset of those with cognitive scores lower than the median, a combination of more pain and less physical activity was consistently associated with lower cognitive scores when compared to those performing more physical activity with or without pain. When evaluating individuals with cognitive scores above the median, a similar association pattern was perceived. Among the population of individuals above the age of 60, higher cognitive levels are associated with more physical activity and less with pain, although both factors might impact cognition. Public policy resources should be commensurate with these findings when targeting cognitive function among the aging population. A number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous studies have evaluated these factors at the population level.BACKGROUNDA number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous studies have evaluated these factors at the population level.To evaluate the association between cognitive function in the elderly with pain, physical activity, and the interaction between these variables. Estimates are generated for the United States population.AIMSTo evaluate the association between cognitive function in the elderly with pain, physical activity, and the interaction between these variables. Estimates are generated for the United States population.We made use of the NHANES database (1999-2002), making adjustments so that our results represent the United States population. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Our main predictors were (1) pain, defined as soreness of either the shoulder, neck, lower back and joint, or a severe headache (2) physical activity, measured as the performance while performing tasks at home, physical activity intensity, walking, bicycle riding, and muscle strengthening.METHODSWe made use of the NHANES database (1999-2002), making adjustments so that our results represent the United States population. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Our main predictors were (1) pain, defined as soreness of either the shoulder, neck, lower back and joint, or a severe headache (2) physical activity, measured as the performance while performing tasks at home, physical activity intensity, walking, bicycle riding, and muscle strengthening.Most individual pain sites were not significantly associated with cognitive function, while all physical activity factors were associated with an increase in cognitive function. When evaluating the sample subset of those with cognitive scores lower than the median, a combination of more pain and less physical activity was consistently associated with lower cognitive scores when compared to those performing more physical activity with or without pain. When evaluating individuals with cognitive scores above the median, a similar association pattern was perceived.RESULTSMost individual pain sites were not significantly associated with cognitive function, while all physical activity factors were associated with an increase in cognitive function. When evaluating the sample subset of those with cognitive scores lower than the median, a combination of more pain and less physical activity was consistently associated with lower cognitive scores when compared to those performing more physical activity with or without pain. When evaluating individuals with cognitive scores above the median, a similar association pattern was perceived.Among the population of individuals above the age of 60, higher cognitive levels are associated with more physical activity and less with pain, although both factors might impact cognition. Public policy resources should be commensurate with these findings when targeting cognitive function among the aging population.CONCLUSIONSAmong the population of individuals above the age of 60, higher cognitive levels are associated with more physical activity and less with pain, although both factors might impact cognition. Public policy resources should be commensurate with these findings when targeting cognitive function among the aging population. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Cioffi, Valeria Iorio, Vittoria Silviana Caiazzo, Giovanni Maldonato, Nelson Mauro Fusco, Maria Luigia De Santo, Rosa Maria Sperandeo, Raffaele Marone, Patrizia Nascivera, Nicole Cozzolino, Pasquale Gigante, Elena Scognamiglio, Chiara |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 SiPGI, School of Specialization in Integrated Gestalt Psychotherapy, Torre Annunziata, Naples, Italy 1 Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy 2 Department of Human Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy – name: 3 SiPGI, School of Specialization in Integrated Gestalt Psychotherapy, Torre Annunziata, Naples, Italy – name: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL – name: 2 Department of Human Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nelson Mauro orcidid: 0000-0002-6401-2305 surname: Maldonato fullname: Maldonato, Nelson Mauro – sequence: 2 givenname: Raffaele surname: Sperandeo fullname: Sperandeo, Raffaele – sequence: 3 givenname: Giovanni surname: Caiazzo fullname: Caiazzo, Giovanni – sequence: 4 givenname: Valeria surname: Cioffi fullname: Cioffi, Valeria – sequence: 5 givenname: Pasquale surname: Cozzolino fullname: Cozzolino, Pasquale – sequence: 6 givenname: Rosa Maria surname: De Santo fullname: De Santo, Rosa Maria – sequence: 7 givenname: Maria Luigia surname: Fusco fullname: Fusco, Maria Luigia – sequence: 8 givenname: Vittoria Silviana surname: Iorio fullname: Iorio, Vittoria Silviana – sequence: 9 givenname: Elena surname: Gigante fullname: Gigante, Elena – sequence: 10 givenname: Patrizia surname: Marone fullname: Marone, Patrizia – sequence: 11 givenname: Nicole surname: Nascivera fullname: Nascivera, Nicole – sequence: 12 givenname: Chiara surname: Scognamiglio fullname: Scognamiglio, Chiara |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29856761$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2024_1401008 crossref_primary_10_1002_hsr2_70367 crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare12181841 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gerinurse_2024_02_028 |
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| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science 2018 Maldonato et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2018 Maldonato et al 2018 Maldonato et al |
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| Snippet | A number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous studies have... Background A number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous... BACKGROUND:A number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous... Background A number of studies have evaluated the association between cognitive function, pain, and physical activity. To our knowledge, however, no previous... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging Alzheimer's disease Bicycles Biology and Life Sciences Causes of Cognition Cognition & reasoning Cognition - physiology Cognitive ability Cognitive disorders Dementia Elderly Executive Function - physiology Exercise Female Geriatrics Headache Health aspects Humans Knee pain Male Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Motor Activity - physiology Muscles Neck Neuropsychological Tests Neurosciences Nutrition Older people Pain Pain - epidemiology Pain - physiopathology People and places Physical activity Physical fitness Population Psychotherapy Public policy Risk factors Specialization Studies United States - epidemiology Walking Wechsler Scales |
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| Title | Keep moving without hurting: The interaction between physical activity and pain in determining cognitive function at the population level |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29856761 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2049517085 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2049555954 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5983501 https://doaj.org/article/ab0b0af647324a47b2047b3c2cb09a93 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197745 |
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