基于SWAT模型的浑太河流域农业面源污染物产生量估算
结合浑太河流域的下垫面、水文气象、污染源的物理特征,基于实际监测数据,率定验证模型,建立降雨径流、土地利用方式对应下的SWAT模型,对农业面源污染物的迁移-转化过程进行模拟计算,系统解析流域面源污染物排放量、分布特征。划定浑河、太子河、大辽河干流左右岸河流两侧l km、水库周围5 km为缓冲区,改变现有的土地利用方式,恢复天然生态。以常规发展模式为基础,计算在区域生态保护占优模式下污染物产生量。在常规发展模式下,浑太河流域年平均土壤侵蚀模数为400 kg/hm~2,总氮、总磷输出强度为19、7 kg/hm~2;从单位面积上看,总氮、总磷负荷强度最大值分别为317、260 kg/hm~2。总氮、...
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| Published in | 农业工程学报 Vol. 32; no. 8; pp. 1 - 8 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
中国水利水电科学研究院水环境所,北京,100038%北京江河湖泊信息技术有限公司,北京,100025%中国地质大学中国地质科学院,北京,100083%河北农业大学城乡建设学院,保定,071000
2016
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1002-6819 |
| DOI | 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.08.001 |
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| Abstract | 结合浑太河流域的下垫面、水文气象、污染源的物理特征,基于实际监测数据,率定验证模型,建立降雨径流、土地利用方式对应下的SWAT模型,对农业面源污染物的迁移-转化过程进行模拟计算,系统解析流域面源污染物排放量、分布特征。划定浑河、太子河、大辽河干流左右岸河流两侧l km、水库周围5 km为缓冲区,改变现有的土地利用方式,恢复天然生态。以常规发展模式为基础,计算在区域生态保护占优模式下污染物产生量。在常规发展模式下,浑太河流域年平均土壤侵蚀模数为400 kg/hm~2,总氮、总磷输出强度为19、7 kg/hm~2;从单位面积上看,总氮、总磷负荷强度最大值分别为317、260 kg/hm~2。总氮、总磷负荷强度空间差异较大,通过面积加权计算,平均负荷强度为29和10 kg/hm~2。在生态保护占优模式下,耕地的氮、磷损失量有所减少,总氮、总磷单位面积年减少量为9.5、0.9 t/hm~2;从农业面源污染物化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、氨氮来源层面分析,单位面积土地退耕后化学需氧量、氨氮污染物减少量为14、5 kg/hm~2。经比较,在生态保护占优发展模式下面源污染物产生量相对常规发展模式下减少9%,化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、总氮分别减少5.12%、31.67%、10.40%、25.95%,农业面源污染减排效果明显。研究为实现浑太河流域污染物排放总量不超标、水体水质达标,并确保农业基础地位不动摇,充分挖掘区域农业减排增收潜力提供策略依据。 |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | 结合浑太河流域的下垫面、水文气象、污染源的物理特征,基于实际监测数据,率定验证模型,建立降雨径流、土地利用方式对应下的SWAT模型,对农业面源污染物的迁移-转化过程进行模拟计算,系统解析流域面源污染物排放量、分布特征。划定浑河、太子河、大辽河干流左右岸河流两侧l km、水库周围5 km为缓冲区,改变现有的土地利用方式,恢复天然生态。以常规发展模式为基础,计算在区域生态保护占优模式下污染物产生量。在常规发展模式下,浑太河流域年平均土壤侵蚀模数为400 kg/hm~2,总氮、总磷输出强度为19、7 kg/hm~2;从单位面积上看,总氮、总磷负荷强度最大值分别为317、260 kg/hm~2。总氮、总磷负荷强度空间差异较大,通过面积加权计算,平均负荷强度为29和10 kg/hm~2。在生态保护占优模式下,耕地的氮、磷损失量有所减少,总氮、总磷单位面积年减少量为9.5、0.9 t/hm~2;从农业面源污染物化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、氨氮来源层面分析,单位面积土地退耕后化学需氧量、氨氮污染物减少量为14、5 kg/hm~2。经比较,在生态保护占优发展模式下面源污染物产生量相对常规发展模式下减少9%,化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、总氮分别减少5.12%、31.67%、10.40%、25.95%,农业面源污染减排效果明显。研究为实现浑太河流域污染物排放总量不超标、水体水质达标,并确保农业基础地位不动摇,充分挖掘区域农业减排增收潜力提供策略依据。 X52; 结合浑太河流域的下垫面、水文气象、污染源的物理特征，基于实际监测数据，率定验证模型，建立降雨径流、土地利用方式对应下的SWAT模型，对农业面源污染物的迁移-转化过程进行模拟计算，系统解析流域面源污染物排放量、分布特征。划定浑河、太子河、大辽河干流左右岸河流两侧l km、水库周围5 km为缓冲区，改变现有的土地利用方式，恢复天然生态。以常规发展模式为基础，计算在区域生态保护占优模式下污染物产生量。在常规发展模式下，浑太河流域年平均土壤侵蚀模数为400 kg/hm2，总氮、总磷输出强度为19、7 kg/hm2；从单位面积上看，总氮、总磷负荷强度最大值分别为317、260 kg/hm2。总氮、总磷负荷强度空间差异较大，通过面积加权计算，平均负荷强度为29和10 kg/hm2。在生态保护占优模式下，耕地的氮、磷损失量有所减少，总氮、总磷单位面积年减少量为9.5、0.9 t/hm2；从农业面源污染物化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand，COD）、氨氮来源层面分析，单位面积土地退耕后化学需氧量、氨氮污染物减少量为14、5 kg/hm2。经比较，在生态保护占优发展模式下面源污染物产生量相对常规发展模式下减少9%，化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、总氮分别减少5.12%、31.67%、10.40%、25.95%，农业面源污染减排效果明显。研究为实现浑太河流域污染物排放总量不超标、水体水质达标，并确保农业基础地位不动摇，充分挖掘区域农业减排增收潜力提供策略依据。 |
| Abstract_FL | The establishment of non-point source pollutants output load model under the mode of rainfall-runoff and land use, the analog calculation of agricultural non-point source pollutants in the process of migration and transformation, and the systematic analysis of non-point source pollutants discharge quantity, distribution and composition characteristics are based on actual monitoring data, calibration and validation model, in consideration of underlying surface, hydrology and meteorology, and physical features of Huntai River basin. The areas 1 km away from each side of master stream Huntai River, Taizihe River and Daliaohe River and 5 km away from reservoir were defined as buffer zone, where the mode of land use was transformed so as to restore the natural ecosystem. The process of pollutant migration and conversion was simulated based on the calibration of key hydrological parameters, and the causes as well as the migratory features of non-point source pollution were investigated. The primary area of water environment pollution was mainly distributed along both sides of the water channel of the mainstreams of Huntai River. The point-source pollutant was mainly related to the distribution of industry and the amount of discharged wastewater. The risk of non-point pollution was mainly related to the pattern of agricultural plantation and farmland utilization. The secondary area of water environment pollution was mainly distributed along both sides of the water channel of tributaries. Therefore, the situation of pollutant production corresponding to the intra-regional regulation of industrial structure, land utilization pattern surrounding the water channel should be highlighted. The non-point pollution in Huntai watershed was dominated by farmland pollution, and the main indices of pollutants were total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P). The contribution rate of pollutants was farmland runoff > livestock and poultry breeding > urban runoff > water and soil erosion > rural household wastes. For the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the primary source of pollution was the livestock and poultry breeding, followed by urban runoff and rural household wastes. Seen from unit area, the high loading intensity for total N was mainly distributed in Tai’an County and Haicheng City that locate at the lower reaches of Dahuofang Reservoir, and in Fushun County and Haicheng City that locate at the lower reaches of Taizi River. The high loading intensity for total P was mainly distributed in Tai’an County and Haicheng City, and in Fushun County. The loading intensity of total P in Dahuofang Reservoir and surrounding area, Tanghe Reservoir, and Shenwo Reservoir was not high. Considering the topography and the distribution of soil type, soil type at the upper reaches with large slope was dominated by brown soil and salinized paddy soil, which were easy to be eroded. The topography in Anshan, Haicheng, Yingkou and Panjin was even and had lower altitude. The soil type in these areas was dominated by meadow soil and brown soil. The amount of soil erosion and loss was not high and the loading capacity of pollutant was relatively small. The loading intensity of total N and total P in the middle and lower reaches of this area, such as Xinmin County, Shenyang City and Lianzhong County, was high. Seen from the distribution of land types in Taizi River watershed, the dry and wet farmlands in plain area were the key source areas of pollution load. In view of the topography, landform, land use type and condition, the pollution load in the upper reaches of this watershed area was relatively low because of higher vegetation density and less plow land, while it was high in the lower reaches because of more farmland and agricultural fertilization, and severer water erosion and soil loss. Under the pattern of conventional development, average annual soil erosion modulus of Huntai River basin was 400 kg/hm2, and total P and N output intensity was 7 and 19 kg/hm2, respectively. From the aspect of unit area, the maximum load intensity for total N and P was 317 and 260 kg/hm2, respectively. Owing to spatial variation in load intensity, average load intensity for total N and P was 29 and 10 kg/hm2 respectively based on the calculation of area weighting. Under prevailing pattern of ecological protection, the loss amount of N and P was decreased. Annual reduction of total N and P was 9500 and 900 kg/hm2, respectively. The reduction amount of COD and ammonia nitrogen pollutants, caused by the conversion of arable land to forestry, was 14 and 5 kg/hm2, respectively. Through the comparison, the amount of pollutants under prevailing pattern of ecological protection was 9% less than that under the pattern of conventional development, and the reductions in COD, ammonia nitrogen, total N and total P were 5.12%, 31.67%, 10.40% and 25.95%, respectively. |
| Author | 付意成;臧文斌;董飞;付敏;张剑 |
| AuthorAffiliation | 中国水利水电科学研究院水环境所;北京江河湖泊信息技术有限公司;中国地质大学;中国地质科学院;河北农业大学城乡建设学院 |
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| Author_FL | Fu Min Fu Yicheng Zang Wenbin Dong Fei Zhang Jian |
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| DocumentTitle_FL | Yield calculation of agricultural non-point source pollutants in Huntai River Basin based on SWAT model |
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| Keywords | calculation nitrogen pollution 估算 N 生态保护占优 prevailing mode of ecological protection P SWAT model SWAT模型 Huntai River 污染 浑太河 phosphorus |
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| Notes | 11-2047/S Fu Yicheng;Zang Wenbin;Dong Fei;Fu Min;Zhang Jian;Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;Beijing Water Science IT Co., Ltd;Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, China University of Geosciences;Institute of Urban and Rural Construction, Agricultural University of Hebei |
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| Snippet | 结合浑太河流域的下垫面、水文气象、污染源的物理特征,基于实际监测数据,率定验证模型,建立降雨径流、土地利用方式对应下的SWAT模型,对农业面源污染物的迁移-转化过程进行模... X52; 结合浑太河流域的下垫面、水文气象、污染源的物理特征，基于实际监测数据，率定验证模型，建立降雨径流、土地利用方式对应下的SWAT模型，对农业面源污染物的迁移-转化过... |
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| SubjectTerms | 污染;估算;N;P;SWAT模型;生态保护占优;浑太河 |
| Title | 基于SWAT模型的浑太河流域农业面源污染物产生量估算 |
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