The Effects of Visual Feedback on Performance in Heart Rate- and Power-Based-Tasks during a Constant Load Cycling Test
Performance feedback can be essential for cyclists to help with pacing their efforts during competitions and also during standardized performance tests. However, the choice of feedback options on modern bike computers is limited. Moreover, little research on the effectiveness of the currently used f...
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| Published in | Journal of sports science & medicine Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 49 - 57 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Turkey
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
01.03.2022
Uludag University |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1303-2968 1303-2968 |
| DOI | 10.52082/jssm.2022.49 |
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| Abstract | Performance feedback can be essential for cyclists to help with pacing their efforts during competitions and also during standardized performance tests. However, the choice of feedback options on modern bike computers is limited. Moreover, little research on the effectiveness of the currently used feedback methods is available. In this study, two novel feedback variants using a bar or a tacho to visualize targets and deviation from targets were compared to a classic design using only numbers. Participants (6 female and 25 male trained to well-trained athletes) completed a protocol consisting of three heart rate-based tasks and one power-based task. The displays were compared with respect to their ability to guide athletes during their trials. Results showed lower root mean square error (RMSE) of the novel variants, but no significant effect of feedback variant on RMSE was found for both tasks (p > 0.05). However, when comparing the feedback variants on a person to person basis, significant differences were found for all investigated scenarios (p < 0.001). This leads to the conclusion that novel feedback variants can improve athletes’ ability to follow heart rate-based and power-based protocols, but even better results might be achieved by individualizing the feedback. |
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| AbstractList | Performance feedback can be essential for cyclists to help with pacing their efforts during competitions and also during standardized performance tests. However, the choice of feedback options on modern bike computers is limited. Moreover, little research on the effectiveness of the currently used feedback methods is available. In this study, two novel feedback variants using a bar or a tacho to visualize targets and deviation from targets were compared to a classic design using only numbers. Participants (6 female and 25 male trained to well-trained athletes) completed a protocol consisting of three heart rate-based tasks and one power-based task. The displays were compared with respect to their ability to guide athletes during their trials. Results showed lower root mean square error (RMSE) of the novel variants, but no significant effect of feedback variant on RMSE was found for both tasks (p > 0.05). However, when comparing the feedback variants on a person to person basis, significant differences were found for all investigated scenarios (p < 0.001). This leads to the conclusion that novel feedback variants can improve athletes’ ability to follow heart rate-based and power-based protocols, but even better results might be achieved by individualizing the feedback.
Key points
Novel visual feedback variants, – different from traditional number-based displays – might increase accuracy in testing, i.e. help athletes to reduce deviations from assigned targets (heart rate or power).
Individual differences between athletes exist with regard to the best feed-back variant.
Best results could be achieved by providing athletes with individualized feedback. Performance feedback can be essential for cyclists to help with pacing their efforts during competitions and also during standardized performance tests. However, the choice of feedback options on modern bike computers is limited. Moreover, little research on the effectiveness of the currently used feedback methods is available. In this study, two novel feedback variants using a bar or a tacho to visualize targets and deviation from targets were compared to a classic design using only numbers. Participants (6 female and 25 male trained to well-trained athletes) completed a protocol consisting of three heart rate-based tasks and one power-based task. The displays were compared with respect to their ability to guide athletes during their trials. Results showed lower root mean square error (RMSE) of the novel variants, but no significant effect of feedback variant on RMSE was found for both tasks (p > 0.05). However, when comparing the feedback variants on a person to person basis, significant differences were found for all investigated scenarios (p < 0.001). This leads to the conclusion that novel feedback variants can improve athletes' ability to follow heart rate-based and power-based protocols, but even better results might be achieved by individualizing the feedback. Key words: Feedback, cycling, power, heart rate, accuracy, PEGASOS Performance feedback can be essential for cyclists to help with pacing their efforts during competitions and also during standardized performance tests. However, the choice of feedback options on modern bike computers is limited. Moreover, little research on the effectiveness of the currently used feedback methods is available. In this study, two novel feedback variants using a bar or a tacho to visualize targets and deviation from targets were compared to a classic design using only numbers. Participants (6 female and 25 male trained to well-trained athletes) completed a protocol consisting of three heart rate-based tasks and one power-based task. The displays were compared with respect to their ability to guide athletes during their trials. Results showed lower root mean square error (RMSE) of the novel variants, but no significant effect of feedback variant on RMSE was found for both tasks (p > 0.05). However, when comparing the feedback variants on a person to person basis, significant differences were found for all investigated scenarios (p < 0.001). This leads to the conclusion that novel feedback variants can improve athletes' ability to follow heart rate-based and power-based protocols, but even better results might be achieved by individualizing the feedback. Abstract Performance feedback can be essential for cyclists to help with pacing their efforts during competitions and also during standardized performance tests. [...]little research on the effectiveness of the currently used feedback methods is available. Other tests involve performing a task with a constant load such as time trials over a fixed distance (e.g. 3km time trial), or at a fixed intensity (e.g. performing a task at a certain percentage of maximal heart rate) (Coutts et al., 2007; Taylor et al., 2012). [...]some test protocols combine tasks and thus measure multiple parameters. Furthermore, narcissism also has an effect on how feedback is processed by individuals (Malkin et al.. [...]studies focusing on movement have shown differences between subjects in their ability to adopt to visual feedback. [...]it can be expected that not all participants will have beneficial reactions to a type of feedback. Performance feedback can be essential for cyclists to help with pacing their efforts during competitions and also during standardized performance tests. However, the choice of feedback options on modern bike computers is limited. Moreover, little research on the effectiveness of the currently used feedback methods is available. In this study, two novel feedback variants using a bar or a tacho to visualize targets and deviation from targets were compared to a classic design using only numbers. Participants (6 female and 25 male trained to well-trained athletes) completed a protocol consisting of three heart rate-based tasks and one power-based task. The displays were compared with respect to their ability to guide athletes during their trials. Results showed lower root mean square error (RMSE) of the novel variants, but no significant effect of feedback variant on RMSE was found for both tasks (p > 0.05). However, when comparing the feedback variants on a person to person basis, significant differences were found for all investigated scenarios (p < 0.001). This leads to the conclusion that novel feedback variants can improve athletes' ability to follow heart rate-based and power-based protocols, but even better results might be achieved by individualizing the feedback.Performance feedback can be essential for cyclists to help with pacing their efforts during competitions and also during standardized performance tests. However, the choice of feedback options on modern bike computers is limited. Moreover, little research on the effectiveness of the currently used feedback methods is available. In this study, two novel feedback variants using a bar or a tacho to visualize targets and deviation from targets were compared to a classic design using only numbers. Participants (6 female and 25 male trained to well-trained athletes) completed a protocol consisting of three heart rate-based tasks and one power-based task. The displays were compared with respect to their ability to guide athletes during their trials. Results showed lower root mean square error (RMSE) of the novel variants, but no significant effect of feedback variant on RMSE was found for both tasks (p > 0.05). However, when comparing the feedback variants on a person to person basis, significant differences were found for all investigated scenarios (p < 0.001). This leads to the conclusion that novel feedback variants can improve athletes' ability to follow heart rate-based and power-based protocols, but even better results might be achieved by individualizing the feedback. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Krenn, Björn Baca, Arnold Dobiasch, Martin Lamberts, Robert P. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, Department of Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, University of Vienna , Austria 3 Division of Biokinetics, Department of Sport Science Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa 2 Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, Department of Sociology of Sport and Sport Psychology, University of Vienna , Austria |
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| SubjectTerms | Accuracy Athletes Bicycling Computers Cycling Feedback (Communication) Feedback (Psychology) Feedback, Sensory Female Fitness equipment Heart Rate Humans Male Physiological aspects Sports training Swimming |
| Title | The Effects of Visual Feedback on Performance in Heart Rate- and Power-Based-Tasks during a Constant Load Cycling Test |
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