Health outcomes of non-nutritive sweeteners: analysis of the research landscape

Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste. However, with the dramatic increase in their consumption, it is reasonable and timely to eva...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inNutrition journal Vol. 16; no. 1; p. 55
Main Authors Lohner, Szimonetta, Toews, Ingrid, Meerpohl, Joerg J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London BioMed Central 08.09.2017
BioMed Central Ltd
BMC
Subjects
adverse effects
Appetite
Artificial sweetener
Artificial sweeteners
Aspartame
Beverage industry
Blood pressure
Body weight gain
Cancer
Cardiovascular diseases
Case reports
case studies
case-control studies
Clinical Nutrition
cognition
Cognitive ability
cohort studies
cross-sectional studies
Dental caries
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Evaluation
experimental design
FDA approval
Food intake
Food safety
Headache
Health aspects
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Health risks
humans
Hypertension
kidney diseases
Kidney transplantation
Medical research
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Medicine, Experimental
Mental depression
Meta-analysis
neoplasms
Non-nutritive sweetener
nonnutritive sweeteners
Nutrition research
Obesity
Overweight
Product development
Review
risk
Risk factors
Saccharin
Stevia
Sugar
sugars
Sweet taste
Sweeteners
systematic review
taste
weight gain
United States > US
Aspartame
Artificial sweetener
Dental caries
Obesity
Saccharin
Scoping review
Non-nutritive sweetener
Diabetes
Weight gain
Stevia
Cancer
Overweight
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1475-2891
1475-2891
DOI10.1186/s12937-017-0278-x

Cover

Abstract Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste. However, with the dramatic increase in their consumption, it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and, more importantly, potential adverse effects. The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent, range, and nature of research activity in this area. Methods We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies on NNSs (artificial sweeteners or natural, non-caloric sweeteners, either used individually or in combination) using text terms with appropriate truncation and relevant indexing terms. All human studies investigating any health outcomes of a NNS intervention or exposure were eligible for inclusion. No studies were excluded based on language, study design or methodological quality. Data for each health outcome were summarized in tabular form and were discussed narratively. Results Finally, we included 372 studies in our scoping review, comprising 15 systematic reviews, 155 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 23 non-randomized controlled trials, 57 cohort studies, 52 case-control studies, 28 cross sectional studies and 42 case series/case reports. In healthy subjects, appetite and short term food intake, risk of cancer, risk of diabetes, risk of dental caries, weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes. Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes. Numerous health outcomes including headaches, depression, behavioral and cognitive effects, neurological effects, risk of preterm delivery, cardiovascular effects or risk of chronic kidney disease were investigated in fewer studies and further research is needed. In subjects with diabetes and hypertension, the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent. Conclusions This scoping review identifies the needs for future research to address the numerous evidence gaps related to health effects of NNSs use.It also specifies the research questions and areas where a systematic review with meta-analyses is required for the proper evaluation of health outcomes associated to regular NNSs consumption.
AbstractList Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste. However, with the dramatic increase in their consumption, it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and, more importantly, potential adverse effects. The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent, range, and nature of research activity in this area.BACKGROUNDFood products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste. However, with the dramatic increase in their consumption, it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and, more importantly, potential adverse effects. The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent, range, and nature of research activity in this area.We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies on NNSs (artificial sweeteners or natural, non-caloric sweeteners, either used individually or in combination) using text terms with appropriate truncation and relevant indexing terms. All human studies investigating any health outcomes of a NNS intervention or exposure were eligible for inclusion. No studies were excluded based on language, study design or methodological quality. Data for each health outcome were summarized in tabular form and were discussed narratively.METHODSWe systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies on NNSs (artificial sweeteners or natural, non-caloric sweeteners, either used individually or in combination) using text terms with appropriate truncation and relevant indexing terms. All human studies investigating any health outcomes of a NNS intervention or exposure were eligible for inclusion. No studies were excluded based on language, study design or methodological quality. Data for each health outcome were summarized in tabular form and were discussed narratively.Finally, we included 372 studies in our scoping review, comprising 15 systematic reviews, 155 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 23 non-randomized controlled trials, 57 cohort studies, 52 case-control studies, 28 cross sectional studies and 42 case series/case reports. In healthy subjects, appetite and short term food intake, risk of cancer, risk of diabetes, risk of dental caries, weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes. Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes. Numerous health outcomes including headaches, depression, behavioral and cognitive effects, neurological effects, risk of preterm delivery, cardiovascular effects or risk of chronic kidney disease were investigated in fewer studies and further research is needed. In subjects with diabetes and hypertension, the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent.RESULTSFinally, we included 372 studies in our scoping review, comprising 15 systematic reviews, 155 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 23 non-randomized controlled trials, 57 cohort studies, 52 case-control studies, 28 cross sectional studies and 42 case series/case reports. In healthy subjects, appetite and short term food intake, risk of cancer, risk of diabetes, risk of dental caries, weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes. Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes. Numerous health outcomes including headaches, depression, behavioral and cognitive effects, neurological effects, risk of preterm delivery, cardiovascular effects or risk of chronic kidney disease were investigated in fewer studies and further research is needed. In subjects with diabetes and hypertension, the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent.This scoping review identifies the needs for future research to address the numerous evidence gaps related to health effects of NNSs use.It also specifies the research questions and areas where a systematic review with meta-analyses is required for the proper evaluation of health outcomes associated to regular NNSs consumption.CONCLUSIONSThis scoping review identifies the needs for future research to address the numerous evidence gaps related to health effects of NNSs use.It also specifies the research questions and areas where a systematic review with meta-analyses is required for the proper evaluation of health outcomes associated to regular NNSs consumption.
Abstract Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste. However, with the dramatic increase in their consumption, it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and, more importantly, potential adverse effects. The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent, range, and nature of research activity in this area. Methods We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies on NNSs (artificial sweeteners or natural, non-caloric sweeteners, either used individually or in combination) using text terms with appropriate truncation and relevant indexing terms. All human studies investigating any health outcomes of a NNS intervention or exposure were eligible for inclusion. No studies were excluded based on language, study design or methodological quality. Data for each health outcome were summarized in tabular form and were discussed narratively. Results Finally, we included 372 studies in our scoping review, comprising 15 systematic reviews, 155 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 23 non-randomized controlled trials, 57 cohort studies, 52 case-control studies, 28 cross sectional studies and 42 case series/case reports. In healthy subjects, appetite and short term food intake, risk of cancer, risk of diabetes, risk of dental caries, weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes. Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes. Numerous health outcomes including headaches, depression, behavioral and cognitive effects, neurological effects, risk of preterm delivery, cardiovascular effects or risk of chronic kidney disease were investigated in fewer studies and further research is needed. In subjects with diabetes and hypertension, the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent. Conclusions This scoping review identifies the needs for future research to address the numerous evidence gaps related to health effects of NNSs use.It also specifies the research questions and areas where a systematic review with meta-analyses is required for the proper evaluation of health outcomes associated to regular NNSs consumption.
BACKGROUND: Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste. However, with the dramatic increase in their consumption, it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and, more importantly, potential adverse effects. The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent, range, and nature of research activity in this area. METHODS: We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies on NNSs (artificial sweeteners or natural, non-caloric sweeteners, either used individually or in combination) using text terms with appropriate truncation and relevant indexing terms. All human studies investigating any health outcomes of a NNS intervention or exposure were eligible for inclusion. No studies were excluded based on language, study design or methodological quality. Data for each health outcome were summarized in tabular form and were discussed narratively. RESULTS: Finally, we included 372 studies in our scoping review, comprising 15 systematic reviews, 155 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 23 non-randomized controlled trials, 57 cohort studies, 52 case-control studies, 28 cross sectional studies and 42 case series/case reports. In healthy subjects, appetite and short term food intake, risk of cancer, risk of diabetes, risk of dental caries, weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes. Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes. Numerous health outcomes including headaches, depression, behavioral and cognitive effects, neurological effects, risk of preterm delivery, cardiovascular effects or risk of chronic kidney disease were investigated in fewer studies and further research is needed. In subjects with diabetes and hypertension, the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review identifies the needs for future research to address the numerous evidence gaps related to health effects of NNSs use.It also specifies the research questions and areas where a systematic review with meta-analyses is required for the proper evaluation of health outcomes associated to regular NNSs consumption.
Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste. However, with the dramatic increase in their consumption, it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and, more importantly, potential adverse effects. The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent, range, and nature of research activity in this area. We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies on NNSs (artificial sweeteners or natural, non-caloric sweeteners, either used individually or in combination) using text terms with appropriate truncation and relevant indexing terms. All human studies investigating any health outcomes of a NNS intervention or exposure were eligible for inclusion. No studies were excluded based on language, study design or methodological quality. Data for each health outcome were summarized in tabular form and were discussed narratively. Finally, we included 372 studies in our scoping review, comprising 15 systematic reviews, 155 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 23 non-randomized controlled trials, 57 cohort studies, 52 case-control studies, 28 cross sectional studies and 42 case series/case reports. In healthy subjects, appetite and short term food intake, risk of cancer, risk of diabetes, risk of dental caries, weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes. Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes. Numerous health outcomes including headaches, depression, behavioral and cognitive effects, neurological effects, risk of preterm delivery, cardiovascular effects or risk of chronic kidney disease were investigated in fewer studies and further research is needed. In subjects with diabetes and hypertension, the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent. This scoping review identifies the needs for future research to address the numerous evidence gaps related to health effects of NNSs use.It also specifies the research questions and areas where a systematic review with meta-analyses is required for the proper evaluation of health outcomes associated to regular NNSs consumption.
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste. However, with the dramatic increase in their consumption, it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and, more importantly, potential adverse effects. The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent, range, and nature of research activity in this area. Methods We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies on NNSs (artificial sweeteners or natural, non-caloric sweeteners, either used individually or in combination) using text terms with appropriate truncation and relevant indexing terms. All human studies investigating any health outcomes of a NNS intervention or exposure were eligible for inclusion. No studies were excluded based on language, study design or methodological quality. Data for each health outcome were summarized in tabular form and were discussed narratively. Results Finally, we included 372 studies in our scoping review, comprising 15 systematic reviews, 155 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 23 non-randomized controlled trials, 57 cohort studies, 52 case-control studies, 28 cross sectional studies and 42 case series/case reports. In healthy subjects, appetite and short term food intake, risk of cancer, risk of diabetes, risk of dental caries, weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes. Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes. Numerous health outcomes including headaches, depression, behavioral and cognitive effects, neurological effects, risk of preterm delivery, cardiovascular effects or risk of chronic kidney disease were investigated in fewer studies and further research is needed. In subjects with diabetes and hypertension, the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent. Conclusions This scoping review identifies the needs for future research to address the numerous evidence gaps related to health effects of NNSs use.It also specifies the research questions and areas where a systematic review with meta-analyses is required for the proper evaluation of health outcomes associated to regular NNSs consumption.
ArticleNumber 55
Audience Academic
Author Toews, Ingrid
Meerpohl, Joerg J.
Lohner, Szimonetta
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Szimonetta
  surname: Lohner
  fullname: Lohner, Szimonetta
  organization: Cochrane Hungary, Medical Center, University of Pécs
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Ingrid
  surname: Toews
  fullname: Toews, Ingrid
  organization: Cochrane Germany, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Joerg J.
  surname: Meerpohl
  fullname: Meerpohl, Joerg J.
  email: meerpohl.jj@gmail.com
  organization: Cochrane Germany, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité – U1153, Inserm / Université Paris Descartes, Cochrane France, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28886707$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqFkltr3DAQhU1JaS7tD-hLMfSlfXAqyZIl9yEQQtssBAK9PIuxPN7V4rW2kpxu_n3lbJruhl4wRkL-zhl55hxnB4MbMMteUnJKqareBcrqUhaEppdJVWyeZEeUS1EwVdODnf1hdhzCkhCmVC2fZYdpVZUk8ii7vkTo4yJ3YzRuhSF3XZ6qFMMYvY32BvPwAzHigD68z2GA_jbYOyouMPcYELxZ5D0MbTCwxufZ0w76gC_u15Ps28cPXy8ui6vrT7OL86vCpLqxaBCgEoSXwAmypillW9aVrFiF2AoDTBnS1A0oBoyWpuIVb7kCpZDUHcWmPMlmW9_WwVKvvV2Bv9UOrL47cH6uwUdretRcsRbKqiEdZxxIC6xkUiKTXJBGGpq8zrZe67FZYWtwiB76PdP9L4Nd6Lm70ULUVBCZDN7cG3j3fcQQ9coGg33qCroxaEYIqaiQvP4vStNABVNSTNd6_QhdutGnCUxUmiwvhRK_qTmkf7VD59IVzWSqzwWpKaG8VIk6_QOVnhZX1qRUdTad7wne7gkSE3ET5zCGoGdfPu-zr3b799C4XylLAN0CxrsQPHYPCCV6SrLeJlmnJOspyXqTNPKRxtgI0bppBLb_p5JtlSFVGebod_r2V9FPNOgFNw
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_21603_2074_9414_2020_4_576_587
crossref_primary_10_3390_medsci12020029
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_endinu_2018_12_008
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms252413635
crossref_primary_10_2174_1573399819666230501210803
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15184038
crossref_primary_10_1007_s15036_019_0660_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu16183162
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rgmx_2019_08_001
crossref_primary_10_1093_eurheartj_ehae244
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu10030357
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12041153
crossref_primary_10_1080_07448481_2019_1706531
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jand_2021_11_018
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15245080
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2021_129901
crossref_primary_10_1017_S0954422419000283
crossref_primary_10_31883_pjfns_169483
crossref_primary_10_2174_0118715303245646230926054352
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2023_04_124
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12092592
crossref_primary_10_20960_nh_05728
crossref_primary_10_1093_advances_nmaa110
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu11051011
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1387676
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu10030338
crossref_primary_10_1080_0194262X_2022_2121800
crossref_primary_10_1007_s15036_024_3711_y
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_endien_2019_11_001
crossref_primary_10_1111_add_16065
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu17071110
crossref_primary_10_1111_obr_12870
crossref_primary_10_22159_ijpps_2024v16i11_52382
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00424_020_02467_1
crossref_primary_10_1093_nutrit_nuaa123
crossref_primary_10_2174_0929867329666220430131018
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41415_020_2506_6
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003427
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_diabres_2019_107786
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fshw_2023_03_023
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fct_2019_110866
crossref_primary_10_33262_anatomiadigital_v7i2_2984
crossref_primary_10_1111_nbu_12583
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu10070818
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mrgentox_2021_503389
crossref_primary_10_1080_10408398_2020_1743966
crossref_primary_10_35366_118780
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2019_2765
crossref_primary_10_31665_JFB_2018_4166
crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2021_625415
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13092994
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41591_023_02223_9
crossref_primary_10_1080_17446651_2020_1740588
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fct_2019_110898
crossref_primary_10_1017_S136898001800143X
crossref_primary_10_1097_CRD_0000000000000748
crossref_primary_10_1155_2019_9619020
crossref_primary_10_1080_19440049_2022_2075039
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4126903
crossref_primary_10_2174_0115734013315621240802055207
crossref_primary_10_3389_fped_2021_746437
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu14061261
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_identj_2024_02_008
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_019_1312_y
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41574_022_00758_4
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40608_018_0207_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2022_e10711
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjnph_2020_000210
crossref_primary_10_1093_advances_nmz137
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12092774
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yrtph_2020_104790
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0199080
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodres_2022_111899
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00784_019_02908_x
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2023_1128668
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cdnut_2022_100016
crossref_primary_10_1093_advances_nmaa157
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tifs_2020_04_030
crossref_primary_10_1158_1055_9965_EPI_22_0392
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jdent_2021_103835
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15112518
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_3c01110
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bpc_2020_106495
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_advnut_2024_100239
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2021_26313
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11154_022_09711_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fct_2022_113549
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12103010
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodres_2020_109780
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eprac_2022_07_003
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodres_2023_113406
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_metop_2020_100072
crossref_primary_10_1017_S0007114523001484
crossref_primary_10_1093_advances_nmab053
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nut_2022_111885
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnhum_2021_667709
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11883_019_0814_6
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12966_022_01308_x
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2023_1170873
crossref_primary_10_1080_1028415X_2019_1639306
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15173675
crossref_primary_10_1590_1413_81232022275_08452021
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fbio_2024_105101
crossref_primary_10_3390_cancers10030083
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11892_021_01422_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rgmxen_2019_08_001
crossref_primary_10_1093_advances_nmy037
crossref_primary_10_1080_07448481_2020_1767114
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2025_1464269
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_k4718
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu10091261
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_11409
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu16142278
crossref_primary_10_1177_02601060211057415
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1411560
Cites_doi 10.1080/02652039609374455
10.2337/diacare.11.3.230
10.2337/dc08-1799
10.1006/appe.2001.0435
10.3945/ajcn.111.026278
10.3945/ajcn.111.030833
10.1016/0031-9384(91)90321-E
10.1016/j.metabol.2003.07.013
10.1590/1806-9282.62.02.120
10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00260.x
10.1007/s10552-009-9323-1
10.1530/endoabs.41.EP545
10.1002/jsfa.7627
10.1159/000351650
10.1016/j.jada.2006.09.005
10.3945/an.114.007062
10.1016/j.nutres.2013.05.013
10.1038/jp.2015.122
10.1007/s00103-013-1818-y
10.1007/s00394-015-1028-5
10.1021/np400203b
10.1111/j.1365-277X.1995.tb00309.x
10.1002/ijc.2910320510
10.1007/s00125-013-2899-8
10.1093/ajcn/53.5.1159
10.3945/ajcn.2009.27573
10.3945/ajcn.111.022533
10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.024
10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.039
10.1080/07315724.2005.10719449
10.2105/AJPH.72.4.376
10.1097/EDE.0b013e3180646338
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.911164
10.1016/0006-3223(93)90251-8
10.1016/S0031-9384(00)00230-4
10.1159/000458769
10.1080/15287397609529443
10.1111/j.1464-5491.1988.tb01079.x
10.1001/jama.292.8.927
10.1093/carcin/2.4.343
10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.11.025
10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.011
10.1542/peds.2015-3603
10.1016/0031-9384(90)90254-2
10.1139/apnm-2016-0344
10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.118
10.1139/apnm-2016-0079
10.1056/NEJMoa1203034
10.1371/journal.pone.0003431
10.1016/0277-5379(83)90005-6
10.3390/nu8010009
10.1177/2047487314560663
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114479
10.1038/oby.2004.94
10.1007/s00394-010-0113-z
10.1159/000262150
10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.02.006
10.1038/bjc.1982.59
10.1016/j.appet.2004.11.003
10.1016/0031-9384(87)90017-5
10.21101/cejph.a3919
10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.113
10.1038/ijo.2016.225
10.1007/BF00282233
10.1002/ijc.2910290504
10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.351.6
10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050
10.1002/osp4.64
10.1017/S0007114599001695
10.1203/pdr.0b013e3180536591
10.1080/21551197.2015.1084258
10.1038/oby.2001.11
10.3945/ajcn.2009.28111
10.1080/01635581.2016.1224366
10.1016/S0195-6663(88)80050-3
10.1002/1097-0142(19861101)58:9<2156::AID-CNCR2820580933>3.0.CO;2-Y
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601969
10.1016/S0140-6736(80)91350-1
10.1038/oby.2008.287
10.1093/ajcn/59.2.338
10.3945/ajcn.112.048405
10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.12.025
10.1016/0091-7435(86)90089-7
10.1177/875512251302900203
10.1139/apnm-2015-0675
10.1016/0031-9384(88)90207-7
10.1038/ijo.2012.225
10.3945/ajcn.2008.27140
10.1002/ijc.2910400604
10.1007/s00394-013-0523-9
10.1186/1741-7015-9-123
10.1002/gps.930080503
10.3945/ajcn.113.081554
10.1056/NEJM198003063021001
10.3945/jn.114.197475
10.1038/sj.bdj.4803531
10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.028
10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.007
10.1016/S0195-6663(88)80048-5
10.1080/07315724.2011.10720000
10.1038/sj.bdj.4808141
10.1080/096374800100912
10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.40.7
10.1016/j.appet.2010.05.001
10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.040
10.1002/oby.20737
10.5056/jnm15206
10.1007/s00125-015-3694-5
10.1186/1475-2891-10-114
10.2334/josnusd.41.81
10.1038/sj.ijo.0800373
10.4067/S0034-98872015000300012
10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.003
10.3906/sag-1208-98
10.1016/0195-6663(89)90107-4
10.3945/ajcn.111.031567
10.1038/oby.2008.284
10.1111/j.1526-4610.1989.hed2902090.x
10.1542/peds.2005-2348
10.3945/ajcn.2009.28968
10.1080/09637480120092143
10.1006/appe.1997.0153
10.3945/ajcn.112.048603
10.1371/journal.pone.0094715
10.1017/S0007114514001329
10.1016/0002-9378(78)90333-2
10.1001/jama.1978.03290040027017
10.3945/ajcn.112.050997
10.1080/15287397609529444
10.1111/head.12725
10.1093/ije/11.3.212
10.1016/0031-9384(90)90350-D
10.2215/CJN.03260410
10.1371/journal.pone.0167241
10.1002/nur.21595
10.1038/ejcn.2013.267
10.1097/00008469-199708000-00008
10.1016/S0168-8227(86)80025-0
10.1093/jnci/89.14.1072
10.3945/ajcn.113.082826
10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.12.011
10.1159/000262357
10.1046/j.1365-277X.2001.00289.x
10.1080/10408398.2013.792772
10.3945/ajcn.110.007922
10.1093/chemse/23.1.59
10.1056/NEJMoa1014296
10.1017/S1368980013000141
10.3109/17477160903497027
10.1111/ijpo.12067
10.1017/S0029665111004691
10.1159/000322915
10.3945/ajcn.2008.27240
10.1016/0031-9384(82)90018-X
10.1111/jgs.13376
10.3109/10408363.2015.1084990
10.1001/archpedi.157.9.882
10.1016/0031-9384(93)90139-7
10.2174/187152510791170960
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0365
10.1093/ajcn/30.10.1638
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0301
10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.03.015
10.1038/ijo.2016.203
10.1016/j.jada.2003.09.021
10.1001/archinte.1989.00390100120026
10.1111/j.1365-2524.1988.hed2801010.x
10.1016/0041-008X(92)90324-L
10.1016/0031-9384(94)00289-H
10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1121
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114911
10.1016/0031-9384(91)90051-O
10.1016/0031-9384(89)90145-5
10.1016/S0031-9384(98)00280-7
10.3390/nu7042382
10.1007/s13197-011-0571-1
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0203
10.1371/journal.pone.0161264
10.1002/ptr.1944
10.1038/ki.2009.500
10.1126/science.7355283
10.1007/s13197-012-0911-9
10.1038/ejcn.2014.19
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114482
10.1080/1028415X.2017.1288340
10.1080/02652030310001620450
10.1097/00045391-200311000-00010
10.1006/appe.1994.1038
10.1007/s00394-014-0818-5
10.1212/WNL.44.10.1787
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.716159
10.1542/peds.2005-0983
10.1093/ajcn/51.3.428
10.1016/j.appet.2010.03.009
10.1111/j.1349-7006.1993.tb02826.x
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601762
10.4093/dmj.2016.40.4.283
10.1038/nutd.2016.9
10.1016/S0149-2918(03)80334-X
10.1900/RDS.2013.10.39
10.1111/nure.12038
10.17796/jcpd.25.4.e846xm3676505012
10.20960/nh.797
10.1016/j.nut.2013.03.024
10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5961
10.1038/srep36537
10.3945/ajcn.111.026682
10.1186/s12874-015-0105-z
10.1002/ijc.2910350602
10.1186/s13690-015-0092-x
10.1016/j.jval.2012.08.180
10.2337/diacare.8.5.415
10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04041-1
10.1002/oby.21327
10.1093/ajcn/65.2.409
10.1093/ajcn/51.6.963
10.3390/nu7053569
10.1093/ajcn/76.4.721
10.2337/diacare.19.9.1004
10.1111/nep.12343
10.1002/ijc.2910480208
10.1007/BF01804983
10.1111/1750-3841.12835
10.1038/ejcn.2010.291
10.1016/j.appet.2007.04.004
10.1038/ijo.2015.177
10.1056/NEJMoa1203388
10.1093/ajcn/50.3.474
10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02844.x
10.1186/s12986-016-0129-3
10.1001/archinte.168.14.1487
10.1080/17482970600982719
10.1038/sj.ijo.0800360
10.1016/0031-9384(89)90093-0
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.03.013
10.1093/ajcn/51.6.1100
10.1016/S0022-5347(17)52886-4
10.1002/ijc.2910460505
10.1136/bjsports-2016-h3576rep
10.1159/000261586
10.1080/09637480701198083
10.1017/S0007114507252705
10.1038/ejcn.2011.223
10.1001/jama.294.18.2330
10.1159/000463993
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113545
10.1093/annonc/mdl346
10.1007/s11060-010-0388-1
10.1590/S1517-74912002000200002
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s). 2017
COPYRIGHT 2017 BioMed Central Ltd.
Copyright BioMed Central 2017
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s). 2017
– notice: COPYRIGHT 2017 BioMed Central Ltd.
– notice: Copyright BioMed Central 2017
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
ISR
3V.
7QP
7RQ
7RV
7TS
7X7
7XB
88E
8C1
8FI
8FJ
8FK
8G5
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
GUQSH
K9.
KB0
M0S
M1P
M2O
MBDVC
NAPCQ
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
7S9
L.6
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1186/s12937-017-0278-x
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA Free Journals
CrossRef
PubMed
Gale In Context: Science
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Career & Technical Education Database
ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Journals - PSU access expires 11/30/25.
Physical Education Index
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Public Health Database (subscription)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Research Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability (subscription)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
Medical Database
Research Library
Research Library (Corporate)
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central Basic
MEDLINE - Academic
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
Publicly Available Content Database
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central China
Physical Education Index
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Public Health
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest Career and Technical Education
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic

AGRICOLA
Publicly Available Content Database
PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: C6C
  name: SpringerOpen
  url: http://www.springeropen.com/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: DOA
  name: Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 3
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
Anatomy & Physiology
Diet & Clinical Nutrition
EISSN 1475-2891
EndPage 55
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_482da36b0f424a0da23277e27450b7c1
PMC5591507
A509101438
28886707
10_1186_s12937_017_0278_x
Genre Journal Article
Review
GeographicLocations United States--US
GeographicLocations_xml – name: United States--US
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
– fundername: World Health Organization
  funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004423
– fundername: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
  funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002714
– fundername: ;
GroupedDBID ---
04C
0R~
123
29N
2WC
2XV
53G
5VS
7RQ
7RV
7X7
88E
8C1
8FI
8FJ
8G5
A8Z
AAFWJ
AAHBH
AAJSJ
AASML
AAWTL
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIHN
ACPRK
ACUHS
ADBBV
ADRAZ
ADUKV
AEAQA
AENEX
AEUYN
AFKRA
AFPKN
AHBYD
AHMBA
AHYZX
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMKLP
AMTXH
AOIJS
AZQEC
BAPOH
BAWUL
BCNDV
BENPR
BFQNJ
BKEYQ
BMC
BMSDO
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C6C
CCPQU
CS3
DIK
DU5
DWQXO
E3Z
EAD
EAP
EAS
EBD
EBLON
EBS
ECGQY
EIHBH
EJD
EMB
EMK
EMOBN
ESTFP
ESX
EX3
F5P
FYUFA
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GUQSH
GX1
H13
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
ICU
IHR
IHT
INH
INR
IPT
ISE
ISR
ITC
KQ8
M1P
M2O
M48
M~E
NAPCQ
O5R
O5S
OK1
OVT
P2P
PGMZT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PUEGO
QF4
QN7
RBZ
RNS
ROL
RPM
RSV
SCM
SOJ
SV3
TR2
TUS
UKHRP
W2D
WOQ
WOW
XSB
AAYXX
ALIPV
CITATION
NPM
PMFND
3V.
7QP
7TS
7XB
8FK
AHSBF
K9.
MBDVC
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
7S9
L.6
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c670t-beaa65043a40e2bb37d3967626eed5ca28c0b9ba82a213c6464d48a88e09f1eb3
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 1475-2891
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:19:11 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:07:13 EDT 2025
Sun Aug 24 04:16:10 EDT 2025
Fri Sep 05 05:45:57 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 19:58:22 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 17 21:29:55 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 10 20:36:02 EDT 2025
Fri Jun 27 05:02:21 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:09:37 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:01:37 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 03:09:37 EDT 2025
Sat Sep 06 07:30:17 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Keywords Aspartame
Artificial sweetener
Dental caries
Obesity
Saccharin
Scoping review
Non-nutritive sweetener
Diabetes
Weight gain
Stevia
Cancer
Overweight
Language English
License Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c670t-beaa65043a40e2bb37d3967626eed5ca28c0b9ba82a213c6464d48a88e09f1eb3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1186/s12937-017-0278-x
PMID 28886707
PQID 1947543585
PQPubID 42849
PageCount 1
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_482da36b0f424a0da23277e27450b7c1
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5591507
proquest_miscellaneous_2000615749
proquest_miscellaneous_1937528751
proquest_journals_1947543585
gale_infotracmisc_A509101438
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A509101438
gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A509101438
pubmed_primary_28886707
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12937_017_0278_x
crossref_citationtrail_10_1186_s12937_017_0278_x
springer_journals_10_1186_s12937_017_0278_x
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2017-09-08
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2017-09-08
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2017
  text: 2017-09-08
  day: 08
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
– name: England
PublicationTitle Nutrition journal
PublicationTitleAbbrev Nutr J
PublicationTitleAlternate Nutr J
PublicationYear 2017
Publisher BioMed Central
BioMed Central Ltd
BMC
Publisher_xml – name: BioMed Central
– name: BioMed Central Ltd
– name: BMC
References DM Martyn (278_CR3) 2016; 33
K Deighton (278_CR81) 2016; 41
GA Colditz (278_CR209) 1990; 51
BJ Rolls (278_CR63) 1990; 48
C Piernas (278_CR78) 2013; 97
G Turner-McGrievy (278_CR80) 2016; 2
JG Connolly (278_CR97) 1978; 119
C Schmucker (278_CR18) 2013; 56
J Fernandes (278_CR273) 2013; 33
DF Nahon (278_CR8) 1998; 23
G Okuno (278_CR255) 1986; 2
CE Bryant (278_CR33) 2014; 68
Y Yu (278_CR96) 1997; 6
278_CR156
DD Wang (278_CR284) 2016; 16
C Ulbricht (278_CR20) 2010; 8
AS Bomback (278_CR137) 2009; 90
AS Morrison (278_CR105) 1980; 302
MA Pereira (278_CR180) 2014; 5
N Bellissimo (278_CR28) 2007; 49
DC Greenwood (278_CR157) 2014; 112
A Mentes (278_CR147) 2001; 25
LM Steinberg (278_CR153) 1996; 30
DL Horwitz (278_CR244) 1988; 11
S Taheri (278_CR171) 2011; 31
TM Saldana (278_CR139) 2007; 18
S Colagiuri (278_CR250) 1989; 50
PL Cooper (278_CR249) 1988; 5
ME Lopez de Bocanera (278_CR142) 1999; 41
M Reid (278_CR197) 2010; 55
S Chattopadhyay (278_CR6) 2014; 51
M Muhlemann (278_CR155) 1985; 6
S Patil (278_CR7) 2014; 51
A Pan (278_CR215) 2013; 37
W Wulaningsih (278_CR241) 2017; 41
C InterAct (278_CR164) 2013; 56
SB Stern (278_CR246) 1976; 2
278_CR282
HE Ford (278_CR38) 2011; 65
DF Tate (278_CR265) 2012; 95
AM Nomura (278_CR108) 1991; 48
K Park (278_CR149) 1993; 72
K Argyri (278_CR254) 2013; 10
A Paganini-Hill (278_CR293) 2007; 44
MB Azad (278_CR239) 2016; 170
SD Stellman (278_CR218) 1986; 15
S Gallus (278_CR123) 2007; 18
P Chan (278_CR264) 2000; 50
PJ Rogers (278_CR47) 1988; 43
NE Buss (278_CR272) 1992; 115
S Schiffman (278_CR169) 1989; 9
AM Walker (278_CR116) 1982; 72
EL Wynder (278_CR115) 1980; 207
NY Reyna (278_CR198) 2003; 10
O Markey (278_CR203) 2016; 55
S Durán Agüero (278_CR228) 2015; 32
AS Leon (278_CR191) 1989; 149
MS Vanselow (278_CR220) 2009; 90
DJ Canty (278_CR59) 1991; 53
Y Ohno (278_CR109) 1985; 69
G Fagherazzi (278_CR162) 2013; 97
JC Peters (278_CR77) 2014; 22
M Ewertz (278_CR122) 1990; 46
SL Casperson (278_CR52) 2017; 112
278_CR189
M Stepien (278_CR129) 2016; 55
S Ceunen (278_CR9) 2013; 76
BP Patel (278_CR54) 2016; 41
278_CR183
AF Kantor (278_CR93) 1985; 35
JR Palmer (278_CR285) 2008; 168
RA Cartwright (278_CR90) 1981; 2
LH Kobeissi (278_CR101) 2013; 14
TM O'Connor (278_CR234) 2006; 118
KC Maki (278_CR193) 2008; 46
TT Fung (278_CR270) 2009; 89
DR Bouchard (278_CR225) 2010; 3
H Pröls (278_CR256) 1974; 116
SB Petersen (278_CR290) 2015; 7
C Cabaniols (278_CR117) 2011; 103
WM Bernardo (278_CR274) 2016; 62
PA Schulte (278_CR112) 1986; 58
M Cullen (278_CR71) 2004; 58
CB Ebbeling (278_CR185) 2012; 367
TH Grenby (278_CR287) 1975; 139
M Reid (278_CR62) 2007; 97
WA Lay (278_CR134) 2016; 35
MA Hendriksen (278_CR276) 2011; 50
278_CR11
APG Geraldo (278_CR231) 2013; 6
278_CR10
278_CR14
278_CR13
EH Roos (278_CR151) 2002; 24
MP Bravo (278_CR89) 1987; 34
M Memon (278_CR266) 2013; 43
S Mommsen (278_CR94) 1983; 19
J Lin (278_CR138) 2011; 6
KP Porikos (278_CR75) 1977; 30
C Berry (278_CR84) 2016; 68
JF Wilson (278_CR69) 2000; 70
MG Tordoff (278_CR67) 1990; 51
SJ Rodearmel (278_CR199) 2007; 120
I Momas (278_CR103) 1994; 5
L Serra Majem (278_CR288) 1993; 27
M Vazquez-Duran (278_CR205) 2016; 33
FM Baker (278_CR175) 1993; 8
EA Chantelau (278_CR248) 1985; 28
L Olalde-Mendoza (278_CR245) 2013; 63
Cancer Prevention Study II (278_CR222) 1992; 73
RG Walton (278_CR174) 1993; 34
MJ Garcia-Meseguer (278_CR230) 2013; 63
F Imamura (278_CR161) 2016; 50
JM Borkum (278_CR275) 2016; 56
V Radosavljevic (278_CR110) 2001; 6
SE Norell (278_CR120) 1986; 124
A Mortensen (278_CR12) 2006; 50
GN Lindseth (278_CR172) 2014; 37
P Shankar (278_CR279) 2013; 29
W Cheungpasitporn (278_CR135) 2014; 19
J Kline (278_CR179) 1978; 130
KL Stanhope (278_CR2) 2016; 53
SD Anton (278_CR26) 2010; 55
O Moller-Jensen (278_CR102) 1983; 32
DA Shoham (278_CR140) 2008; 3
EM Timpe Behnen (278_CR281) 2013; 29
P Thakkar (278_CR292) 2016; 36
BS Kanders (278_CR188) 1988; 11
JH Lavin (278_CR41) 1997; 21
XE Li (278_CR4) 2015; 80
IJ Onakpoya (278_CR21) 2015; 22
DS Ludwig (278_CR213) 2001; 357
SE Hill (278_CR73) 2014; 83
BJ Rolls (278_CR50) 1988; 11
J Iscovich (278_CR99) 1987; 40
JC Ruyter de (278_CR184) 2012; 367
JF Wilson (278_CR70) 1994; 23
ME Beridot-Therond (278_CR29) 1998; 31
L Chen (278_CR208) 2009; 89
JL Kuk (278_CR240) 2016; 41
MD Peters (278_CR17) 2015; 13
NS Gadah (278_CR53) 2016; 107
DM DellaValle (278_CR36) 2005; 44
CJ Ballantyne (278_CR76) 2011; 57
M Spencer (278_CR280) 2016; 22
JD Urban (278_CR283) 2015; 75
LAF Ferri (278_CR267) 2006; 20
KK Park (278_CR150) 1995; 62
SN Bhupathiraju (278_CR165) 2013; 97
P Carvalho (278_CR34) 2013; 63
A Drewnowski (278_CR60) 1994; 59
MM Andreatta (278_CR87) 2008; 4
PJ Rogers (278_CR49) 1989; 45
T Fujimaru (278_CR5) 2012; 77
278_CR57
JC Peters (278_CR195) 2016; 24
JW Sullivan (278_CR95) 1982; 128
OM Jensen (278_CR133) 1982; 29
278_CR51
J Kullessa Nehrling (278_CR251) 1985; 8
GL Blackburn (278_CR58) 1997; 65
E Brambilla (278_CR143) 2014; 48
RH Knopp (278_CR190) 1976; 2
LL Birch (278_CR30) 1989; 45
D Simon (278_CR114) 1975; 54
278_CR204
KC Maki (278_CR242) 2008; 46
TA Ledoux (278_CR233) 2011; 30
GR Najem (278_CR107) 1982; 11
RJ Brown (278_CR22) 2010; 5
JC Ruyter (278_CR64) 2013; 6
KJ Duffey (278_CR269) 2012; 95
M Nissensohn (278_CR83) 2016; 62
SP Fowler (278_CR210) 2008; 16
PL Lutsey (278_CR159) 2008; 117
278_CR24
278_CR23
S Gregersen (278_CR260) 2004; 53
U Lim (278_CR128) 2006; 15
K Wakai (278_CR132) 1993; 84
M Maersk (278_CR42) 2012; 66
RA Forshee (278_CR229) 2003; 54
ES Schernhammer (278_CR16) 2012; 96
JM Chan (278_CR121) 2009; 20
AS Morrison (278_CR106) 1982; 45
ES Petherick (278_CR178) 2014; 68
SA French (278_CR202) 2016; 11
B Armstrong (278_CR130) 1976; 30
X Guo (278_CR173) 2014; 9
LA Barriocanal (278_CR258) 2008; 51
L Englund-Ogge (278_CR177) 2012; 96
WC Winkelmayer (278_CR271) 2005; 294
M Sakurai (278_CR286) 2014; 53
MB Schulze (278_CR217) 2004; 292
S Duran Aguero (278_CR227) 2015; 143
NR Asal (278_CR88) 1988; 11
FC Mendes de Santana Giongo (278_CR146) 2014; 28
D Mozaffarian (278_CR214) 2011; 364
M-H Hsieh (278_CR187) 2003; 25
PJ Rogers (278_CR182) 2016; 40
L Koning De (278_CR160) 2011; 93
C Meyerowitz (278_CR148) 1996; 30
V Wymelbeke Van (278_CR68) 2004; 58
KJ Melanson (278_CR43) 1999; 82
A Akdas (278_CR126) 1990; 17
M Siervo (278_CR1) 2014; 17
DJ Naismith (278_CR45) 1995; 8
CB Ebbeling (278_CR186) 2006; 117
SD Aguero (278_CR221) 2014; 112
CS Berkey (278_CR207) 2004; 12
278_CR85
SK Eeden (278_CR167) 1994; 44
JA Nettleton (278_CR158) 2009; 32
B Armstrong (278_CR166) 1975; 29
GH Anderson (278_CR25) 1989; 13
SS Samant (278_CR291) 2016; 6
A Raben (278_CR196) 2001; 9
HA Risch (278_CR111) 1988; 127
JE Flood (278_CR37) 2006; 106
NL Zanela (278_CR154) 2002; 16
ML McCullough (278_CR127) 2014; 144
L Serra-Majem (278_CR289) 2003; 20
278_CR118
DH Shin (278_CR206) 2016; 40
278_CR238
BU Koyuncu (278_CR247) 2014; 2
LM Steinberg (278_CR152) 1995; 8
BA Jawale (278_CR144) 2012; 13
278_CR237
EM Mahfouz (278_CR119) 2014; 22
II Kessler (278_CR100) 1978; 240
C Bosetti (278_CR125) 2009; 18
AC Sylvetsky Meni (278_CR15) 2015; 58
F Bellisle (278_CR223) 2001; 14
SA Gibson (278_CR82) 2016; 8
CL Williams (278_CR201) 2007; 58
M Koch (278_CR131) 1986; 76
H Shigeta (278_CR257) 1985; 31
DR Parker (278_CR216) 1997; 21
J Rodin (278_CR46) 1990; 51
M Ryan-Harshman (278_CR66) 1987; 39
J Giammattei (278_CR232) 2003; 157
KP Porikos (278_CR79) 1982; 29
N Bellissimo (278_CR27) 2007; 61
WR Russell (278_CR278) 2016; 56
GR Howe (278_CR92) 1980; 64
JW Blum (278_CR224) 2005; 24
MM Andreatta (278_CR86) 2008; 47
R Cuomo (278_CR35) 2011; 10
PE Miller (278_CR181) 2014; 100
PJ Rogers (278_CR48) 1995; 57
NA King (278_CR40) 1999; 66
SP Fowler (278_CR211) 2015; 63
RB Lipton (278_CR170) 1989; 29
278_CR61
RN Hoover (278_CR91) 1980; 1
G Crichton (278_CR226) 2015; 7
R Hammersley (278_CR74) 2011; 70
KM Appleton (278_CR236) 2001; 37
TVE Kral (278_CR212) 2008; 16
278_CR259
SM Koehler (278_CR168) 1988; 28
278_CR253
MO Monneuse (278_CR44) 1991; 49
G Fagherazzi (278_CR163) 2017; 70
M Ritu (278_CR261) 2016; 96
DT Silverman (278_CR113) 1983; 117
BB Beiswanger (278_CR141) 1998; 129
AC Sylvetsky (278_CR55) 2016; 13
SH Holt (278_CR39) 2000; 51
LB Sørensen (278_CR200) 2014; 100
AS Morrison (278_CR124) 1979; 62
M Marisela Vazquez Duran (278_CR194) 2013; 1
NS Gadah (278_CR72) 2016; 156
M Maersk (278_CR192) 2012; 95
L Serra-Majem (278_CR235) 1996; 13
MA Pereira (278_CR277) 2013; 71
R Mattes (278_CR65) 1990; 47
AS Bomback (278_CR136) 2010; 77
MT Goodman (278_CR98) 1986; 124
VL Grotz (278_CR243) 2003; 103
HL Colquhoun (278_CR19) 2014; 67
RM Black (278_CR31) 1993; 53
278_CR268
NHE Mezitis (278_CR252) 1996; 19
A Branton (278_CR32) 2014; 83
RH Manning (278_CR145) 1993; 174
278_CR263
RH Striegel-Moore (278_CR219) 2006; 148
SL Tey (278_CR56) 2017; 41
RW Morgan (278_CR104) 1974; 111
278_CR262
TI Halldorsson (278_CR176) 2010; 92
References_xml – volume: 13
  start-page: 695
  year: 1996
  ident: 278_CR235
  publication-title: Food Addit Contam
  doi: 10.1080/02652039609374455
– volume: 11
  start-page: 230
  year: 1988
  ident: 278_CR244
  publication-title: Diab Care
  doi: 10.2337/diacare.11.3.230
– volume: 32
  start-page: 688
  year: 2009
  ident: 278_CR158
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/dc08-1799
– volume: 31
  start-page: 533
  year: 1985
  ident: 278_CR257
  publication-title: Effects of aspartame on diabetic rats and diabetic patients
– volume: 37
  start-page: 225
  year: 2001
  ident: 278_CR236
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1006/appe.2001.0435
– volume: 95
  start-page: 555
  year: 2012
  ident: 278_CR265
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.026278
– volume: 96
  start-page: 1419
  year: 2012
  ident: 278_CR16
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.030833
– ident: 278_CR57
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(91)90321-E
– volume: 53
  start-page: 73
  year: 2004
  ident: 278_CR260
  publication-title: Metab Clin Exp
  doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.07.013
– volume: 62
  start-page: 120
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR274
  publication-title: Rev Assoc Med Bras
  doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.02.120
– volume: 50
  start-page: 215
  year: 2000
  ident: 278_CR264
  publication-title: Br J Clin Pharmacol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00260.x
– volume: 20
  start-page: 835
  year: 2009
  ident: 278_CR121
  publication-title: Cancer Causes Control
  doi: 10.1007/s10552-009-9323-1
– ident: 278_CR204
  doi: 10.1530/endoabs.41.EP545
– volume: 96
  start-page: 4231
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR261
  publication-title: J Sci Food Agric
  doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7627
– volume: 48
  start-page: 19
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR143
  publication-title: Caries Res
  doi: 10.1159/000351650
– volume: 106
  start-page: 1984
  year: 2006
  ident: 278_CR37
  publication-title: J Am Diet Assoc
  doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.09.005
– volume: 62
  start-page: 42
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR83
  publication-title: Findings of the ANIBES study Revista de Neurologia
– volume: 111
  start-page: 1067
  year: 1974
  ident: 278_CR104
  publication-title: CMAJ
– volume: 5
  start-page: 797
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR180
  publication-title: Adv Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/an.114.007062
– volume: 33
  start-page: 647
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR273
  publication-title: Nutr Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.05.013
– volume: 36
  start-page: 67
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR292
  publication-title: J Perinatol
  doi: 10.1038/jp.2015.122
– volume: 56
  start-page: 1390
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR18
  publication-title: Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
  doi: 10.1007/s00103-013-1818-y
– volume: 55
  start-page: 2137
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR203
  publication-title: Eur J Nutr
  doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-1028-5
– volume: 76
  start-page: 1201
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR9
  publication-title: J Nat Prod
  doi: 10.1021/np400203b
– volume: 8
  start-page: 167
  year: 1995
  ident: 278_CR45
  publication-title: J Human Nutr Diet
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.1995.tb00309.x
– volume: 32
  start-page: 577
  year: 1983
  ident: 278_CR102
  publication-title: Int J Cancer
  doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910320510
– volume: 56
  start-page: 1520
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR164
  publication-title: Diabet
  doi: 10.1007/s00125-013-2899-8
– volume: 53
  start-page: 1159
  year: 1991
  ident: 278_CR59
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/53.5.1159
– volume: 90
  start-page: 1489
  year: 2009
  ident: 278_CR220
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27573
– volume: 95
  start-page: 283
  year: 2012
  ident: 278_CR192
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.022533
– volume: 83
  start-page: 256
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR32
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.024
– ident: 278_CR11
  doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.039
– volume: 24
  start-page: 93
  year: 2005
  ident: 278_CR224
  publication-title: J Am Coll Nutr
  doi: 10.1080/07315724.2005.10719449
– volume: 72
  start-page: 376
  year: 1982
  ident: 278_CR116
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
  doi: 10.2105/AJPH.72.4.376
– volume: 18
  start-page: 501
  year: 2007
  ident: 278_CR139
  publication-title: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass)
  doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3180646338
– ident: 278_CR268
  doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.911164
– volume: 34
  start-page: 13
  year: 1993
  ident: 278_CR174
  publication-title: Biol Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90251-8
– volume: 70
  start-page: 27
  year: 2000
  ident: 278_CR69
  publication-title: Physiol Behav
  doi: 10.1016/S0031-9384(00)00230-4
– volume: 70
  start-page: 51
  year: 2017
  ident: 278_CR163
  publication-title: Ann Nutr Metab
  doi: 10.1159/000458769
– volume: 2
  start-page: 417
  year: 1976
  ident: 278_CR190
  publication-title: J Toxicol Environ Health
  doi: 10.1080/15287397609529443
– volume: 5
  start-page: 676
  year: 1988
  ident: 278_CR249
  publication-title: Diab Med
  doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1988.tb01079.x
– volume: 292
  start-page: 927
  year: 2004
  ident: 278_CR217
  publication-title: J Am Med Assoc
  doi: 10.1001/jama.292.8.927
– volume: 2
  start-page: 343
  year: 1981
  ident: 278_CR90
  publication-title: Carcinogenesis
  doi: 10.1093/carcin/2.4.343
– volume: 4
  start-page: 185
  year: 2008
  ident: 278_CR87
  publication-title: Prev Med
– volume: 148
  start-page: 183
  year: 2006
  ident: 278_CR219
  publication-title: J Ped
  doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.11.025
– volume: 75
  start-page: 71
  year: 2015
  ident: 278_CR283
  publication-title: Food Chem Toxicol
  doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.011
– ident: 278_CR183
  doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3603
– ident: 278_CR10
– volume: 48
  start-page: 19
  year: 1990
  ident: 278_CR63
  publication-title: Physiol Behav
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(90)90254-2
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1255
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR81
  publication-title: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab
  doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0344
– volume: 112
  start-page: 207
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR221
  publication-title: Arch Argent Pediatr
– volume: 57
  start-page: S3
  year: 2011
  ident: 278_CR76
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.118
– volume: 41
  start-page: 924
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR54
  publication-title: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab.
  doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0079
– volume: 367
  start-page: 1397
  year: 2012
  ident: 278_CR184
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1203034
– volume: 3
  start-page: e3431
  year: 2008
  ident: 278_CR140
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003431
– volume: 19
  start-page: 725
  year: 1983
  ident: 278_CR94
  publication-title: Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol
  doi: 10.1016/0277-5379(83)90005-6
– volume: 8
  start-page: 02
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR82
  publication-title: Nutrients.
  doi: 10.3390/nu8010009
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1575
  year: 2015
  ident: 278_CR21
  publication-title: Eur J Prev Card
  doi: 10.1177/2047487314560663
– volume: 124
  start-page: 894
  year: 1986
  ident: 278_CR120
  publication-title: Am J Epidemiol
  doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114479
– volume: 12
  start-page: 778
  year: 2004
  ident: 278_CR207
  publication-title: Obes Res
  doi: 10.1038/oby.2004.94
– volume: 50
  start-page: 41
  year: 2011
  ident: 278_CR276
  publication-title: Eur J Nutr
  doi: 10.1007/s00394-010-0113-z
– volume: 30
  start-page: 138
  year: 1996
  ident: 278_CR153
  publication-title: Caries Res
  doi: 10.1159/000262150
– volume: 6
  start-page: 25
  year: 1985
  ident: 278_CR155
  publication-title: Swiss Dent
– volume: 51
  start-page: 37
  year: 2008
  ident: 278_CR258
  publication-title: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol
  doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.02.006
– volume: 45
  start-page: 332
  year: 1982
  ident: 278_CR106
  publication-title: Br J Cancer
  doi: 10.1038/bjc.1982.59
– volume: 44
  start-page: 187
  year: 2005
  ident: 278_CR36
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2004.11.003
– volume: 39
  start-page: 247
  year: 1987
  ident: 278_CR66
  publication-title: Physiol Behav
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(87)90017-5
– volume: 22
  start-page: 215
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR119
  publication-title: Egypt Cent Eur J Public Health
  doi: 10.21101/cejph.a3919
– ident: 278_CR262
– volume: 107
  start-page: 398
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR53
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.113
– volume: 41
  start-page: 450
  year: 2017
  ident: 278_CR56
  publication-title: Int J Obes
  doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.225
– volume: 28
  start-page: 204
  year: 1985
  ident: 278_CR248
  publication-title: Diabetologia
  doi: 10.1007/BF00282233
– volume: 29
  start-page: 507
  year: 1982
  ident: 278_CR133
  publication-title: Int J Cancer
  doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910290504
– ident: 278_CR259
  doi: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.351.6
– volume: 13
  start-page: 141
  year: 2015
  ident: 278_CR17
  publication-title: Int J Evid Based Healthc
  doi: 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050
– volume: 2
  start-page: 392
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR80
  publication-title: Obes Sci Pract
  doi: 10.1002/osp4.64
– volume: 82
  start-page: 437
  year: 1999
  ident: 278_CR43
  publication-title: Brit J Nutr.
  doi: 10.1017/S0007114599001695
– volume: 61
  start-page: 745
  year: 2007
  ident: 278_CR27
  publication-title: Ped Res
  doi: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3180536591
– volume: 35
  start-page: 15
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR134
  publication-title: J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr
  doi: 10.1080/21551197.2015.1084258
– volume: 9
  start-page: 86s
  year: 2001
  ident: 278_CR196
  publication-title: Obes Res
  doi: 10.1038/oby.2001.11
– volume: 90
  start-page: 1172
  year: 2009
  ident: 278_CR137
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28111
– volume: 68
  start-page: 1247
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR84
  publication-title: Nutr Cancer
  doi: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1224366
– volume: 11
  start-page: 73
  issue: Suppl 1
  year: 1988
  ident: 278_CR188
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/S0195-6663(88)80050-3
– volume: 58
  start-page: 2156
  year: 1986
  ident: 278_CR112
  publication-title: Cancer
  doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19861101)58:9<2156::AID-CNCR2820580933>3.0.CO;2-Y
– volume: 58
  start-page: 1336
  year: 2004
  ident: 278_CR71
  publication-title: Eur J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601969
– volume: 1
  start-page: 837
  year: 1980
  ident: 278_CR91
  publication-title: Preliminary results Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(80)91350-1
– volume: 31
  start-page: 202
  year: 2011
  ident: 278_CR171
  publication-title: Cephalalgia
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1802
  year: 2008
  ident: 278_CR212
  publication-title: Obesity
  doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.287
– volume: 59
  start-page: 338
  year: 1994
  ident: 278_CR60
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/59.2.338
– volume: 1
  start-page: S120
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR194
  publication-title: Eur J Prev Cardiol
– volume: 97
  start-page: 604
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR78
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.048405
– ident: 278_CR13
– volume: 156
  start-page: 35
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR72
  publication-title: Physiol Behav
  doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.12.025
– volume: 15
  start-page: 195
  year: 1986
  ident: 278_CR218
  publication-title: Prev Med
  doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(86)90089-7
– volume: 29
  start-page: 61
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR281
  publication-title: J Pharm Technol
  doi: 10.1177/875512251302900203
– volume: 41
  start-page: 795
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR240
  publication-title: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab
  doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0675
– volume: 43
  start-page: 547
  year: 1988
  ident: 278_CR47
  publication-title: Physiol Bahav
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(88)90207-7
– volume: 37
  start-page: 1378
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR215
  publication-title: Int J Obes
  doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.225
– volume: 89
  start-page: 1037
  year: 2009
  ident: 278_CR270
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27140
– volume: 40
  start-page: 734
  year: 1987
  ident: 278_CR99
  publication-title: Int J Cancer
  doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910400604
– volume: 53
  start-page: 251
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR286
  publication-title: Eur J Nutr
  doi: 10.1007/s00394-013-0523-9
– volume: 6
  start-page: 150
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR231
  publication-title: Obes Facts
– ident: 278_CR23
  doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-123
– volume: 8
  start-page: 379
  year: 1993
  ident: 278_CR175
  publication-title: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1002/gps.930080503
– volume: 69
  start-page: 229
  year: 1985
  ident: 278_CR109
  publication-title: Natl Cancer Inst Monogr
– volume: 100
  start-page: 36
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR200
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.081554
– volume: 302
  start-page: 537
  year: 1980
  ident: 278_CR105
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJM198003063021001
– volume: 144
  start-page: 2041
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR127
  publication-title: J Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/jn.114.197475
– volume: 139
  start-page: 129
  year: 1975
  ident: 278_CR287
  publication-title: Brit Dent J
  doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4803531
– volume: 112
  start-page: 143
  year: 2017
  ident: 278_CR52
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.028
– volume: 46
  start-page: S47
  issue: Suppl 7
  year: 2008
  ident: 278_CR193
  publication-title: Food Chem Tox
  doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.007
– volume: 11
  start-page: 62
  issue: Suppl 1
  year: 1988
  ident: 278_CR50
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/S0195-6663(88)80048-5
– volume: 30
  start-page: 536
  year: 2011
  ident: 278_CR233
  publication-title: J Am Coll Nutr
  doi: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10720000
– volume: 174
  start-page: 241
  year: 1993
  ident: 278_CR145
  publication-title: Br Dent J
  doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4808141
– volume: 63
  start-page: 1448
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR34
  publication-title: Ann Nutr Metab.
– volume: 51
  start-page: 59
  year: 2000
  ident: 278_CR39
  publication-title: Int J Food Sci Nutr
  doi: 10.1080/096374800100912
– volume: 63
  start-page: 1103
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR230
  publication-title: Ann Nutr Metab
– ident: 278_CR189
– volume: 29
  start-page: 73
  year: 1975
  ident: 278_CR166
  publication-title: Br J Prev Soc Med.
– ident: 278_CR51
  doi: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.40.7
– volume: 55
  start-page: 130
  year: 2010
  ident: 278_CR197
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.05.001
– volume: 46
  start-page: S40
  issue: Suppl 7
  year: 2008
  ident: 278_CR242
  publication-title: Food Chem Toxicol
  doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.040
– ident: 278_CR156
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1415
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR77
  publication-title: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md)
  doi: 10.1002/oby.20737
– volume: 22
  start-page: 168
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR280
  publication-title: J Neurogastroenterol Motil
  doi: 10.5056/jnm15206
– volume: 58
  start-page: 2455
  year: 2015
  ident: 278_CR15
  publication-title: Diabetologia
  doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3694-5
– volume: 10
  start-page: 114
  year: 2011
  ident: 278_CR35
  publication-title: Nutr J
  doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-114
– volume: 41
  start-page: 81
  year: 1999
  ident: 278_CR142
  publication-title: J Oral Science
  doi: 10.2334/josnusd.41.81
– volume: 21
  start-page: 103
  year: 1997
  ident: 278_CR216
  publication-title: Int J Obes
  doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800373
– volume: 143
  start-page: 367
  year: 2015
  ident: 278_CR227
  publication-title: Revista Medica de Chile
  doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872015000300012
– volume: 83
  start-page: 82
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR73
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.003
– volume: 43
  start-page: 913
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR266
  publication-title: Turk J Med Sci
  doi: 10.3906/sag-1208-98
– volume: 13
  start-page: 93
  year: 1989
  ident: 278_CR25
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/0195-6663(89)90107-4
– volume: 96
  start-page: 552
  year: 2012
  ident: 278_CR177
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.031567
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1894
  year: 2008
  ident: 278_CR210
  publication-title: Obes J
  doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.284
– volume: 6
  start-page: 33
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR64
  publication-title: Obesity facts
– volume: 29
  start-page: 90
  year: 1989
  ident: 278_CR170
  publication-title: Headache
  doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1989.hed2902090.x
– volume: 54
  start-page: 587
  year: 1975
  ident: 278_CR114
  publication-title: J Natl Cancer Inst
– volume: 118
  start-page: e1010
  year: 2006
  ident: 278_CR234
  publication-title: Pediatrics
  doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2348
– volume: 92
  start-page: 626
  year: 2010
  ident: 278_CR176
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28968
– volume: 54
  start-page: 297
  year: 2003
  ident: 278_CR229
  publication-title: Int J Food Sci Nutr
  doi: 10.1080/09637480120092143
– volume: 62
  start-page: 1397
  year: 1979
  ident: 278_CR124
  publication-title: J Natl Cancer Inst
– volume: 31
  start-page: 67
  year: 1998
  ident: 278_CR29
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1006/appe.1997.0153
– volume: 97
  start-page: 155
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR165
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.048603
– volume: 9
  start-page: e94715
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR173
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094715
– volume: 112
  start-page: 725
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR157
  publication-title: Brit J Nutr
  doi: 10.1017/S0007114514001329
– volume: 130
  start-page: 708
  year: 1978
  ident: 278_CR179
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol
  doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(78)90333-2
– volume: 240
  start-page: 349
  year: 1978
  ident: 278_CR100
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.1978.03290040027017
– volume: 97
  start-page: 517
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR162
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.050997
– volume: 2
  start-page: 429
  year: 1976
  ident: 278_CR246
  publication-title: J Toxicol Environ Health
  doi: 10.1080/15287397609529444
– volume: 119
  start-page: 408
  year: 1978
  ident: 278_CR97
  publication-title: CMAJ
– volume: 56
  start-page: 12
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR275
  publication-title: Headache
  doi: 10.1111/head.12725
– volume: 11
  start-page: 212
  year: 1982
  ident: 278_CR107
  publication-title: Int J Epidemiol
  doi: 10.1093/ije/11.3.212
– volume: 14
  start-page: 3205
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR101
  publication-title: APJCP
– volume: 47
  start-page: 1037
  year: 1990
  ident: 278_CR65
  publication-title: Physiol Behav
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(90)90350-D
– volume: 129
  start-page: 1623
  year: 1998
  ident: 278_CR141
  publication-title: JADA
– volume: 6
  start-page: 160
  year: 2011
  ident: 278_CR138
  publication-title: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol
  doi: 10.2215/CJN.03260410
– ident: 278_CR237
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167241
– volume: 37
  start-page: 185
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR172
  publication-title: Res Nurs Health
  doi: 10.1002/nur.21595
– volume: 68
  start-page: 404
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR178
  publication-title: Eur J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.267
– volume: 6
  start-page: 363
  year: 1997
  ident: 278_CR96
  publication-title: Eur J Cancer Prev
  doi: 10.1097/00008469-199708000-00008
– volume: 2
  start-page: 23
  year: 1986
  ident: 278_CR255
  publication-title: Diabetes Res Clin Pract
  doi: 10.1016/S0168-8227(86)80025-0
– ident: 278_CR118
  doi: 10.1093/jnci/89.14.1072
– volume: 100
  start-page: 765
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR181
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.082826
– volume: 44
  start-page: 305
  year: 2007
  ident: 278_CR293
  publication-title: Prev Med
  doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.12.011
– volume: 30
  start-page: 439
  year: 1996
  ident: 278_CR148
  publication-title: Caries Res
  doi: 10.1159/000262357
– volume: 14
  start-page: 191
  year: 2001
  ident: 278_CR223
  publication-title: J Hum Nutr Diet
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-277X.2001.00289.x
– volume: 56
  start-page: 541
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR278
  publication-title: Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
  doi: 10.1080/10408398.2013.792772
– volume: 93
  start-page: 1321
  year: 2011
  ident: 278_CR160
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.007922
– volume: 23
  start-page: 59
  year: 1998
  ident: 278_CR8
  publication-title: Chem Senses
  doi: 10.1093/chemse/23.1.59
– volume: 63
  start-page: 142
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR245
  publication-title: Arch Latinoam Nutr
– volume: 364
  start-page: 2392
  year: 2011
  ident: 278_CR214
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1014296
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1032
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR247
  publication-title: J Endocrinol Diabetes Obes.
– volume: 17
  start-page: 587
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR1
  publication-title: Public Health Nutr
  doi: 10.1017/S1368980013000141
– volume: 5
  start-page: 305
  year: 2010
  ident: 278_CR22
  publication-title: Int J Pediatr Obes
  doi: 10.3109/17477160903497027
– volume: 11
  start-page: e12
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR202
  publication-title: Pediatric Obesity
  doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12067
– volume: 33
  start-page: 592
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR3
  publication-title: Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess
– volume: 70
  start-page: E384
  issue: 6
  year: 2011
  ident: 278_CR74
  publication-title: Proc Nutr Soc
  doi: 10.1017/S0029665111004691
– volume: 3
  start-page: 345
  year: 2010
  ident: 278_CR225
  publication-title: Obesity Facts
  doi: 10.1159/000322915
– volume: 89
  start-page: 1299
  year: 2009
  ident: 278_CR208
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27240
– volume: 29
  start-page: 293
  year: 1982
  ident: 278_CR79
  publication-title: Physiol Behav
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(82)90018-X
– volume: 63
  start-page: 708
  year: 2015
  ident: 278_CR211
  publication-title: J Am Geriatr Soc
  doi: 10.1111/jgs.13376
– volume: 53
  start-page: 52
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR2
  publication-title: Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci
  doi: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1084990
– volume: 157
  start-page: 882
  year: 2003
  ident: 278_CR232
  publication-title: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
  doi: 10.1001/archpedi.157.9.882
– volume: 53
  start-page: 459
  year: 1993
  ident: 278_CR31
  publication-title: Physiol Behav
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(93)90139-7
– volume: 8
  start-page: 113
  year: 2010
  ident: 278_CR20
  publication-title: Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem
  doi: 10.2174/187152510791170960
– ident: 278_CR253
– volume: 18
  start-page: 2235
  year: 2009
  ident: 278_CR125
  publication-title: Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev
  doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0365
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1638
  year: 1977
  ident: 278_CR75
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/30.10.1638
– volume: 170
  start-page: 662
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR239
  publication-title: JAMA Pediatr
  doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0301
– volume: 47
  start-page: 136
  year: 2008
  ident: 278_CR86
  publication-title: Argentina Prev Med
  doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.03.015
– volume: 41
  start-page: 340
  year: 2017
  ident: 278_CR241
  publication-title: Int J Obes
  doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.203
– volume: 103
  start-page: 1607
  year: 2003
  ident: 278_CR243
  publication-title: J Am Diet Assoc
  doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2003.09.021
– volume: 149
  start-page: 2318
  year: 1989
  ident: 278_CR191
  publication-title: Arch Intern Med
  doi: 10.1001/archinte.1989.00390100120026
– volume: 28
  start-page: 10
  year: 1988
  ident: 278_CR168
  publication-title: Headache
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.1988.hed2801010.x
– volume: 115
  start-page: 199
  year: 1992
  ident: 278_CR272
  publication-title: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
  doi: 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90324-L
– volume: 57
  start-page: 489
  year: 1995
  ident: 278_CR48
  publication-title: Physiol Behav
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)00289-H
– volume: 13
  start-page: 201
  year: 2012
  ident: 278_CR144
  publication-title: J Contemp Dent Pract.
  doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1121
– volume: 127
  start-page: 1179
  year: 1988
  ident: 278_CR111
  publication-title: Am J Epidemiol
  doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114911
– volume: 8
  start-page: 209
  year: 1995
  ident: 278_CR152
  publication-title: Am J Dent
– volume: 49
  start-page: 325
  year: 1991
  ident: 278_CR44
  publication-title: Physiol Bahav.
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(91)90051-O
– volume: 45
  start-page: 387
  year: 1989
  ident: 278_CR30
  publication-title: Physiol Behav
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(89)90145-5
– volume: 66
  start-page: 375
  year: 1999
  ident: 278_CR40
  publication-title: Physiol Bahav.
  doi: 10.1016/S0031-9384(98)00280-7
– volume: 7
  start-page: 2382
  year: 2015
  ident: 278_CR290
  publication-title: Nutrients
  doi: 10.3390/nu7042382
– volume: 51
  start-page: 611
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR6
  publication-title: J Food Sci Technol
  doi: 10.1007/s13197-011-0571-1
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1654
  year: 2006
  ident: 278_CR128
  publication-title: Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev
  doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0203
– ident: 278_CR24
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161264
– volume: 20
  start-page: 732
  year: 2006
  ident: 278_CR267
  publication-title: Phytoter Res
  doi: 10.1002/ptr.1944
– volume: 77
  start-page: 609
  year: 2010
  ident: 278_CR136
  publication-title: Kidney Int
  doi: 10.1038/ki.2009.500
– volume: 207
  start-page: 1214
  year: 1980
  ident: 278_CR115
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.7355283
– volume: 51
  start-page: 4096
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR7
  publication-title: J Food Sci Technol
  doi: 10.1007/s13197-012-0911-9
– volume: 68
  start-page: 629
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR33
  publication-title: Eur J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.19
– volume: 124
  start-page: 926
  year: 1986
  ident: 278_CR98
  publication-title: Am J Epidemiol
  doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114482
– ident: 278_CR14
  doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2017.1288340
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1097
  year: 2003
  ident: 278_CR289
  publication-title: Food Addit Contam
  doi: 10.1080/02652030310001620450
– volume: 10
  start-page: 438
  year: 2003
  ident: 278_CR198
  publication-title: Am J Ther
  doi: 10.1097/00045391-200311000-00010
– volume: 23
  start-page: 90
  year: 1994
  ident: 278_CR70
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1006/appe.1994.1038
– volume: 55
  start-page: 7
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR129
  publication-title: Eur J Nutr
  doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0818-5
– volume: 44
  start-page: 1787
  year: 1994
  ident: 278_CR167
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.44.10.1787
– volume: 117
  start-page: 754
  year: 2008
  ident: 278_CR159
  publication-title: Circulation
  doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.716159
– volume: 117
  start-page: 673
  year: 2006
  ident: 278_CR186
  publication-title: Pediatrics
  doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-0983
– volume: 51
  start-page: 428
  year: 1990
  ident: 278_CR46
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/51.3.428
– volume: 55
  start-page: 37
  year: 2010
  ident: 278_CR26
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.03.009
– volume: 84
  start-page: 1223
  year: 1993
  ident: 278_CR132
  publication-title: Jpn J Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1993.tb02826.x
– volume: 58
  start-page: 154
  year: 2004
  ident: 278_CR68
  publication-title: Eur J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601762
– volume: 34
  start-page: 633
  year: 1987
  ident: 278_CR89
  publication-title: Neoplasma
– volume: 24
  start-page: 350
  year: 2002
  ident: 278_CR151
  publication-title: Pediatr Dent
– volume: 40
  start-page: 283
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR206
  publication-title: Diabetes Metab J
  doi: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.4.283
– ident: 278_CR238
  doi: 10.1038/nutd.2016.9
– volume: 25
  start-page: 2797
  year: 2003
  ident: 278_CR187
  publication-title: Clin Ther
  doi: 10.1016/S0149-2918(03)80334-X
– volume: 64
  start-page: 701
  year: 1980
  ident: 278_CR92
  publication-title: J Natl Cancer Inst
– volume: 10
  start-page: 39
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR254
  publication-title: Rev Diabet Stud
  doi: 10.1900/RDS.2013.10.39
– volume: 73
  start-page: 21
  year: 1992
  ident: 278_CR222
  publication-title: Stat Bull Metrop Insur Co
– volume: 71
  start-page: 433
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR277
  publication-title: Nutr Rev
  doi: 10.1111/nure.12038
– volume: 25
  start-page: 307
  year: 2001
  ident: 278_CR147
  publication-title: J Clin Pediatr Dent
  doi: 10.17796/jcpd.25.4.e846xm3676505012
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1372
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR205
  publication-title: Nutr Hosp
  doi: 10.20960/nh.797
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1293
  year: 2013
  ident: 278_CR279
  publication-title: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif)
  doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.03.024
– ident: 278_CR61
  doi: 10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5961
– volume: 6
  start-page: 36537
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR291
  publication-title: Sci Rep
  doi: 10.1038/srep36537
– volume: 95
  start-page: 909
  year: 2012
  ident: 278_CR269
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.026682
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR284
  publication-title: BMC Med Res Methodol
  doi: 10.1186/s12874-015-0105-z
– volume: 35
  start-page: 703
  year: 1985
  ident: 278_CR93
  publication-title: Int J Cancer
  doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910350602
– ident: 278_CR85
  doi: 10.1186/s13690-015-0092-x
– ident: 278_CR282
  doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2012.08.180
– volume: 8
  start-page: 415
  year: 1985
  ident: 278_CR251
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/diacare.8.5.415
– volume: 357
  start-page: 505
  year: 2001
  ident: 278_CR213
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04041-1
– volume: 24
  start-page: 297
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR195
  publication-title: Obesity
  doi: 10.1002/oby.21327
– volume: 65
  start-page: 409
  year: 1997
  ident: 278_CR58
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.2.409
– volume: 51
  start-page: 963
  year: 1990
  ident: 278_CR67
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/51.6.963
– volume: 7
  start-page: 3569
  year: 2015
  ident: 278_CR226
  publication-title: Nutrients.
  doi: 10.3390/nu7053569
– volume: 6
  start-page: 435
  year: 2001
  ident: 278_CR110
  publication-title: J BUON
– ident: 278_CR263
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.4.721
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1004
  year: 1996
  ident: 278_CR252
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/diacare.19.9.1004
– volume: 19
  start-page: 791
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR135
  publication-title: Nephrol
  doi: 10.1111/nep.12343
– volume: 48
  start-page: 199
  year: 1991
  ident: 278_CR108
  publication-title: Int J Cancer
  doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910480208
– volume: 5
  start-page: 326
  year: 1994
  ident: 278_CR103
  publication-title: Cancer Causes Control
  doi: 10.1007/BF01804983
– volume: 80
  start-page: S1083
  year: 2015
  ident: 278_CR4
  publication-title: J Food Sci
  doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12835
– volume: 9
  start-page: 101
  year: 1989
  ident: 278_CR169
  publication-title: N Engl J Med.
– volume: 65
  start-page: 508
  year: 2011
  ident: 278_CR38
  publication-title: Eur J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.291
– volume: 76
  start-page: 1025
  year: 1986
  ident: 278_CR131
  publication-title: J Natl Cancer Inst
– volume: 49
  start-page: 644
  year: 2007
  ident: 278_CR28
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.04.004
– volume: 40
  start-page: 381
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR182
  publication-title: Int J Obes
  doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.177
– volume: 367
  start-page: 1407
  year: 2012
  ident: 278_CR185
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1203388
– volume: 50
  start-page: 474
  year: 1989
  ident: 278_CR250
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/50.3.474
– volume: 77
  start-page: S323
  year: 2012
  ident: 278_CR5
  publication-title: J Food Sci
  doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02844.x
– volume: 13
  start-page: 71
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR55
  publication-title: Nutr Metab
  doi: 10.1186/s12986-016-0129-3
– volume: 30
  start-page: 151
  year: 1976
  ident: 278_CR130
  publication-title: BMJ
– volume: 168
  start-page: 1487
  year: 2008
  ident: 278_CR285
  publication-title: Arch Int Med
  doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.14.1487
– volume: 50
  start-page: 104
  year: 2006
  ident: 278_CR12
  publication-title: Scand J Food Nutr
  doi: 10.1080/17482970600982719
– volume: 120
  start-page: e869
  year: 2007
  ident: 278_CR199
  publication-title: Obes Res
– volume: 21
  start-page: 37
  year: 1997
  ident: 278_CR41
  publication-title: Int J Obes
  doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800360
– volume: 45
  start-page: 1093
  year: 1989
  ident: 278_CR49
  publication-title: Physiol Behav
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(89)90093-0
– volume: 11
  start-page: 359
  year: 1988
  ident: 278_CR88
  publication-title: Cancer Detect Prev
– volume: 116
  start-page: 1885
  year: 1974
  ident: 278_CR256
  publication-title: Munch Med Wochenschr
– volume: 67
  start-page: 1291
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR19
  publication-title: J Clin Epidemiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.03.013
– volume: 72
  start-page: 397
  year: 1993
  ident: 278_CR149
  publication-title: J Dent Res
– volume: 62
  start-page: 180
  year: 1995
  ident: 278_CR150
  publication-title: ASDC J Dent Child
– volume: 51
  start-page: 1100
  year: 1990
  ident: 278_CR209
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/51.6.1100
– volume: 128
  start-page: 281
  year: 1982
  ident: 278_CR95
  publication-title: J Urol
  doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)52886-4
– volume: 46
  start-page: 779
  year: 1990
  ident: 278_CR122
  publication-title: Int J Cancer
  doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910460505
– volume: 50
  start-page: 496
  year: 2016
  ident: 278_CR161
  publication-title: Brit J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-h3576rep
– volume: 27
  start-page: 488
  year: 1993
  ident: 278_CR288
  publication-title: Caries Res
  doi: 10.1159/000261586
– volume: 58
  start-page: 217
  year: 2007
  ident: 278_CR201
  publication-title: Int J Food Sci Nutr
  doi: 10.1080/09637480701198083
– volume: 97
  start-page: 193
  year: 2007
  ident: 278_CR62
  publication-title: Brit J Nutr.
  doi: 10.1017/S0007114507252705
– volume: 66
  start-page: 523
  year: 2012
  ident: 278_CR42
  publication-title: Eur J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.223
– volume: 28
  start-page: 249
  year: 2014
  ident: 278_CR146
  publication-title: Brazilian Oral Research.
– volume: 294
  start-page: 2330
  year: 2005
  ident: 278_CR271
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.294.18.2330
– volume: 17
  start-page: 23
  year: 1990
  ident: 278_CR126
  publication-title: Eur Urol
  doi: 10.1159/000463993
– volume: 117
  start-page: 326
  year: 1983
  ident: 278_CR113
  publication-title: Am J Epidemiol
  doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113545
– volume: 18
  start-page: 40
  year: 2007
  ident: 278_CR123
  publication-title: Ann Oncol
  doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdl346
– volume: 32
  start-page: 362
  year: 2015
  ident: 278_CR228
  publication-title: Nutr Hosp
– volume: 103
  start-page: 307
  year: 2011
  ident: 278_CR117
  publication-title: J Neuro-Oncol
  doi: 10.1007/s11060-010-0388-1
– volume: 16
  start-page: 101
  year: 2002
  ident: 278_CR154
  publication-title: Pesqui Odontol Bras
  doi: 10.1590/S1517-74912002000200002
SSID ssj0028897
Score 2.5069559
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is...
Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is obviously...
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is...
BACKGROUND: Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is...
Abstract Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 55
SubjectTerms adverse effects
Appetite
Artificial sweetener
Artificial sweeteners
Aspartame
Beverage industry
Blood pressure
Body weight gain
Cancer
Cardiovascular diseases
Case reports
case studies
case-control studies
Clinical Nutrition
cognition
Cognitive ability
cohort studies
cross-sectional studies
Dental caries
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Evaluation
experimental design
FDA approval
Food intake
Food safety
Headache
Health aspects
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Health risks
humans
Hypertension
kidney diseases
Kidney transplantation
Medical research
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Medicine, Experimental
Mental depression
Meta-analysis
neoplasms
Non-nutritive sweetener
nonnutritive sweeteners
Nutrition research
Obesity
Overweight
Product development
Review
risk
Risk factors
Saccharin
Stevia
Sugar
sugars
Sweet taste
Sweeteners
systematic review
taste
weight gain
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELZQT1wQtDwCBRmEQAJZdRLHdrgtj6pwKBJQqTfLdpy2UkkQ2YXy75lxnNWmqHDhGk8kZx6e-eLxZ0Ke5pWXAepWBtnDMQEuxJxtS9aUrgitEN62sdviUB4ciQ_H1fHGVV_YEzbSA4-K2xO6aGwpHW9FISxvLJQASgUAUxV3ykfgw2s-gakEtbSuVdrDzLXcGzCrYYulwj1LzS5mWSiS9f-5JG_kpMv9kpc2TWMu2r9JbqQiki7Gyd8i10K3TXYWHQDor7_oMxrbOuP_8m2SvT0LS3iWCEDP6eHEv79DPo6HkGi_WoLjhYH2Le36jnWjyI9Ah58Bq2qoEV9Rm_hLUArKRpp4gk5pPC6MjVS3ydH-uy9vDli6YYF5qfiSuWCtRA4zK3gonCtVU9YS1kcJqbPyttCeu9pZXdgiL70UUjRCW60Dr9sccPgdsgXTCvcIDbnwbS4CBrioPfIbNrkMqgwlUleqjPBJ48Yn-nG8BePcRBiipRmNZMBIBo1kLjLyYv3Kt5F742_Cr9GMa0GkzY4PwJlMcibzL2fKyBN0AoPEGB123pzY1TCY958_mUWsrPCy-Iw8T0JtD1_gbTrIAHpALq2Z5O5MEiLXz4cnXzNp5RhMXgtVQQ2rq4w8Xg_jm9gN14V-hTKlqgDqVvnVMsVYrSpRZ-Tu6L5r3UB4aLA_2ETNHHumvPlId3YauccBgCKEyMjLKQQ2pn6Vbe7_D9s8INeLGMA143qXbC2_r8JDKAiX7lGM_d8KI1nY
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3dT9UwFG_w8uKLUfBjiKYao4lmYR9d25kYc1EI-nA1KAlvTdt1QIIbsnsV_3vP6borw8Drepps5_usp79DyIu0sNxB3hpD9DAxAxWKja7zuMpN5mrGrK59t8WM7x2wz4fF4QqZDXdhsK1y8IneUVetxX_kW1BsiwJiuyzen_2McWoUnq4OIzR0GK1QvfMQY7fIKrjkIpmQ1e2d2df9ZQkmZSnC2WYq-VaH0Q5bLwWeZcr4YhSdPIj__676Uqy62kd55TDVx6jdu-ROSC7ptNeGe2TFNWtkfdpAYf3jD31Jfbun_4--RqKPJ24OzwIw6CmdDbj86-RLfzmJtos5MMd1tK1p0zZx05P8crT77TDbhtzxLdUB1wSpIJ2kAT_omPprxNhgdZ8c7O58_7AXh8kLseUimcfGac0R20yzxGXG5KLKSw5-k0NILazOpE1MabTMdJbmljPOKia1lC4p6xTq8wdkAq_lHhHqUmbrlDk0fFZaxD2sUu5E7nKEtBQRSQaOKxtgyXE6xqny5YnkqheSAiEpFJK6iMjr5ZazHpPjJuJtFOOSEOG0_YP2_EgF61RMZpXOuUlqljGdVBryTCEcVOxFYoRNI_IclUAhYEaDHTlHetF16tO3fTX1GRcOkY_Iq0BUt_AFVocLDsAHxNgaUW6OKMGi7Xh50DUVPEqn_ul_RJ4tl3Endsk1rl0gTS4KKIGL9HqarM9iBSsj8rBX3yVvwDwkyB9kIkaKPWLeeKU5OfaY5FCYYmkRkTeDCVx69etks3Hzhz4mtzNvmmWcyE0ymZ8v3BNIAefmabDrv1_AWMk
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Springer Nature OA Free Journals
  dbid: C6C
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3di9QwEA9ygvgi554f1VOiiIJSbNo0SX1bV49T8AT14N5CkqZ3B2d72K4f_70zaXbZnp7gazOBNjOT-U1n8gshT1jphAfcmkL0sCkHE0qtaYq0LmzuG86daUK3xYHYP-Tvj8qjSBaNZ2E26_dMiZc9xiNsjpRYbVQpwMWrJey7aMwLsVjnVkpVMhYt_zptEnYCO_-fe_BGELrYIHmhShqCz942uRFRI52Par5Jrvh2RnbmLWTMX3_RpzT0cYYf5DOSvDn1AzyLjJ9n9GBFuD8j1z7EUvoO-TgeQKLdcgCj8z3tGtp2bdqO0t897X94RNSAD19RE7lLUAogI40cQSc0HBXGJqpb5HDv7ZfFfhpvV0idkNmQWm-MQP4ywzOfW1vIuqgE7I0CwmbpTK5cZitrVG5yVjjBBa-5Mkr5rGoY5OC3yRa8lr9LqGfcNYx7dG5eOeQ2rJnwsvAF0lbKhGSrxdcuUo_jDRhnOqQgSuhRXxr0pVFf-mdCnq-nnI-8G_8Sfo0aXQsiZXZ4AJakowdqrvLaFMJmDc-5yWoDWFJKD1l5mVnpWEIeoz1oJMVosevm2Cz7Xr_7_EnPA6rCi-IT8iwKNR18gTPxEAOsA_JoTSR3J5LgtW46vDI7HXeNXrOKyxLwqyoT8mg9jDOxE6713RJlCllCmluyy2XyEalKXiXkzmjJ67UBT1Ggf9CJnNj4ZPGmI-3pSeAdh-QT04eEvFh5w8arX6abe_8lfZ9cz4PTVmmmdsnW8G3pHwDqG-zD4O-_AYotTmw
  priority: 102
  providerName: Springer Nature
Title Health outcomes of non-nutritive sweeteners: analysis of the research landscape
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12937-017-0278-x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28886707
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1947543585
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1937528751
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2000615749
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5591507
https://doaj.org/article/482da36b0f424a0da23277e27450b7c1
Volume 16
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3db9MwELfG9sILgo2PwKgMQiCBAvlwbAcJoa5sGn0oaKPS3izHcbZJJYGmhe2_585JqmZsPPDSSvZZTe_Ddxeff0fIizAx3ELc6oP3yHwGKuRnuoj9PM4iWzBmdOGqLSb8cMrGJ8nJBunaW7UMrK9N7bCf1HQ-e3vx8_IjGPwHZ_CSv6vRZ2EBpcATSelDSLnljouwko-tDhUiKVPRHmxeuwyBgSEh5AJ7y655KQfm__eWveazrtZTXjlUdb7q4C650waZdNhoxT2yYcttsjMsIcH-fklfUlf26d6nbxPv07ldwFgLEDqjkw6ff4d8aS4p0Wq5AMW0Na0KWlalXzYkvyytf1uMuiGGfE91i2-CVBBW0hZH6Iy668RYaHWfTA_2v40O_bYDg2-ACws_s1pzxDjTLLBRlsUij1MO-ycH15oYHUkTZGmmZaSjMDaccZYzqaW0QVqEkKc_IJvwWPYRoTZkpgiZxQ2ApQbxD_OQWxHbGKEthUeCjuPKtPDk2CVjplyaIrlq5KVAXgrlpS488nq15EeDzfEv4j0U44oQYbXdQDU_Va2VKiajXMc8CwoWMR3kGuJNISxk7kmQCRN65DkqgULgjBIrc071sq7V5-MjNXSRFzaT98irlqio4B8Y3V50AD4g1laPcrdHCZZt-tOdrqnOMFSYMpFAjCsTjzxbTeNKrJYrbbVEmlgkkAon4c00URPNCpZ65GGjvivedFbgEdFT7B7z-jPl-ZnDJocEFVMMj7zpTGDt0W-SzeP__p0n5HbkDDj1A7lLNhfzpX0KUeIiG5Bb4kTApxyFA7I1HI6Px_C9tz_5egSjIz4auPcvA7dH_AGTW2l1
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bT9VAEN7g4UFfjIKXKupqvCSahl623a0JMSAQEDwaLglv63a7BRJskZ4j8Of8bc5st0eKgTdeu7NNuzM7l92Zbwh5HSY6NeC3-mA9cp-BCPm5KmO_iPPIlIxpVdpsi2G6tsu-7CV7U-RPVwuDaZWdTrSKuqg1npHPQ7DNE7DtIvl0_MvHrlF4u9q10FCutUKxYCHGXGHHhjk_hRCuWVhfBn6_iaLVlZ3Pa77rMuDrlAcjPzdKpYjjpVhgojyPeRFnKeiIFMxHolUkdJBnuRKRisJYpyxlBRNKCBNkZQixKLz3FplmeIAyINNLK8PvW5OQT4iMu7vUUKTzDVpXTPXkeHcq_LOeNbRNA_43DRds4-W8zUuXt9Ymrt4jd50zSxdb6btPpkw1Q2YXKwjkf57Tt9Sml9pz-xniLR-aETxzQKRHdNj1AZgl39piKFqPR8AM09C6pFVd-VVL8tvQ5tSgdw--6keqHI4KUoH7Sh1e0QG1ZcuY0PWA7N4IDx6SAXyWeUyoCZkuQ2ZQ0bBMI85iEaaGxyZGCE3ukaBbcakdDDp24ziSNhwSqWyZJIFJEpkkzzzyfjLluMUAuY54Cdk4IUT4bvugPtmXThtIJqJCxWkelCxiKigU-LWcm4izJMi5Dj3yCoVAIkBHhRlA-2rcNHJ9e0suWg8Pm9Z75J0jKmv4A61cQQWsA2J69SjnepSgQXR_uJM16TRYI__tN4-8nAzjTMzKq0w9RpqYJxByJ-HVNFHrNXOWeeRRK76TtYHtIYD_wBPeE-ze4vVHqsMDi4EOgTCGMh750G2BC59-FW-eXP-jL8jttZ2vm3JzfbjxlNyJ7DbN_EDMkcHoZGyegfs5yp-7PU7Jj5tWK38BjzSWHg
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwELZQK1VcEGx5BAoYhEACRc3DsR1uC2XVLrAgSqXeLMdx2kolqZosj3_PjOOsmkKRuMZjKfHMeL7JjD8T8izODLeAW0OIHkXIwITCQldpWKZFYivGjK5ct8WC7x6w-WF26O85bYdu96Ek2Z9pQJamuts-K6vexSXfbjFKYcukwBqkDAFErssszyH7Wp9O5_vzVc4lZS58MfOvE0fhyLH2_7k3XwhOlxsnL1VPXVCa3SQ3PJqk0179t8g1W0_I5rSGTPrbL_qcuv5O9-N8QoKdE9vBM88EekoXAxH_hGx89CX2TfKpP5hEm2UH62Jb2lS0buqw7qW_W9r-sIi0ATe-ptpzmqAUQEnquYOOqTtCjM1Vt8nB7N3Xt7uhv3UhNFxEXVhYrTnymmkW2aQoUlGmOYc9k0M4zYxOpImKvNAy0UmcGs44K5nUUtoor2LIze-QNXgte49QGzNTxcyi07PcIOdhGXMrUpsinaUISDQsvjKekhxvxjhVLjWRXPX6UqAvhfpSPwPycjXlrOfj-JfwG9ToShCptN2D5vxIec9UTCalTnkRVSxhOio1YEwhLGTrWVQIEwfkKdqDQrKMGrtxjvSybdXe_hc1dWgLL5APyAsvVDXwBUb7ww2wDsivNZLcGkmCN5vx8GB2yu8mrYpzJjLAtTILyJPVMM7EDrnaNkuUSUUG6W8WXy2T9AhWsDwgd3tLXq0NeIoE_YNOxMjGR4s3HqlPjh0fOSSlmFYE5NXgDRde_Srd3P8v6cdk4_POTH3YW7x_QK4nzn_zMJJbZK07X9qHAAy74pF3_t_k5VsZ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Health+outcomes+of+non-nutritive+sweeteners%3A+analysis+of+the+research+landscape&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+journal&rft.au=Lohner%2C+Szimonetta&rft.au=Toews%2C+Ingrid&rft.au=Meerpohl%2C+Joerg+J.&rft.date=2017-09-08&rft.pub=BioMed+Central&rft.eissn=1475-2891&rft.volume=16&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs12937-017-0278-x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28886707&rft.externalDocID=PMC5591507
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1475-2891&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1475-2891&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1475-2891&client=summon