Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in men and premenopausal women with celiac disease: a systematic review

• Published in: Nutrition journal Vol. 18; no. 1; p. 9
• Main Authors: Ganji, Reza, Moghbeli, Meysam, Sadeghi, Ramin, Bayat, Golnaz, Ganji, Azita
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 07.02.2019; BioMed Central Ltd; BMC
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Aged; Analysis; Bone densitometry; Bone Density; Bone diseases; Bone Diseases, Metabolic - epidemiology; bone fractures; Bone loss; Bone mass; Bone mineral density; bone resorption; Brazil; Brazil - epidemiology; Celiac disease; Celiac Disease - complications; Clinical Nutrition; Cytokines; Densitometry; Diabetes; Diagnostic imaging; drugs; Epidemiology; Female; females; Fractures; Fractures (Injuries); Fractures, Bone; Gluten; guidelines; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Hormone replacement therapy; Humans; Hungary; Hungary - epidemiology; India; India - epidemiology; Male; males; Medical Subject Headings-MeSH; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; men; Menopause; meta-analysis; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Nutrition research; Osteopathic medicine; Osteopenia; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis - epidemiology; Poland; Poland - epidemiology; Premenopause; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology); Review; risk assessment; Risk Factors; Subject heading schemes; Systematic review; United Kingdom; United Kingdom - epidemiology; Women; Womens health; Brazil; Poland; United Kingdom; Hungary; India; Celiac disease; Osteoporosis; Bone mineral density; Osteopenia
• ISSN: 1475-2891; 1475-2891
• DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0434-6

Background Celiac disease (CD) is known as a reason of metabolic osteopathy. Progression of non-invasive methods such as bone densitometry has shown that an important ratio of CD cases is faced with impaired bone mass and such cases are prone to bone fractures. Variety of low bone mineral density in CD is probably because of ignored confounding factors such as age, menopause, and drug. The aim of our study was to systematically review the osteoporosis and osteopenia incidences among premenopausal females and males with CD. Methods This systematic review was done based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed and Scopus and Cochran databases were searched according to the relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) of CD and bone mineral density until 2018. Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis were used as effect size for meta-analysis. Cochrane Q ( p  < 0.05) and I 2 index were presented to reveal the heterogeneity. Results 54 eligible full text reviews were included and nineteen selected for data extraction. Eleven articles didn’t have our inclusion criteria and had ignored confounding factors like age and menopause, and we excluded; data extraction was done in eight studies. A total of 563 premenopausal women and men who were from, UK, Brazil, India, Hungary, and Poland were included. The pooled prevalence of osteoporosis was 14.4% [95%CI: 9–20.5%] (Cochrane Q = 7.889, p  = 0.96, I 2  = 49.29%), and osteopenia was 39.6% [31.1–48.8%] (Cochrane Q = 14.24, p  = 0.07, I 2  = 71.92%), respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that bone loss is more prevalent in celiac disease and can be associated with increased risk of fracture. However, but results are pooled prevalence and we need more case –control studies with more sample size and consideration of confounding factors.