Lean-seafood intake decreases urinary markers of mitochondrial lipid and energy metabolism in healthy subjects: Metabolomics results from a randomized crossover intervention study

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research Vol. 60; no. 7; pp. 1661 - 1672
• Main Authors: Schmedes, Mette, Aadland, Eli Kristin, Sundekilde, Ulrik Kræmer, Jacques, Hélène, Lavigne, Charles, Graff, Ingvild Eide, Eng, Øyvin, Holthe, Asle, Mellgren, Gunnar, Young, Jette Feveile, Bertram, Hanne Christine, Liaset, Bjørn, Clausen, Morten Rahr
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2016
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - urine; Carnitine - urine; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Dietary protein; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage; Energy Metabolism; excretion; Female; Glycine - analogs & derivatives; Glycine - urine; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; lipids; Male; Metabolism; metabolites; Metabolomics; Methylamines - urine; Methylhistidines - urine; Middle Aged; mitochondria; Mitochondria - metabolism; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; protein sources; proteins; Pyridones - urine; randomized clinical trials; Seafood; Urine; Young Adult; Urine; Biomarkers; Dietary protein; Lipid metabolism; Metabolism
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500785

Scope Proteins constitute an important part of the human diet, but understanding of the effects of different dietary protein sources on human metabolism is sparse. We aimed to elucidate diet‐induced metabolic changes through untargeted urinary metabolomics after four weeks of intervention with lean‐seafood or nonseafood diets. It is shown that lean‐seafood intake reduces urinary excretion of metabolites involved in mitochondrial lipid and energy metabolism possibly facilitating a higher lipid catabolism in healthy subjects. Methods In a randomized controlled trial with crossover design, 20 healthy subjects consumed two balanced diets that varied in main protein sources for 4 weeks. Morning spot urine samples were collected before and after each intervention period. Untargeted metabolomics based on 1H NMR spectroscopy and LC‐MS analyses were applied to characterize the urinary metabolic response to the interventions. Results The lean‐seafood diet period reduced the urinary level of l‐carnitine, 2,6‐dimethylheptanoylcarnitine, and N‐methyl‐2‐pyridone‐5‐carboxamide, relative to the nonseafood period. The dietary analysis revealed that the higher urinary level of trimethylamine‐N‐oxide after the lean‐seafood diet period and guanidinoacetate and 3‐methylhistidine after the nonseafood diet period was related to the endogenous content of these compounds in the diets. Conclusions Our data reveal that 4 weeks of lean‐seafood intake reduces urinary excretion of metabolites involved in mitochondrial lipid and energy metabolism possibly facilitating a higher lipid catabolism in healthy subjects after the lean‐seafood intake. The scope of the present study is to elucidate the diet‐induced metabolic changes in healthy subjects through untargeted urinary metabolomics after four weeks of intervention with lean‐seafood or nonseafood as the main protein sources. It is shown that lean‐seafood intake reduces urinary excretion of metabolites involved in mitochondrial lipid and energy metabolism possibly facilitating a higher lipid catabolism in healthy subjects.