Radio frequency interface quality assessment in 4G/5G: Effects of IQ imbalance, phase noise, and nonlinearities on error vector magnitude

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 20; no. 5; p. e0324170
• Main Authors: Pyatin, Ilya, Boiko, Juliy, Kovtun, Viacheslav, Kovtun, Oksana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 22.05.2025; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: 5G mobile communication; Algorithms; Augmented reality; Channel noise; Chips (electronics); Computer Communication Networks - instrumentation; Data transmission; Design; Engineering and Technology; Evaluation; Fourth generation wireless technology; Humans; Intelligence; Interfaces; Nonlinear systems; Nonlinearity; Optimization; Phase noise; Physical Sciences; Power amplifiers; Quadratures; Quality assessment; Quality control; Radio frequency; Radio Waves; Receivers & amplifiers; Signal-To-Noise Ratio; Transmitters; Wireless communications; Wireless Technology - instrumentation; Ukraine
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324170

Modern 4G/5G technologies aim to enhance data speeds, improve communication quality, and enable innovative services such as IoT and augmented reality. However, their efficiency depends on minimizing distortions in the radio frequency (RF) interface, evaluated through Error Vector Magnitude (EVM). Increased EVM leads to packet losses and reduced throughput, making its reduction essential for stable and high-quality networks. This study investigates the impact of RF interface imperfections on EVM in 4G/5G systems. The analysis was conducted using Simulink models of digital communication transmitters and receivers, incorporating in-phase and quadrature (IQ) imbalance, phase noise, power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity, channel noise, and signal-coding scheme characteristics. The QM78207 chipset, integrating key RF components, was used as an example to reflect the complexity and quality requirements of modern RF interfaces. The results show that the maximum allowable EVM for 64-QAM is 8% (-22 dB). Variations in IQ amplitude imbalance (0–3 dB) increased EVM from -32 dB to -15 dB, while IQ phase imbalance (0°–15°) caused an increase from -32 dB to -17 dB, both for SNR = 50 dB. These findings are valuable for optimizing RF interface designs in 4G/5G systems, ensuring enhanced communication quality and supporting the growing demands for advanced services.