Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by long-chain saturated fatty acids in human macrophages
Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturat...
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Published in | Atherosclerosis Vol. 202; no. 2; pp. 382 - 393 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
01.02.2009
Elsevier |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0021-9150 1879-1484 1879-1484 |
DOI | 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.033 |
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Abstract | Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1β secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C
2-ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-α or IL-1β secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages
via pathways involving
de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-1 beta, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1 beta secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C(2)-ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages via pathways involving de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes. Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1β secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C 2-ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-α or IL-1β secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages via pathways involving de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes. Abstract Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1β secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C2 -ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-α or IL-1β secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages via pathways involving de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes. Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-1 beta, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1 beta secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C(2)-ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages via pathways involving de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes.Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-1 beta, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1 beta secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C(2)-ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages via pathways involving de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes. |
Author | Fogelstrand, Linda Wiklund, Olov Danielsson, Kristina Norén Håversen, Liliana |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Liliana surname: Håversen fullname: Håversen, Liliana email: liliana.haversen@wlab.gu.se – sequence: 2 givenname: Kristina Norén surname: Danielsson fullname: Danielsson, Kristina Norén – sequence: 3 givenname: Linda surname: Fogelstrand fullname: Fogelstrand, Linda – sequence: 4 givenname: Olov surname: Wiklund fullname: Wiklund, Olov |
BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21146440$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599066$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/109060$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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Issue | 2 |
Keywords | Serine palmitoyltransferase Palmitate Atherosclerosis Stearate Ceramide Diabetes Proinflammatory cytokines Macrophages Endocrinopathy Human Long chain Diabetes mellitus Serine Cytokine Sphingolipid Lipids Cardiovascular disease Vascular disease Saturated fatty acid Aminoacid Macrophage |
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PublicationTitle | Atherosclerosis |
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SubjectTerms | Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research) Biological and medical sciences biosynthesis Blood and lymphatic vessels Cardiology. Vascular system Cardiovascular Cardiovascular system Cell Line Cell Line, Tumor Ceramide Ceramides Ceramides - biosynthesis Cytokines Cytokines - genetics Cytokines - metabolism Cytokines - secretion cytology Dermatologi och venereologi Dermatology and Venereal Diseases Diabetes drug effects Fatty Acids Fatty Acids - pharmacology genetics Humans Interleukin-1beta Interleukin-1beta - genetics Interleukin-1beta - metabolism Interleukin-1beta - secretion Interleukin-8 Interleukin-8 - genetics Interleukin-8 - metabolism Interleukin-8 - secretion JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism Lauric Acids Lauric Acids - pharmacology Leukemia Linoleic Acid Linoleic Acid - pharmacology Macrophages Medical sciences Messenger metabolism Microbiology in the Medical Area Mikrobiologi inom det medicinska området Monocytes Monocytes - cytology Monocytes - drug effects Monocytes - physiology Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - genetics Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - metabolism Myristic Acid Myristic Acid - pharmacology p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism Palmitate Palmitic Acid Palmitic Acid - pharmacology Palmitoyl Coenzyme A Palmitoyl Coenzyme A - metabolism pharmacology Pharmacology. Drug treatments physiology Proinflammatory cytokines RNA RNA, Messenger - metabolism RNA, Small Interfering secretion Serine palmitoyltransferase Small Interfering Stearate Stearic Acids Stearic Acids - pharmacology Transcription Factor AP-1 Transcription Factor AP-1 - metabolism Tumor Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - secretion Vasodilator agents. Cerebral vasodilators |
Title | Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by long-chain saturated fatty acids in human macrophages |
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