Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by long-chain saturated fatty acids in human macrophages

Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturat...

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Published inAtherosclerosis Vol. 202; no. 2; pp. 382 - 393
Main Authors Håversen, Liliana, Danielsson, Kristina Norén, Fogelstrand, Linda, Wiklund, Olov
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Amsterdam Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.02.2009
Elsevier
Subjects
RNA
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0021-9150
1879-1484
1879-1484
DOI10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.033

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Abstract Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1β secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C 2-ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-α or IL-1β secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages via pathways involving de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes.
AbstractList Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-1 beta, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1 beta secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C(2)-ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages via pathways involving de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes.
Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1β secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C 2-ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-α or IL-1β secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages via pathways involving de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes.
Abstract Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1β secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C2 -ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-α or IL-1β secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages via pathways involving de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes.
Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-1 beta, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1 beta secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C(2)-ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages via pathways involving de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes.Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitate, stearate, myristate and laurate, and the unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 cells, a model of human macrophages. Palmitate induced secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-1 beta, and enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1 beta secretion. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also induced by stearate, but not by the shorter chain SFA, myristate and laurate, or linoleate. Triacsin C abolished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion, suggesting that palmitate activation to palmitoyl-CoA is required for its effect. Palmitate-induced cytokine secretion was decreased by knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase and mimicked by C(2)-ceramide, indicating that ceramide is involved in palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate phosphorylated p38 and JNK kinases, and blocking of these kinases with specific inhibitors diminished the palmitate-induced cytokine secretion. Palmitate also activated the AP-1 (c-Jun) transcription factor. Knockdown of MyD88 reduced the palmitate-induced IL-8, but not TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the long-chain SFA induce proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages via pathways involving de novo ceramide synthesis. This might contribute to the activation of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in type 2 diabetes.
Author Fogelstrand, Linda
Wiklund, Olov
Danielsson, Kristina Norén
Håversen, Liliana
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Liliana
  surname: Håversen
  fullname: Håversen, Liliana
  email: liliana.haversen@wlab.gu.se
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  givenname: Kristina Norén
  surname: Danielsson
  fullname: Danielsson, Kristina Norén
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Linda
  surname: Fogelstrand
  fullname: Fogelstrand, Linda
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Olov
  surname: Wiklund
  fullname: Wiklund, Olov
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IEDL.DBID .~1
ISSN 0021-9150
1879-1484
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IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Keywords Serine palmitoyltransferase
Palmitate
Atherosclerosis
Stearate
Ceramide
Diabetes
Proinflammatory cytokines
Macrophages
Endocrinopathy
Human
Long chain
Diabetes mellitus
Serine
Cytokine
Sphingolipid
Lipids
Cardiovascular disease
Vascular disease
Saturated fatty acid
Aminoacid
Macrophage
Language English
License https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0
CC BY 4.0
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MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c638t-dbbcda310bea9837e485866c7327963cf48ba9384f66414b83549287a9452d2e3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
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ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
PMID 18599066
PQID 66845315
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 12
ParticipantIDs swepub_primary_oai_gup_ub_gu_se_109060
proquest_miscellaneous_66845315
pubmed_primary_18599066
pascalfrancis_primary_21146440
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2008_05_033
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2008_05_033
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2008_05_033
elsevier_clinicalkeyesjournals_1_s2_0_S0021915008003419
elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2008_05_033
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  year: 2009
  text: 2009-02-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2000
PublicationPlace Amsterdam
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Amsterdam
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PublicationTitle Atherosclerosis
PublicationTitleAlternate Atherosclerosis
PublicationYear 2009
Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Elsevier
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Ireland Ltd
– name: Elsevier
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Snippet Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of...
Abstract Increased circulating free fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes may contribute to activation of macrophages, and thus the development of...
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StartPage 382
SubjectTerms Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research)
Biological and medical sciences
biosynthesis
Blood and lymphatic vessels
Cardiology. Vascular system
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular system
Cell Line
Cell Line, Tumor
Ceramide
Ceramides
Ceramides - biosynthesis
Cytokines
Cytokines - genetics
Cytokines - metabolism
Cytokines - secretion
cytology
Dermatologi och venereologi
Dermatology and Venereal Diseases
Diabetes
drug effects
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids - pharmacology
genetics
Humans
Interleukin-1beta
Interleukin-1beta - genetics
Interleukin-1beta - metabolism
Interleukin-1beta - secretion
Interleukin-8
Interleukin-8 - genetics
Interleukin-8 - metabolism
Interleukin-8 - secretion
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
Lauric Acids
Lauric Acids - pharmacology
Leukemia
Linoleic Acid
Linoleic Acid - pharmacology
Macrophages
Medical sciences
Messenger
metabolism
Microbiology in the Medical Area
Mikrobiologi inom det medicinska området
Monocytes
Monocytes - cytology
Monocytes - drug effects
Monocytes - physiology
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - genetics
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - metabolism
Myristic Acid
Myristic Acid - pharmacology
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
Palmitate
Palmitic Acid
Palmitic Acid - pharmacology
Palmitoyl Coenzyme A
Palmitoyl Coenzyme A - metabolism
pharmacology
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
physiology
Proinflammatory cytokines
RNA
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
RNA, Small Interfering
secretion
Serine palmitoyltransferase
Small Interfering
Stearate
Stearic Acids
Stearic Acids - pharmacology
Transcription Factor AP-1
Transcription Factor AP-1 - metabolism
Tumor
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - secretion
Vasodilator agents. Cerebral vasodilators
Title Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by long-chain saturated fatty acids in human macrophages
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.033
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599066
https://www.proquest.com/docview/66845315
https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/109060
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