GP96 is a GARP chaperone and controls regulatory T cell functions
Molecular chaperones control a multitude of cellular functions via folding chaperone-specific client proteins. CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs play key roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance, which is subject to regulation by multiple molecular switches, including mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor. It is not cl...
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          | Published in | The Journal of clinical investigation Vol. 125; no. 2; pp. 859 - 869 | 
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , | 
| Format | Journal Article | 
| Language | English | 
| Published | 
        United States
          American Society for Clinical Investigation
    
        01.02.2015
     | 
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text | 
| ISSN | 0021-9738 1558-8238 1558-8238  | 
| DOI | 10.1172/JCI79014 | 
Cover
| Abstract | Molecular chaperones control a multitude of cellular functions via folding chaperone-specific client proteins. CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs play key roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance, which is subject to regulation by multiple molecular switches, including mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor. It is not clear whether GP96 (also known as GRP94), which is a master TLR and integrin chaperone, controls Treg function. Using murine genetic models, we demonstrated that GP96 is required for Treg maintenance and function, as loss of GP96 resulted in instability of the Treg lineage and impairment of suppressive functions in vivo. In the absence of GP96, Tregs were unable to maintain FOXP3 expression levels, resulting in systemic accumulation of pathogenic IFN-γ-producing and IL-17-producing T cells. We determined that GP96 serves as an essential chaperone for the cell-surface protein glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), which is a docking receptor for latent membrane-associated TGF-β (mLTGF-β). The loss of both GARP and integrins on GP96-deficient Tregs prevented expression of mLTGF-β and resulted in inefficient production of active TGF-β. Our work demonstrates that GP96 regulates multiple facets of Treg biology, thereby placing Treg stability and immunosuppressive functions strategically under the control of a major stress chaperone. | 
    
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Molecular chaperones control a multitude of cellular functions via folding chaperone-specific client proteins. CD4 super( +)FOXP3 super( +) Tregs play key roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance, which is subject to regulation by multiple molecular switches, including mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor. It is not clear whether GP96 (also known as GRP94), which is a master TLR and integrin chaperone, controls Treg function. Using murine genetic models, we demonstrated that GP96 is required for Treg maintenance and function, as loss of GP96 resulted in instability of the Treg lineage and impairment of suppressive functions in vivo. In the absence of GP96, Tregs were unable to maintain FOXP3 expression levels, resulting in systemic accumulation of pathogenic IFN- gamma -producing and IL-17-producing T cells. We determined that GP96 serves as an essential chaperone for the cell-surface protein glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), which is a docking receptor for latent membrane-associated TGF- beta (mLTGF- beta ). The loss of both GARP and integrins on GP96-deficient Tregs prevented expression of mLTGF- beta and resulted in inefficient production of active TGF- beta . Our work demonstrates that GP96 regulates multiple facets of Treg biology, thereby placing Treg stability and immunosuppressive functions strategically under the control of a major stress chaperone. Molecular chaperones control a multitude of cellular functions via folding chaperone-specific client proteins. CD4^sup +^FOXP3^sup +^ Tregs play key roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance, which is subject to regulation by multiple molecular switches, including mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor. It is not clear whether GP96 (also known as GRP94), which is a master TLR and integrin chaperone, controls Treg function. Using murine genetic models, we demonstrated that GP96 is required for Treg maintenance and function, as loss of GP96 resulted in instability of the Treg lineage and impairment of suppressive functions in vivo. In the absence of GP96, Tregs were unable to maintain FOXP3 expression levels, resulting in systemic accumulation of pathogenic IFN-γ-producing and IL-17-producing T cells. We determined that GP96 serves as an essential chaperone for the cell-surface protein glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), which is a docking receptor for latent membrane-associated TGF-β (mLTGF-β). The loss of both GARP and integrins on GP96-deficient Tregs prevented expression of mLTGF-β and resulted in inefficient production of active TGF-β. Our work demonstrates that GP96 regulates multiple facets of Treg biology, thereby placing Treg stability and immunosuppressive functions strategically under the control of a major stress chaperone. Molecular chaperones control a multitude of cellular functions via folding chaperone-specific client proteins. CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs play key roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance, which is subject to regulation by multiple molecular switches, including mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor. It is not clear whether GP96 (also known as GRP94), which is a master TLR and integrin chaperone, controls Treg function. Using murine genetic models, we demonstrated that GP96 is required for Treg maintenance and function, as loss of GP96 resulted in instability of the Treg lineage and impairment of suppressive functions in vivo. In the absence of GP96, Tregs were unable to maintain FOXP3 expression levels, resulting in systemic accumulation of pathogenic IFN-γ-producing and IL-17-producing T cells. We determined that GP96 serves as an essential chaperone for the cell-surface protein glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), which is a docking receptor for latent membrane-associated TGF-β (mLTGF-β). The loss of both GARP and integrins on GP96-deficient Tregs prevented expression of mLTGF-β and resulted in inefficient production of active TGF-β. Our work demonstrates that GP96 regulates multiple facets of Treg biology, thereby placing Treg stability and immunosuppressive functions strategically under the control of a major stress chaperone.Molecular chaperones control a multitude of cellular functions via folding chaperone-specific client proteins. CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs play key roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance, which is subject to regulation by multiple molecular switches, including mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor. It is not clear whether GP96 (also known as GRP94), which is a master TLR and integrin chaperone, controls Treg function. Using murine genetic models, we demonstrated that GP96 is required for Treg maintenance and function, as loss of GP96 resulted in instability of the Treg lineage and impairment of suppressive functions in vivo. In the absence of GP96, Tregs were unable to maintain FOXP3 expression levels, resulting in systemic accumulation of pathogenic IFN-γ-producing and IL-17-producing T cells. We determined that GP96 serves as an essential chaperone for the cell-surface protein glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), which is a docking receptor for latent membrane-associated TGF-β (mLTGF-β). The loss of both GARP and integrins on GP96-deficient Tregs prevented expression of mLTGF-β and resulted in inefficient production of active TGF-β. Our work demonstrates that GP96 regulates multiple facets of Treg biology, thereby placing Treg stability and immunosuppressive functions strategically under the control of a major stress chaperone. Molecular chaperones control a multitude of cellular functions via folding chaperone-specific client proteins. [CD4.sup.+][FOXP.sup.3+] Tregs play key roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance, which is subject to regulation by multiple molecular switches, including mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor. It is not clear whether GP96 (also known as GRP94), which is a master TLR and integrin chaperone, controls Treg function. Using murine genetic models, we demonstrated that GP96 is required for Treg maintenance and function, as loss of GP96 resulted in instability of the Treg lineage and impairment of suppressive functions in vivo. In the absence of GP96, Tregs were unable to maintain FOXP3 expression levels, resulting in systemic accumulation of pathogenic IFN-γ-producing and IL-17-producing T cells. We determined that GP96 serves as an essential chaperone for the cell-surface protein glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), which is a docking receptor for latent membrane-associated TGF-β (mLTGF-β). The loss of both GARP and integrins on GP96-deficient Tregs prevented expression of mLTGF-β and resulted in inefficient production of active TGF-β. Our work demonstrates that GP96 regulates multiple facets of Treg biology, thereby placing Treg stability and immunosuppressive functions strategically under the control of a major stress chaperone. Molecular chaperones control a multitude of cellular functions via folding chaperone-specific client proteins. CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs play key roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance, which is subject to regulation by multiple molecular switches, including mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor. It is not clear whether GP96 (also known as GRP94), which is a master TLR and integrin chaperone, controls Treg function. Using murine genetic models, we demonstrated that GP96 is required for Treg maintenance and function, as loss of GP96 resulted in instability of the Treg lineage and impairment of suppressive functions in vivo. In the absence of GP96, Tregs were unable to maintain FOXP3 expression levels, resulting in systemic accumulation of pathogenic IFN-γ-producing and IL-17-producing T cells. We determined that GP96 serves as an essential chaperone for the cell-surface protein glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), which is a docking receptor for latent membrane-associated TGF-β (mLTGF-β). The loss of both GARP and integrins on GP96-deficient Tregs prevented expression of mLTGF-β and resulted in inefficient production of active TGF-β. Our work demonstrates that GP96 regulates multiple facets of Treg biology, thereby placing Treg stability and immunosuppressive functions strategically under the control of a major stress chaperone.  | 
    
| Audience | Academic | 
    
| Author | Wu, Bill X. Metelli, Alessandra Liu, Bei Sun, Shaoli Ansa-Addo, Ephraim Zhang, Yongliang Vasu, Chenthamarakshan Thaxton, Jessica E. Hong, Feng Rachidi, Saleh Yang, Yi Li, Zihai  | 
    
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, and 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA  | 
    
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA – name: 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, and  | 
    
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yongliang surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yongliang – sequence: 2 givenname: Bill X. surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Bill X. – sequence: 3 givenname: Alessandra surname: Metelli fullname: Metelli, Alessandra – sequence: 4 givenname: Jessica E. surname: Thaxton fullname: Thaxton, Jessica E. – sequence: 5 givenname: Feng surname: Hong fullname: Hong, Feng – sequence: 6 givenname: Saleh surname: Rachidi fullname: Rachidi, Saleh – sequence: 7 givenname: Ephraim surname: Ansa-Addo fullname: Ansa-Addo, Ephraim – sequence: 8 givenname: Shaoli surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Shaoli – sequence: 9 givenname: Chenthamarakshan surname: Vasu fullname: Vasu, Chenthamarakshan – sequence: 10 givenname: Yi surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Yi – sequence: 11 givenname: Bei surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Bei – sequence: 12 givenname: Zihai surname: Li fullname: Li, Zihai  | 
    
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607841$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed | 
    
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| Title | GP96 is a GARP chaperone and controls regulatory T cell functions | 
    
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