Gender differences in work attendance among health care workers in Northern Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the overwork of health care workers (HCWs) and greater household burdens for women. This study examines gender differences in HCWs' work attendance under COVID-19 and household burdens as a potential mediator of the gender difference in Northern Nigeria. Fr...
Saved in:
| Published in | EClinicalMedicine Vol. 52; p. 101605 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.10.2022
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2589-5370 2589-5370 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605 |
Cover
| Abstract | The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the overwork of health care workers (HCWs) and greater household burdens for women. This study examines gender differences in HCWs' work attendance under COVID-19 and household burdens as a potential mediator of the gender difference in Northern Nigeria.
From April to May 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey on work and household burdens with a convenience sample of male and female HCWs (N=334) across 16 facilities in the Gombe, Katsina, and Zamfara states in Northern Nigeria. We used a series of multilevel modified Poisson regression models to examine the associations between gender and HCW work attendance. We also tested the mediation effect of household burdens on this observed association.
Only 2·10% of HCWs reported <5 days of work in a typical week; 35·33% worked 6-7 days a week (i.e., HCW overwork). Males were more likely than females to report HCW overwork (46·33% vs. 22·93%), and females were more likely than males to report an increase in household burden (59·24% vs. 40·68%). Adjusted regression models found that men were more likely than women to report HCW overwork (ARR: 1·76, 95% CI: 1·17-2·66). Increased household burdens mediated 9 percent of the total effect between gender and HCW work attendance.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Nigeria made female HCWs contend with the dual burdens of formal and informal care work. This contributes to lower attendance among female HCWs and overwork for their male counterparts.
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant Numbers: OPP1163682 & INV018007. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the overwork of health care workers (HCWs) and greater household burdens for women. This study examines gender differences in HCWs' work attendance under COVID-19 and household burdens as a potential mediator of the gender difference in Northern Nigeria.
From April to May 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey on work and household burdens with a convenience sample of male and female HCWs (N=334) across 16 facilities in the Gombe, Katsina, and Zamfara states in Northern Nigeria. We used a series of multilevel modified Poisson regression models to examine the associations between gender and HCW work attendance. We also tested the mediation effect of household burdens on this observed association.
Only 2·10% of HCWs reported <5 days of work in a typical week; 35·33% worked 6-7 days a week (i.e., HCW overwork). Males were more likely than females to report HCW overwork (46·33% vs. 22·93%), and females were more likely than males to report an increase in household burden (59·24% vs. 40·68%). Adjusted regression models found that men were more likely than women to report HCW overwork (ARR: 1·76, 95% CI: 1·17-2·66). Increased household burdens mediated 9 percent of the total effect between gender and HCW work attendance.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Nigeria made female HCWs contend with the dual burdens of formal and informal care work. This contributes to lower attendance among female HCWs and overwork for their male counterparts.
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant Numbers: OPP1163682 & INV018007. SummaryBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the overwork of health care workers (HCWs) and greater household burdens for women. This study examines gender differences in HCWs' work attendance under COVID-19 and household burdens as a potential mediator of the gender difference in Northern Nigeria. MethodsFrom April to May 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey on work and household burdens with a convenience sample of male and female HCWs ( N=334) across 16 facilities in the Gombe, Katsina, and Zamfara states in Northern Nigeria. We used a series of multilevel modified Poisson regression models to examine the associations between gender and HCW work attendance. We also tested the mediation effect of household burdens on this observed association. FindingsOnly 2·10% of HCWs reported <5 days of work in a typical week; 35·33% worked 6-7 days a week (i.e., HCW overwork). Males were more likely than females to report HCW overwork (46·33% vs. 22·93%), and females were more likely than males to report an increase in household burden (59·24% vs. 40·68%). Adjusted regression models found that men were more likely than women to report HCW overwork (ARR: 1·76, 95% CI: 1·17-2·66). Increased household burdens mediated 9 percent of the total effect between gender and HCW work attendance. InterpretationThe COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Nigeria made female HCWs contend with the dual burdens of formal and informal care work. This contributes to lower attendance among female HCWs and overwork for their male counterparts. FundingBill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant Numbers: OPP1163682 & INV018007. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the overwork of health care workers (HCWs) and greater household burdens for women. This study examines gender differences in HCWs' work attendance under COVID-19 and household burdens as a potential mediator of the gender difference in Northern Nigeria. From April to May 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey on work and household burdens with a convenience sample of male and female HCWs ( =334) across 16 facilities in the Gombe, Katsina, and Zamfara states in Northern Nigeria. We used a series of multilevel modified Poisson regression models to examine the associations between gender and HCW work attendance. We also tested the mediation effect of household burdens on this observed association. Only 2·10% of HCWs reported <5 days of work in a typical week; 35·33% worked 6-7 days a week (i.e., HCW overwork). Males were more likely than females to report HCW overwork (46·33% vs. 22·93%), and females were more likely than males to report an increase in household burden (59·24% vs. 40·68%). Adjusted regression models found that men were more likely than women to report HCW overwork (ARR: 1·76, 95% CI: 1·17-2·66). Increased household burdens mediated 9 percent of the total effect between gender and HCW work attendance. The COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Nigeria made female HCWs contend with the dual burdens of formal and informal care work. This contributes to lower attendance among female HCWs and overwork for their male counterparts. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant Numbers: OPP1163682 & INV018007. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the overwork of health care workers (HCWs) and greater household burdens for women. This study examines gender differences in HCWs' work attendance under COVID-19 and household burdens as a potential mediator of the gender difference in Northern Nigeria. Methods: From April to May 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey on work and household burdens with a convenience sample of male and female HCWs (N=334) across 16 facilities in the Gombe, Katsina, and Zamfara states in Northern Nigeria. We used a series of multilevel modified Poisson regression models to examine the associations between gender and HCW work attendance. We also tested the mediation effect of household burdens on this observed association. Findings: Only 2·10% of HCWs reported <5 days of work in a typical week; 35·33% worked 6-7 days a week (i.e., HCW overwork). Males were more likely than females to report HCW overwork (46·33% vs. 22·93%), and females were more likely than males to report an increase in household burden (59·24% vs. 40·68%). Adjusted regression models found that men were more likely than women to report HCW overwork (ARR: 1·76, 95% CI: 1·17-2·66). Increased household burdens mediated 9 percent of the total effect between gender and HCW work attendance. Interpretation: The COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Nigeria made female HCWs contend with the dual burdens of formal and informal care work. This contributes to lower attendance among female HCWs and overwork for their male counterparts. Funding: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant Numbers: OPP1163682 & INV018007. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the overwork of health care workers (HCWs) and greater household burdens for women. This study examines gender differences in HCWs' work attendance under COVID-19 and household burdens as a potential mediator of the gender difference in Northern Nigeria.BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the overwork of health care workers (HCWs) and greater household burdens for women. This study examines gender differences in HCWs' work attendance under COVID-19 and household burdens as a potential mediator of the gender difference in Northern Nigeria.From April to May 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey on work and household burdens with a convenience sample of male and female HCWs (N=334) across 16 facilities in the Gombe, Katsina, and Zamfara states in Northern Nigeria. We used a series of multilevel modified Poisson regression models to examine the associations between gender and HCW work attendance. We also tested the mediation effect of household burdens on this observed association.MethodsFrom April to May 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey on work and household burdens with a convenience sample of male and female HCWs (N=334) across 16 facilities in the Gombe, Katsina, and Zamfara states in Northern Nigeria. We used a series of multilevel modified Poisson regression models to examine the associations between gender and HCW work attendance. We also tested the mediation effect of household burdens on this observed association.Only 2·10% of HCWs reported <5 days of work in a typical week; 35·33% worked 6-7 days a week (i.e., HCW overwork). Males were more likely than females to report HCW overwork (46·33% vs. 22·93%), and females were more likely than males to report an increase in household burden (59·24% vs. 40·68%). Adjusted regression models found that men were more likely than women to report HCW overwork (ARR: 1·76, 95% CI: 1·17-2·66). Increased household burdens mediated 9 percent of the total effect between gender and HCW work attendance.FindingsOnly 2·10% of HCWs reported <5 days of work in a typical week; 35·33% worked 6-7 days a week (i.e., HCW overwork). Males were more likely than females to report HCW overwork (46·33% vs. 22·93%), and females were more likely than males to report an increase in household burden (59·24% vs. 40·68%). Adjusted regression models found that men were more likely than women to report HCW overwork (ARR: 1·76, 95% CI: 1·17-2·66). Increased household burdens mediated 9 percent of the total effect between gender and HCW work attendance.The COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Nigeria made female HCWs contend with the dual burdens of formal and informal care work. This contributes to lower attendance among female HCWs and overwork for their male counterparts.InterpretationThe COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Nigeria made female HCWs contend with the dual burdens of formal and informal care work. This contributes to lower attendance among female HCWs and overwork for their male counterparts.Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant Numbers: OPP1163682 & INV018007.FundingBill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant Numbers: OPP1163682 & INV018007. |
| ArticleNumber | 101605 |
| Author | Ekeh, Ferdinard Dey, Arnab K. Taiwo, Modupe Oyekenu, Oluwatoyin Raj, Anita |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Modupe surname: Taiwo fullname: Taiwo, Modupe email: modupe.taiwo@savethechildren.org organization: Save the Children, Sierra Leone – sequence: 2 givenname: Oluwatoyin surname: Oyekenu fullname: Oyekenu, Oluwatoyin organization: Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Nigeria – sequence: 3 givenname: Ferdinard surname: Ekeh fullname: Ekeh, Ferdinard organization: Palladium, Nigeria – sequence: 4 givenname: Arnab K. surname: Dey fullname: Dey, Arnab K. organization: Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Anita surname: Raj fullname: Raj, Anita organization: Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35936022$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqVkltv1DAQhSNUREvpP0Aoj7xk8SVOYoSQ0AJlpYo-cHm1JvZ419sk3trZov57nN0tapFQxZNH4zPf8eU8z44GP2CWvaRkRgmt3qxnqDs39DNGGNu1iHiSnTDRyELwmhzdq4-zsxjXhBBGykZW5Fl2zIXkVZo8yTbnOBgMuXHWYsBBY8zdkP_y4SqHcUybkHo59H5Y5iuEblzlGgLuFBh24q8-jCsMqXBLDA5ysw0uyVMzn1_-XHwsqMw3kHx6p19kTy10Ec8O62n24_On7_MvxcXl-WL-4aLQFa_HohKC1W1jKbOES8sQ0IhaWiq01QRI1bTGVpBKbSUxUBKgxFDScMuo1ZSfZos913hYq01wPYRb5cGpXcOHpYIwOt2hEo1teCtr5ARKqLA1oJlpS6gNrY1pE-v9nrXZtj0ajcMYoHsAfbgzuJVa-hsleVkzLhLg9QEQ_PUW46h6FzV2HQzot1GxSkopmlJO53513-uPyd2XJcHbvUAHH2NAq7QbYXR-snadokRNeVBrtY-ImiKi9hFJw-Vfw3f8R8YOD4Dpx24cBhW1m8JiXEA9pid1_wuYNE5Dd4W3GNd-G4aUBkVVZIqob1N4p-wyRgjnYrr1u38DHvf_DccTAfk |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eclinm_2022_101748 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0288574 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12913_024_11343_y |
| Cites_doi | 10.1097/MD.0000000000013889 10.1080/13548506.2020.1865548 10.1093/aje/kwh090 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103610 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100808 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100052 10.3389/fsoc.2021.650729 10.1515/ijb-2017-0006 10.18192/potentia.v11i0.4662 10.4236/ojn.2022.123014 10.1186/s12245-020-00299-5 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa262 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003097 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.022 10.1200/GO.21.00020 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114593 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100580 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 10.5539/ijps.v14n1p21 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.030 10.1186/s41256-019-0125-z 10.1111/gwao.12506 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2022 The Authors The Authors 2022 The Authors. 2022 The Authors 2022 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2022 The Authors – notice: The Authors – notice: 2022 The Authors. – notice: 2022 The Authors 2022 |
| DBID | 6I. AAFTH AAYXX CITATION NPM 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605 |
| DatabaseName | ScienceDirect Open Access Titles Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 2589-5370 |
| EndPage | 101605 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_58f83b97e30a4a6ebdac2db4a7d17ddb PMC9347235 35936022 10_1016_j_eclinm_2022_101605 S2589537022003352 1_s2_0_S2589537022003352 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | .1- .FO 0R~ 53G AAEDW AALRI AAMRU AAXUO AAYWO ABMAC ACLIJ ACVFH ADBBV ADCNI ADVLN AEUPX AEXQZ AFPUW AFRHN AFTJW AIGII AITUG AJUYK AKBMS AKYEP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ AOIJS APXCP BCNDV EBS EJD FDB GROUPED_DOAJ HYE M41 OK1 ROL RPM SSZ Z5R 0SF 6I. AACTN NCXOZ AAFTH AAYXX CITATION NPM 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c637t-65527b8f12f039f2eaed579f15cfc0a068bdf6ac0acf90da40a10d1083f21fc13 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISSN | 2589-5370 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:30:39 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 14:12:33 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 00:17:16 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:34:59 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 01:50:26 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:12:59 EDT 2025 Sun Apr 06 06:54:34 EDT 2025 Tue Feb 25 20:06:18 EST 2025 Tue Aug 26 20:24:04 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Northern nigeria Household burden Gender Health workers COVID -19 |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY license. 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c637t-65527b8f12f039f2eaed579f15cfc0a068bdf6ac0acf90da40a10d1083f21fc13 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/58f83b97e30a4a6ebdac2db4a7d17ddb |
| PMID | 35936022 |
| PQID | 2699958491 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 1 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_58f83b97e30a4a6ebdac2db4a7d17ddb pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9347235 proquest_miscellaneous_2699958491 pubmed_primary_35936022 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_eclinm_2022_101605 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eclinm_2022_101605 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_eclinm_2022_101605 elsevier_clinicalkeyesjournals_1_s2_0_S2589537022003352 elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_eclinm_2022_101605 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2022-10-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-10-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2022 text: 2022-10-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | EClinicalMedicine |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | EClinicalMedicine |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier |
| References | Adisa T, Abdulraheem I. Long working hours and the challenges of work-life balance: the case of Nigerian medical doctors; 2017. VanderWeele (bib0035) 2015 Greenland (bib0030) 1987; 125 Morgan, Baker, Griffith (bib0005) 2021; 6 Baron, Kenny (bib0034) 1986; 51 Okoroafor, Ongom, Mohammed (bib0010) 2021; 43 World Health Organization. Sex distribution of health workers. 2022. Power (bib0042) 2020; 16 Bandyopadhyay, Baticulon, Kadhum (bib0006) 2020; 5 Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC). COVID-19 Nigeria. 2022. Shaukat, Ali, Razzak (bib0044) 2020; 13 Adamu, Moukarim, Fakai (bib0012) 2018; 49 De Paz Nieves, Gaddis, Muller (bib0003) 2021 Owings L. Medical PPE unfit for women on COVID-19 frontlines. 2021. , Accessed 1 March 2022. Wager EK, Amin K, Cox C, Huges-Cromwick P. What impact has the coronavirus pandemic had on health employment? 2021. Accessed 7 March 2022. Olaseni AO, Akinsola OS, Agberotimi SF, Oguntayo R. Psychological distress experiences of Nigerians during Covid-19 pandemic; the gender difference Hastie, Pregibon (bib0032) 2017 Eissler, Heckert, Myers, Seymour, Sinharoy, Yount (bib0041) 2021 Accessed 6 March 2022. Wenham, Fernandez, Corrêa (bib0017) 2021 Kaushik (bib0018) 2021; 35 Dehingia, Shakya, Chandurkar (bib0029) 2020; 4 Zou (bib0031) 2004; 159 Akinyemi, Ogundele, Olutuase, George (bib0038) 2022; 14 Collins, Landivar, Ruppanner, Scarborough (bib0019) 2021; 28 Nevo, Liao, Spiegelman (bib0037) 2017; 13 de Pablo, Vaquerizo-Serrano, Catalan (bib0015) 2020; 275 Rijnhart, Valente, Smyth, MacKinnon (bib0036) 2021 Santarone, McKenney, Elkbuli (bib0002) 2020; 38 Lateef, Mhlongo (bib0039) 2022; 12 Jiwnani, Ranganathan, Tiwari (bib0004) 2021; 7 Ezenwaji, Eseadi, Okide (bib0026) 2019; 98 (bib0043) 2021 Okoroafor, Ngobua, Titus, Opubo (bib0007) 2019; 4 O'Donnell M. Bourgault S, McDougal L, Dehingia N, Cheung WW, Raj A. The impacts of COVID-19 on women's social and economic outcomes: an updated review of the evidence. 2021. Lawal, Alhassan, Mogaji, Odoh, Essien (bib0024) 2022; 27 Etteh, Adoga, Ogbaga (bib0008) 2020; 15 2020. Boniol, McIsaac, Xu, Wuliji, Diallo, Campbell (bib0040) 2019 Janson, Clift, Dhokia (bib0014) 2022; 99 World Health Organization. Health and care worker deaths during COVID-19. 2021. Pindar, Wakil, Coker, Abdul (bib0027) 2015; 3 James, Witten, Hastie, Tibshirani (bib0033) 2013 Conference paper accessed 6 March 2022 Ogbe A. The travails of women and girls in Northern Nigeria: a human rights issue. Available at: SSRN 35991222020. 11 (2020). Schwikowski M. Is COVID-19 driving African health workers toemigrate? 2021. UN Women. Whose time to care? Unpaid care and domestic work during Covid-19. 2020. Mosley (bib0023) 2021; 82 Accessed 13 April 2022. (1), 2020, 100052. Available at Greenland (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0030) 1987; 125 Hastie (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0032) 2017 Santarone (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0002) 2020; 38 Lateef (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0039) 2022; 12 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0013 Kaushik (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0018) 2021; 35 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0011 Morgan (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0005) 2021; 6 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0016 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0020 Pindar (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0027) 2015; 3 Etteh (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0008) 2020; 15 Janson (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0014) 2022; 99 Mosley (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0023) 2021; 82 Okoroafor (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0010) 2021; 43 Boniol (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0040) 2019 Ezenwaji (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0026) 2019; 98 Dehingia (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0029) 2020; 4 Shaukat (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0044) 2020; 13 James (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0033) 2013 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0009 Adamu (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0012) 2018; 49 Bandyopadhyay (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0006) 2020; 5 VanderWeele (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0035) 2015 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0001 Okoroafor (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0007) 2019; 4 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0045 Collins (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0019) 2021; 28 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0022 Jiwnani (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0004) 2021; 7 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0021 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0028 Lawal (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0024) 2022; 27 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0025 Power (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0042) 2020; 16 Baron (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0034) 1986; 51 Eissler (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0041) 2021 Rijnhart (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0036) 2021 Akinyemi (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0038) 2022; 14 Zou (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0031) 2004; 159 Nevo (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0037) 2017; 13 (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0043) 2021 de Pablo (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0015) 2020; 275 Wenham (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0017) 2021 De Paz Nieves (10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0003) 2021 36467454 - EClinicalMedicine. 2022 Nov 29;53:101775. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101775 |
| References_xml | – volume: 15 year: 2020 ident: bib0008 article-title: COVID-19 response in Nigeria: health system preparedness and lessons for future epidemics in Africa publication-title: Ethics, Med Publ Health – volume: 275 start-page: 48 year: 2020 end-page: 57 ident: bib0015 article-title: Impact of coronavirus syndromes on physical and mental health of health care workers: systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: J Affect Disord – reference: Owings L. Medical PPE unfit for women on COVID-19 frontlines. 2021. – year: 2019 ident: bib0040 article-title: Gender Equity in the Health Workforce: Analysis of 104 Countries – volume: 7 start-page: 1093 year: 2021 end-page: 1100 ident: bib0004 article-title: COVID-19 pandemic and its gendered impact on Indian physicians publication-title: JCO Glob Oncol – volume: 12 start-page: 220 year: 2022 end-page: 233 ident: bib0039 article-title: Factors influencing patient-centered care in the primary health care settings: the impact of the pandemic crisis and nurses’ experience publication-title: Open J Nurs – reference: 2020. – volume: 16 start-page: 67 year: 2020 end-page: 73 ident: bib0042 article-title: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the care burden of women and families publication-title: Sustainability – volume: 98 start-page: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 6 ident: bib0026 article-title: Work-related stress, burnout, and related sociodemographic factors among nurses: Implications for administrators, research, and policy publication-title: Medicine – volume: 4 start-page: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 8 ident: bib0007 article-title: Applying the workload indicators of staffing needs method in determining frontline health workforce staffing for primary level facilities in Rivers state Nigeria publication-title: Glob Health Res Policy – volume: 125 start-page: 761 year: 1987 end-page: 768 ident: bib0030 article-title: Interpretation and choice of effect measures in epidemiologic analyses publication-title: Am J Epidemiol – reference: Wager EK, Amin K, Cox C, Huges-Cromwick P. What impact has the coronavirus pandemic had on health employment? 2021. – year: 2021 ident: bib0043 article-title: Building Forward Fairer: Women’s Rights to Work and at Work at the Core of the COVID-19 Recovery – volume: 13 start-page: 1 year: 2017 end-page: 18 ident: bib0037 article-title: Estimation and inference for the mediation proportion publication-title: Int J Biostatistics – volume: 51 start-page: 1173 year: 1986 ident: bib0034 article-title: The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations publication-title: J Person Soc Psychol – reference: . Accessed 7 March 2022. – year: 2015 ident: bib0035 article-title: Explanation in Causal Inference: Methods for Mediation and Interaction – year: 2013 ident: bib0033 article-title: An Introduction to Statistical Learning – volume: 13 start-page: 40 year: 2020 ident: bib0044 article-title: Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review publication-title: Int J Emerg Med – reference: . Accessed 6 March 2022. – reference: (1), 2020, 100052. Available at – volume: 6 start-page: 126 year: 2021 ident: bib0005 article-title: Beyond a zero-sum game: how does the impact of COVID-19 vary by gender? publication-title: Front Sociol – volume: 5 start-page: 1 year: 2020 end-page: 11 ident: bib0006 article-title: Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review publication-title: BMJ Glob Health – volume: 14 start-page: 21 year: 2022 ident: bib0038 article-title: The influence of organizational factors on registered nurses’ work attitudes in Nigeria publication-title: Int J Psychol Stud – reference: World Health Organization. Sex distribution of health workers. 2022. – volume: 4 year: 2020 ident: bib0029 article-title: Family support and community respect for community health workers and the association of these with CHW productivity and clinic health care utilization publication-title: J Glob Health Rep – reference: O'Donnell M. Bourgault S, McDougal L, Dehingia N, Cheung WW, Raj A. The impacts of COVID-19 on women's social and economic outcomes: an updated review of the evidence. 2021. – reference: UN Women. Whose time to care? Unpaid care and domestic work during Covid-19. 2020. – start-page: 1 year: 2021 end-page: 24 ident: bib0017 article-title: Gender and Race on the frontline: experiences of health workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic publication-title: Soc Polit – reference: , – year: 2021 ident: bib0041 article-title: Exploring Gendered Experiences of Time-Use Agency in Benin, Malawi, and Nigeria as a New Concept to Measure Women’s Empowerment – reference: . Accessed 1 March 2022. – reference: . Accessed 13 April 2022. – volume: 38 start-page: 1530 year: 2020 ident: bib0002 article-title: Preserving mental health and resilience in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 publication-title: Am J Emerg Med – volume: 99 year: 2022 ident: bib0014 article-title: PPE fit of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic publication-title: Appl Ergon – volume: 35 start-page: 1 year: 2021 ident: bib0018 article-title: COVID-19 and health care workers burnout: a call for global action publication-title: EClinicalMedicine – volume: 49 start-page: 95 year: 2018 end-page: 108 ident: bib0012 article-title: Gendered dimensions of accountability to address health workforce shortages in Northern Nigeria publication-title: IDS Bull – reference: . Conference paper accessed 6 March 2022 – volume: 159 start-page: 702 year: 2004 end-page: 706 ident: bib0031 article-title: A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data publication-title: Am J Epidemiol – start-page: 1 year: 2021 end-page: 11 ident: bib0036 article-title: Statistical mediation analysis for models with a binary mediator and a binary outcome: the differences between causal and traditional mediation analysis publication-title: Prev Sci – year: 2021 ident: bib0003 article-title: Gender and COVID-19 – reference: Olaseni AO, Akinsola OS, Agberotimi SF, Oguntayo R. Psychological distress experiences of Nigerians during Covid-19 pandemic; the gender difference, – reference: Ogbe A. The travails of women and girls in Northern Nigeria: a human rights issue. Available at: SSRN 35991222020. 11 (2020). – volume: 43 start-page: i12 year: 2021 end-page: i19 ident: bib0010 article-title: Perspectives of policymakers and health care managers on the retention of health workers in rural and remote settings in Nigeria publication-title: J Public Health – reference: Schwikowski M. Is COVID-19 driving African health workers toemigrate? 2021. – reference: Adisa T, Abdulraheem I. Long working hours and the challenges of work-life balance: the case of Nigerian medical doctors; 2017. – volume: 3 start-page: 21 year: 2015 end-page: 30 ident: bib0027 article-title: Depression amongst healthcare workers in Maiduguri, north-eastern Nigeria publication-title: Res J Health Sci – reference: Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC). COVID-19 Nigeria. 2022. – reference: World Health Organization. Health and care worker deaths during COVID-19. 2021. – volume: 28 start-page: 101 year: 2021 end-page: 112 ident: bib0019 article-title: COVID-19 and the gender gap in work hours publication-title: Gender, Work Organ – volume: 82 start-page: 99 year: 2021 end-page: 142 ident: bib0023 publication-title: The importance of being earners: modelling the implications of changes to welfare contributions on macroeconomic recovery – start-page: 195 year: 2017 end-page: 247 ident: bib0032 publication-title: Generalized linear models in Statistical models in S – volume: 27 start-page: 1 year: 2022 end-page: 12 ident: bib0024 article-title: Differential effect of gender, marital status, religion, ethnicity, education and employment status on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria publication-title: Psychol, Health Med – volume: 98 start-page: 1 issue: 3 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0026 article-title: Work-related stress, burnout, and related sociodemographic factors among nurses: Implications for administrators, research, and policy publication-title: Medicine doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000013889 – start-page: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0017 article-title: Gender and Race on the frontline: experiences of health workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic publication-title: Soc Polit – volume: 27 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0024 article-title: Differential effect of gender, marital status, religion, ethnicity, education and employment status on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria publication-title: Psychol, Health Med doi: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1865548 – volume: 159 start-page: 702 issue: 7 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0031 article-title: A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data publication-title: Am J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh090 – volume: 99 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0014 article-title: PPE fit of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic publication-title: Appl Ergon doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103610 – ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0021 – volume: 35 start-page: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0018 article-title: COVID-19 and health care workers burnout: a call for global action publication-title: EClinicalMedicine doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100808 – ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0025 doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100052 – volume: 6 start-page: 126 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0005 article-title: Beyond a zero-sum game: how does the impact of COVID-19 vary by gender? publication-title: Front Sociol doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.650729 – volume: 16 start-page: 67 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0042 article-title: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the care burden of women and families publication-title: Sustainability – volume: 13 start-page: 1 issue: 2 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0037 article-title: Estimation and inference for the mediation proportion publication-title: Int J Biostatistics doi: 10.1515/ijb-2017-0006 – year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0035 – ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0028 doi: 10.18192/potentia.v11i0.4662 – volume: 12 start-page: 220 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0039 article-title: Factors influencing patient-centered care in the primary health care settings: the impact of the pandemic crisis and nurses’ experience publication-title: Open J Nurs doi: 10.4236/ojn.2022.123014 – volume: 13 start-page: 40 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0044 article-title: Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review publication-title: Int J Emerg Med doi: 10.1186/s12245-020-00299-5 – start-page: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0036 article-title: Statistical mediation analysis for models with a binary mediator and a binary outcome: the differences between causal and traditional mediation analysis publication-title: Prev Sci – volume: 43 start-page: i12 issue: suppl_1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0010 article-title: Perspectives of policymakers and health care managers on the retention of health workers in rural and remote settings in Nigeria publication-title: J Public Health doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa262 – volume: 82 start-page: 99 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0023 – volume: 5 start-page: 1 issue: 12 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0006 article-title: Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review publication-title: BMJ Glob Health doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003097 – ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0016 – volume: 275 start-page: 48 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0015 article-title: Impact of coronavirus syndromes on physical and mental health of health care workers: systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: J Affect Disord doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.022 – volume: 7 start-page: 1093 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0004 article-title: COVID-19 pandemic and its gendered impact on Indian physicians publication-title: JCO Glob Oncol doi: 10.1200/GO.21.00020 – volume: 125 start-page: 761 issue: 5 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0030 article-title: Interpretation and choice of effect measures in epidemiologic analyses publication-title: Am J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114593 – volume: 15 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0008 article-title: COVID-19 response in Nigeria: health system preparedness and lessons for future epidemics in Africa publication-title: Ethics, Med Publ Health doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100580 – volume: 3 start-page: 21 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0027 article-title: Depression amongst healthcare workers in Maiduguri, north-eastern Nigeria publication-title: Res J Health Sci – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0043 – ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0045 – ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0001 – volume: 49 start-page: 95 issue: 2 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0012 article-title: Gendered dimensions of accountability to address health workforce shortages in Northern Nigeria publication-title: IDS Bull – ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0022 – start-page: 195 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0032 – volume: 51 start-page: 1173 issue: 6 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0034 article-title: The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations publication-title: J Person Soc Psychol doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 – ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0020 – volume: 14 start-page: 21 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0038 article-title: The influence of organizational factors on registered nurses’ work attitudes in Nigeria publication-title: Int J Psychol Stud doi: 10.5539/ijps.v14n1p21 – volume: 38 start-page: 1530 issue: 7 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0002 article-title: Preserving mental health and resilience in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 publication-title: Am J Emerg Med doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.030 – ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0011 – volume: 4 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0029 article-title: Family support and community respect for community health workers and the association of these with CHW productivity and clinic health care utilization publication-title: J Glob Health Rep – year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0033 – ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0009 – volume: 4 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0007 article-title: Applying the workload indicators of staffing needs method in determining frontline health workforce staffing for primary level facilities in Rivers state Nigeria publication-title: Glob Health Res Policy doi: 10.1186/s41256-019-0125-z – volume: 28 start-page: 101 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0019 article-title: COVID-19 and the gender gap in work hours publication-title: Gender, Work Organ doi: 10.1111/gwao.12506 – ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0013 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0040 – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0041 – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605_bib0003 – reference: 36467454 - EClinicalMedicine. 2022 Nov 29;53:101775. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101775 |
| SSID | ssj0002048960 |
| Score | 2.2357023 |
| Snippet | The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the overwork of health care workers (HCWs) and greater household burdens for women. This study examines gender... SummaryBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the overwork of health care workers (HCWs) and greater household burdens for women. This study examines... Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the overwork of health care workers (HCWs) and greater household burdens for women. This study examines... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 101605 |
| SubjectTerms | COVID -19 Gender Health workers Household burden Internal Medicine Northern nigeria |
| Title | Gender differences in work attendance among health care workers in Northern Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| URI | https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S2589537022003352 https://www.clinicalkey.es/playcontent/1-s2.0-S2589537022003352 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101605 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35936022 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2699958491 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9347235 https://doaj.org/article/58f83b97e30a4a6ebdac2db4a7d17ddb |
| Volume | 52 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELZQD4gL4s3ykpG4Rjh-xPYRClVBKhygqDfL8QO2Kumqu_3_zNjJKgtIy4Fb5IxjZWYy_px5EfLK90YG1aVGhs42MkYFdtB3TdYmwaElCOsxd_jkU3d8Kj-eqbNZqy-MCavlgSvjXiuTjeitToJ56bvURx947KXXsdUx9mh9mWWzw9R5ca9JY0uKMFfGNkpoNuXNleCuhHmHmIjOeRnC7nWzfamU79_Znv6En79HUc62paM75PaIJ-mb-h53yY003CM3T0aP-X2yqr3i6NQIBcwCXQ4Uw7EoltaEEzmM0dJziNakSIrRYIUCoCESF99OuoKL5XdUWFpzGykM0sPP3z68a1pLV_g3-ucyPCCnR--_Hh43Y5eFJnRCb5oOa7D1Jrc8M2EzTz5FpW1uVciBedaZPubOw2XIlkUvmW9ZbAG6Zd7m0IqH5GC4HNJjQo2RQBuDDjpLgT5HhCeMRaZyCiYviJh47MJYghw7YVy4Kdbs3FXJOJSMq5JZkGY7a1VLcOyhf4vi29JiAe0yAGrlRrVy-9RqQdQkfDflqIJVhQct9yyu_zYvrUfTsHatW3PH3BdUTNRLjuGBAIPnM0f0U1HNP6z5ctJOB8YBPT5-SJfXa8c7wP8AMW27II-qtm7ZIrCXIzwE1t3R4x2-7d4Zlj9KAXIrpOZCPfkfjH5KbuGr1PjIZ-Rgc3WdngPO2_Qvyif9CzZUUjM |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gender+differences+in+work+attendance+among+health+care+workers+in+Northern+Nigeria+during+the+COVID-19+pandemic&rft.jtitle=EClinicalMedicine&rft.au=Taiwo%2C+Modupe&rft.au=Oyekenu%2C+Oluwatoyin&rft.au=Ekeh%2C+Ferdinard&rft.au=Dey%2C+Arnab+K&rft.date=2022-10-01&rft.eissn=2589-5370&rft.volume=52&rft.spage=101605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.eclinm.2022.101605&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35936022&rft.externalDocID=35936022 |
| thumbnail_m | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/custom?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.clinicalkey.com%2Fck-thumbnails%2F25895370%2Fcov200h.gif |