International survey on willingness-to-pay (WTP) for one additional QALY gained: what is the threshold of cost effectiveness?

Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be £20 000–£30 000 in the UK, and $50 000–$100 000 in the US, it is well known that these values are unjustified, due to lack of explicit scientific evidence. We measured willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for one additional q...

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Published inHealth economics Vol. 19; no. 4; pp. 422 - 437
Main Authors Shiroiwa, Takeru, Sung, Yoon-Kyoung, Fukuda, Takashi, Lang, Hui-Chu, Bae, Sang-Cheol, Tsutani, Kiichiro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.04.2010
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley Periodicals Inc
SeriesHealth Economics
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1057-9230
1099-1050
1099-1050
DOI10.1002/hec.1481

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Abstract Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be £20 000–£30 000 in the UK, and $50 000–$100 000 in the US, it is well known that these values are unjustified, due to lack of explicit scientific evidence. We measured willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for one additional quality‐adjusted life‐year gained to determine the threshold of the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio. Our study used the Internet to compare WTP for the additional year of survival in a perfect status of health in Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), Taiwan, Australia, the UK, and the US. The research utilized a double‐bound dichotomous choice, and analysis by the nonparametric Turnbull method. WTP values were JPY 5 million (Japan), KWN 68 million (ROK), NT$ 2.1 million (Taiwan), £23 000 (UK), AU$ 64 000 (Australia), and US$ 62 000 (US). The discount rates of outcome were estimated at 6.8% (Japan), 3.7% (ROK), 1.6% (Taiwan), 2.8% (UK), 1.9% (Australia), and 3.2% (US). Based on the current study, we suggest new classification of cost‐effectiveness plane and methodology for decision making. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AbstractList Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be £20 000–£30 000 in the UK, and $50 000–$100 000 in the US, it is well known that these values are unjustified, due to lack of explicit scientific evidence. We measured willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for one additional quality‐adjusted life‐year gained to determine the threshold of the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio. Our study used the Internet to compare WTP for the additional year of survival in a perfect status of health in Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), Taiwan, Australia, the UK, and the US. The research utilized a double‐bound dichotomous choice, and analysis by the nonparametric Turnbull method. WTP values were JPY 5 million (Japan), KWN 68 million (ROK), NT$ 2.1 million (Taiwan), £23 000 (UK), AU$ 64 000 (Australia), and US$ 62 000 (US). The discount rates of outcome were estimated at 6.8% (Japan), 3.7% (ROK), 1.6% (Taiwan), 2.8% (UK), 1.9% (Australia), and 3.2% (US). Based on the current study, we suggest new classification of cost‐effectiveness plane and methodology for decision making. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be 20 000- 30 000 UK pounds in the UK, and $50 000-$100 000 in the US, it is well known that these values are unjustified, due to lack of explicit scientific evidence. We measured willingness-to-pay (WTP) for one additional quality-adjusted life-year gained to determine the threshold of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Our study used the Internet to compare WTP for the additional year of survival in a perfect status of health in Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), Taiwan, Australia, the UK, and the US. The research utilized a double-bound dichotomous choice, and analysis by the nonparametric Turnbull method. WTP values were JPY 5 million (Japan), KWN 68 million (ROK), NT$ 2.1 million (Taiwan), 23 000 UK pounds (UK), AU$ 64 000 (Australia), and US$ 62 000 (US). The discount rates of outcome were estimated at 6.8% (Japan), 3.7% (ROK), 1.6% (Taiwan), 2.8% (UK), 1.9% (Australia), and 3.2% (US). Based on the current study, we suggest new classification of cost-effectiveness plane and methodology for decision making.Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be 20 000- 30 000 UK pounds in the UK, and $50 000-$100 000 in the US, it is well known that these values are unjustified, due to lack of explicit scientific evidence. We measured willingness-to-pay (WTP) for one additional quality-adjusted life-year gained to determine the threshold of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Our study used the Internet to compare WTP for the additional year of survival in a perfect status of health in Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), Taiwan, Australia, the UK, and the US. The research utilized a double-bound dichotomous choice, and analysis by the nonparametric Turnbull method. WTP values were JPY 5 million (Japan), KWN 68 million (ROK), NT$ 2.1 million (Taiwan), 23 000 UK pounds (UK), AU$ 64 000 (Australia), and US$ 62 000 (US). The discount rates of outcome were estimated at 6.8% (Japan), 3.7% (ROK), 1.6% (Taiwan), 2.8% (UK), 1.9% (Australia), and 3.2% (US). Based on the current study, we suggest new classification of cost-effectiveness plane and methodology for decision making.
Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be L20 000-L30 000 in the UK, and $50 000-$100 000 in the US, it is well known that these values are unjustified, due to lack of explicit scientific evidence. We measured willingness-to-pay (WTP) for one additional quality-adjusted life-year gained to determine the threshold of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Our study used the Internet to compare WTP for the additional year of survival in a perfect status of health in Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), Taiwan, Australia, the UK, and the US. The research utilized a double-bound dichotomous choice, and analysis by the nonparametric Turnbull method. WTP values were JPY 5 million (Japan), KWN 68 million (ROK), NT$ 2.1 million (Taiwan), L23 000 (UK), AU$ 64 000 (Australia), and US$ 62 000 (US). The discount rates of outcome were estimated at 6.8% (Japan), 3.7% (ROK), 1.6% (Taiwan), 2.8% (UK), 1.9% (Australia), and 3.2% (US). Based on the current study, we suggest new classification of cost-effectiveness plane and methodology for decision making. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be (pound sterling)20 000-(pound sterling)30 000 in the UK, and $50 000-$100 000 in the US, it is well known that these values are unjustified, due to lack of explicit scientific evidence. We measured willingness-to-pay (WTP) for one additional quality-adjusted life-year gained to determine the threshold of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Our study used the Internet to compare WTP for the additional year of survival in a perfect status of health in Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), Taiwan, Australia, the UK, and the US. The research utilized a double-bound dichotomous choice, and analysis by the nonparametric Turnbull method. WTP values were JPY 5 million (Japan), KWN 68 million (ROK), NT$ 2.1 million (Taiwan), (pound sterling)23 000 (UK), AU$ 64 000 (Australia), and US$ 62 000 (US). The discount rates of outcome were estimated at 6.8% (Japan), 3.7% (ROK), 1.6% (Taiwan), 2.8% (UK), 1.9% (Australia), and 3.2% (US). Based on the current study, we suggest new classification of cost-effectiveness plane and methodology for decision making. [Copyright John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.]
Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be 20 000- 30 000 UK pounds in the UK, and $50 000-$100 000 in the US, it is well known that these values are unjustified, due to lack of explicit scientific evidence. We measured willingness-to-pay (WTP) for one additional quality-adjusted life-year gained to determine the threshold of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Our study used the Internet to compare WTP for the additional year of survival in a perfect status of health in Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), Taiwan, Australia, the UK, and the US. The research utilized a double-bound dichotomous choice, and analysis by the nonparametric Turnbull method. WTP values were JPY 5 million (Japan), KWN 68 million (ROK), NT$ 2.1 million (Taiwan), 23 000 UK pounds (UK), AU$ 64 000 (Australia), and US$ 62 000 (US). The discount rates of outcome were estimated at 6.8% (Japan), 3.7% (ROK), 1.6% (Taiwan), 2.8% (UK), 1.9% (Australia), and 3.2% (US). Based on the current study, we suggest new classification of cost-effectiveness plane and methodology for decision making.
Author Fukuda, Takashi
Lang, Hui-Chu
Sung, Yoon-Kyoung
Bae, Sang-Cheol
Tsutani, Kiichiro
Shiroiwa, Takeru
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Takeru
  surname: Shiroiwa
  fullname: Shiroiwa, Takeru
  email: t.shiroiwa@gmail.com
  organization: Department of Drug Policy and Management, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yoon-Kyoung
  surname: Sung
  fullname: Sung, Yoon-Kyoung
  organization: Department of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Takashi
  surname: Fukuda
  fullname: Fukuda, Takashi
  organization: Department of Health Economics and Epidemiology Research, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Hui-Chu
  surname: Lang
  fullname: Lang, Hui-Chu
  organization: Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Sang-Cheol
  surname: Bae
  fullname: Bae, Sang-Cheol
  organization: Department of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Kiichiro
  surname: Tsutani
  fullname: Tsutani, Kiichiro
  organization: Department of Drug Policy and Management, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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References_xml – reference: Hirth RA, Chernew ME, Miller E, Fendrick AM, Weissert WG. 2000. Willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year: in search of a standard. Medical Decision Making 20: 332-342.
– reference: Ubel PA, Hirth RA, Chernew ME, Fendrick AM. 2003. What is the price of life and why doesn't it increase at the rate of inflation? Archives of Internal Medicine 163: 1637-1641.
– reference: Basu A, Meltzer D. 2005. Implications of spillover effects within the family for medical cost-effectiveness analysis. Journal of Health Econnomics 24: 751-773.
– reference: King Jr JT, Tsevat J, Lave JR, Roberts MS. 2005. Willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year: implications for societal health care resource allocation. Medical Decision Making 25: 667-677.
– reference: Devlin N, Parkin D. 2004. Does NICE have a cost-effectiveness threshold and what other factors influence its decisions? A binary choice analysis. Health Economics 13: 437-452.
– reference: Laupacis A, Feeny D, Detsky AS, Tugwell PX. 1992. How attractive does a new technology have to be to warrant adoption and utilization? Tentative guidelines for using clinical and economic evaluations. Canadian Medical Association Journal 146: 473-481.
– reference: Siegel JE, Weinstein MC, Russell LB, Gold MR. 1996. Recommendations for reporting cost-effectiveness analyses. Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Journal of American Medical Association 276: 1339-1341.
– reference: George B, Harris A, Mitchell A. 2001. Cost-effectiveness analysis and the consistency of decision making: evidence from pharmaceutical reimbursement in Australia (1991 to 1996). Pharmacoeconomics 19: 1103-1109.
– reference: Claxton K, Briggs A, Buxton MJ, Culyer AJ, McCabe C, Walker S, Sculpher MJ. 2008. Value based pricing for NHS drugs: an opportunity not to be missed? British Medical Journal 336: 251-254.
– reference: Kaplan RM, Bush JW. 1982. Health-related quality of life measurement for evaluation research and policy analysis. Health Psychology 1: 61-80.
– reference: Glick HA, Doshi J, Sonnad S, Polsky D. 2006. Economic Evaluation in Clinical Trials. Oxford University Press: New York.
– reference: Gyrd-Hansen D. 2003. Willingness to pay for a QALY. Health Econnomics 12: 1049-1060.
– reference: Turnbull BW. 1976. The empirical distribution function from arbitarily grouped, censored and truncated data. Journal of Royal Statistical Society Series B 38: 290-295.
– reference: Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Torrance GW, O'Brien B, Stoddart G. 2005. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes (3rd edn). Oxford University Press: New York.
– volume: 19
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  publication-title: Pharmacoeconomics
– volume: 336
  start-page: 251
  year: 2008
  end-page: 254
  article-title: Value based pricing for NHS drugs: an opportunity not to be missed?
  publication-title: British Medical Journal
– year: 2005
– volume: 38
  start-page: 290
  year: 1976
  end-page: 295
  article-title: The empirical distribution function from arbitarily grouped, censored and truncated data
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– year: 2007
– volume: 163
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  year: 2003
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  article-title: What is the price of life and why doesn't it increase at the rate of inflation?
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– year: 2006
– volume: 20
  start-page: 332
  year: 2000
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  publication-title: Medical Decision Making
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  publication-title: Journal of American Medical Association
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  publication-title: Journal of Health Econnomics
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1049
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  article-title: Willingness to pay for a QALY
  publication-title: Health Econnomics
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  end-page: 452
  article-title: Does NICE have a cost‐effectiveness threshold and what other factors influence its decisions? A binary choice analysis
  publication-title: Health Economics
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– volume: 38
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  year: 1976
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  article-title: The empirical distribution function from arbitarily grouped, censored and truncated data
  publication-title: Journal of Royal Statistical Society Series B
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– ident: e_1_2_1_10_1
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– ident: e_1_2_1_2_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.12.002
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Snippet Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be £20 000–£30 000 in the UK, and $50 000–$100 000 in the US, it is well...
Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be 20 000- 30 000 UK pounds in the UK, and $50 000-$100 000 in the US, it...
Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be £20 000-£30 000 in the UK, and $50 000-$100 000 in the US, it is well...
Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be L20 000-L30 000 in the UK, and $50 000-$100 000 in the US, it is well...
Although the threshold of cost effectiveness of medical interventions is thought to be (pound sterling)20 000-(pound sterling)30 000 in the UK, and $50...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Attitude to Health
Australia
Choice Behavior
Cost analysis
Cost effectiveness
Cost-Benefit Analysis
cost-effectiveness analysis
Decision making
Developed Countries
double-bound dichotomous choice
Female
Financing, Personal
Health Care Costs
Health care expenditures
Health Care Surveys
Health economics
Health status
Humans
International comparisons
Internationality
Japan
Male
Manycountries
Middle Aged
Models, Econometric
QALY
Quality adjusted life years
Quality of life
Scientific evidence
Studies
Surveys and Questionnaires
Taiwan
threshold
Thresholds
Willingness to pay
WTP
Young Adult
Title International survey on willingness-to-pay (WTP) for one additional QALY gained: what is the threshold of cost effectiveness?
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