Metabolic profiling of pregnancy: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence
Background Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood. Methods Detailed molecular profiles (87 metabolic measures and 37 cytokines) were measured for up to 4260 women (24–49 years, 322...
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| Published in | BMC medicine Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 205 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
BioMed Central
13.12.2016
BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1741-7015 1741-7015 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12916-016-0733-0 |
Cover
| Abstract | Background
Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood.
Methods
Detailed molecular profiles (87 metabolic measures and 37 cytokines) were measured for up to 4260 women (24–49 years, 322 pregnant) from three population-based cohorts in Finland. Circulating molecular concentrations in pregnant women were compared to those in non-pregnant women. Metabolic profiles were also reassessed for 583 women 6 years later to uncover the longitudinal metabolic changes in response to change in the pregnancy status.
Results
Compared to non-pregnant women, all lipoprotein subclasses and lipids were markedly increased in pregnant women. The most pronounced differences were observed for the intermediate-density, low-density and high-density lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations. Large differences were also seen for many fatty acids and amino acids. Pregnant women also had higher concentrations of low-grade inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls, higher concentrations of interleukin-18 and lower concentrations of interleukin-12p70. The changes in metabolic concentrations for women who were not pregnant at baseline but pregnant 6 years later (or vice versa) matched (or were mirror-images of) the cross-sectional association pattern. Cross-sectional results were consistent across the three cohorts and similar longitudinal changes were seen for 653 women in 4-year and 497 women in 10-year follow-up. For multiple metabolic measures, the changes increased in magnitude across the three trimesters.
Conclusions
Pregnancy initiates substantial metabolic and inflammatory changes in the mothers. Comprehensive characterisation of normal pregnancy is important for gaining understanding of the key nutrients for fetal growth and development. These findings also provide a valuable molecular reference in relation to studies of adverse pregnancy outcomes. |
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| AbstractList | Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood.
Detailed molecular profiles (87 metabolic measures and 37 cytokines) were measured for up to 4260 women (24-49 years, 322 pregnant) from three population-based cohorts in Finland. Circulating molecular concentrations in pregnant women were compared to those in non-pregnant women. Metabolic profiles were also reassessed for 583 women 6 years later to uncover the longitudinal metabolic changes in response to change in the pregnancy status.
Compared to non-pregnant women, all lipoprotein subclasses and lipids were markedly increased in pregnant women. The most pronounced differences were observed for the intermediate-density, low-density and high-density lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations. Large differences were also seen for many fatty acids and amino acids. Pregnant women also had higher concentrations of low-grade inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls, higher concentrations of interleukin-18 and lower concentrations of interleukin-12p70. The changes in metabolic concentrations for women who were not pregnant at baseline but pregnant 6 years later (or vice versa) matched (or were mirror-images of) the cross-sectional association pattern. Cross-sectional results were consistent across the three cohorts and similar longitudinal changes were seen for 653 women in 4-year and 497 women in 10-year follow-up. For multiple metabolic measures, the changes increased in magnitude across the three trimesters.
Pregnancy initiates substantial metabolic and inflammatory changes in the mothers. Comprehensive characterisation of normal pregnancy is important for gaining understanding of the key nutrients for fetal growth and development. These findings also provide a valuable molecular reference in relation to studies of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood.BACKGROUNDPregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood.Detailed molecular profiles (87 metabolic measures and 37 cytokines) were measured for up to 4260 women (24-49 years, 322 pregnant) from three population-based cohorts in Finland. Circulating molecular concentrations in pregnant women were compared to those in non-pregnant women. Metabolic profiles were also reassessed for 583 women 6 years later to uncover the longitudinal metabolic changes in response to change in the pregnancy status.METHODSDetailed molecular profiles (87 metabolic measures and 37 cytokines) were measured for up to 4260 women (24-49 years, 322 pregnant) from three population-based cohorts in Finland. Circulating molecular concentrations in pregnant women were compared to those in non-pregnant women. Metabolic profiles were also reassessed for 583 women 6 years later to uncover the longitudinal metabolic changes in response to change in the pregnancy status.Compared to non-pregnant women, all lipoprotein subclasses and lipids were markedly increased in pregnant women. The most pronounced differences were observed for the intermediate-density, low-density and high-density lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations. Large differences were also seen for many fatty acids and amino acids. Pregnant women also had higher concentrations of low-grade inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls, higher concentrations of interleukin-18 and lower concentrations of interleukin-12p70. The changes in metabolic concentrations for women who were not pregnant at baseline but pregnant 6 years later (or vice versa) matched (or were mirror-images of) the cross-sectional association pattern. Cross-sectional results were consistent across the three cohorts and similar longitudinal changes were seen for 653 women in 4-year and 497 women in 10-year follow-up. For multiple metabolic measures, the changes increased in magnitude across the three trimesters.RESULTSCompared to non-pregnant women, all lipoprotein subclasses and lipids were markedly increased in pregnant women. The most pronounced differences were observed for the intermediate-density, low-density and high-density lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations. Large differences were also seen for many fatty acids and amino acids. Pregnant women also had higher concentrations of low-grade inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls, higher concentrations of interleukin-18 and lower concentrations of interleukin-12p70. The changes in metabolic concentrations for women who were not pregnant at baseline but pregnant 6 years later (or vice versa) matched (or were mirror-images of) the cross-sectional association pattern. Cross-sectional results were consistent across the three cohorts and similar longitudinal changes were seen for 653 women in 4-year and 497 women in 10-year follow-up. For multiple metabolic measures, the changes increased in magnitude across the three trimesters.Pregnancy initiates substantial metabolic and inflammatory changes in the mothers. Comprehensive characterisation of normal pregnancy is important for gaining understanding of the key nutrients for fetal growth and development. These findings also provide a valuable molecular reference in relation to studies of adverse pregnancy outcomes.CONCLUSIONSPregnancy initiates substantial metabolic and inflammatory changes in the mothers. Comprehensive characterisation of normal pregnancy is important for gaining understanding of the key nutrients for fetal growth and development. These findings also provide a valuable molecular reference in relation to studies of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Background Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood. Methods Detailed molecular profiles (87 metabolic measures and 37 cytokines) were measured for up to 4260 women (24-49 years, 322 pregnant) from three population-based cohorts in Finland. Circulating molecular concentrations in pregnant women were compared to those in non-pregnant women. Metabolic profiles were also reassessed for 583 women 6 years later to uncover the longitudinal metabolic changes in response to change in the pregnancy status. Results Compared to non-pregnant women, all lipoprotein subclasses and lipids were markedly increased in pregnant women. The most pronounced differences were observed for the intermediate-density, low-density and high-density lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations. Large differences were also seen for many fatty acids and amino acids. Pregnant women also had higher concentrations of low-grade inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls, higher concentrations of interleukin-18 and lower concentrations of interleukin-12p70. The changes in metabolic concentrations for women who were not pregnant at baseline but pregnant 6 years later (or vice versa) matched (or were mirror-images of) the cross-sectional association pattern. Cross-sectional results were consistent across the three cohorts and similar longitudinal changes were seen for 653 women in 4-year and 497 women in 10-year follow-up. For multiple metabolic measures, the changes increased in magnitude across the three trimesters. Conclusions Pregnancy initiates substantial metabolic and inflammatory changes in the mothers. Comprehensive characterisation of normal pregnancy is important for gaining understanding of the key nutrients for fetal growth and development. These findings also provide a valuable molecular reference in relation to studies of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Keywords: Pregnancy, Trimesters, Postpartum, Metabolomics, Cytokines, Lipoprotein lipids, Fatty acids, Amino acids, Hormones, Inflammation, Metabolic networks Background Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood. Methods Detailed molecular profiles (87 metabolic measures and 37 cytokines) were measured for up to 4260 women (24-49 years, 322 pregnant) from three population-based cohorts in Finland. Circulating molecular concentrations in pregnant women were compared to those in non-pregnant women. Metabolic profiles were also reassessed for 583 women 6 years later to uncover the longitudinal metabolic changes in response to change in the pregnancy status. Results Compared to non-pregnant women, all lipoprotein subclasses and lipids were markedly increased in pregnant women. The most pronounced differences were observed for the intermediate-density, low-density and high-density lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations. Large differences were also seen for many fatty acids and amino acids. Pregnant women also had higher concentrations of low-grade inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls, higher concentrations of interleukin-18 and lower concentrations of interleukin-12p70. The changes in metabolic concentrations for women who were not pregnant at baseline but pregnant 6 years later (or vice versa) matched (or were mirror-images of) the cross-sectional association pattern. Cross-sectional results were consistent across the three cohorts and similar longitudinal changes were seen for 653 women in 4-year and 497 women in 10-year follow-up. For multiple metabolic measures, the changes increased in magnitude across the three trimesters. Conclusions Pregnancy initiates substantial metabolic and inflammatory changes in the mothers. Comprehensive characterisation of normal pregnancy is important for gaining understanding of the key nutrients for fetal growth and development. These findings also provide a valuable molecular reference in relation to studies of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Background Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood. Methods Detailed molecular profiles (87 metabolic measures and 37 cytokines) were measured for up to 4260 women (24–49 years, 322 pregnant) from three population-based cohorts in Finland. Circulating molecular concentrations in pregnant women were compared to those in non-pregnant women. Metabolic profiles were also reassessed for 583 women 6 years later to uncover the longitudinal metabolic changes in response to change in the pregnancy status. Results Compared to non-pregnant women, all lipoprotein subclasses and lipids were markedly increased in pregnant women. The most pronounced differences were observed for the intermediate-density, low-density and high-density lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations. Large differences were also seen for many fatty acids and amino acids. Pregnant women also had higher concentrations of low-grade inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls, higher concentrations of interleukin-18 and lower concentrations of interleukin-12p70. The changes in metabolic concentrations for women who were not pregnant at baseline but pregnant 6 years later (or vice versa) matched (or were mirror-images of) the cross-sectional association pattern. Cross-sectional results were consistent across the three cohorts and similar longitudinal changes were seen for 653 women in 4-year and 497 women in 10-year follow-up. For multiple metabolic measures, the changes increased in magnitude across the three trimesters. Conclusions Pregnancy initiates substantial metabolic and inflammatory changes in the mothers. Comprehensive characterisation of normal pregnancy is important for gaining understanding of the key nutrients for fetal growth and development. These findings also provide a valuable molecular reference in relation to studies of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood. Detailed molecular profiles (87 metabolic measures and 37 cytokines) were measured for up to 4260 women (24-49 years, 322 pregnant) from three population-based cohorts in Finland. Circulating molecular concentrations in pregnant women were compared to those in non-pregnant women. Metabolic profiles were also reassessed for 583 women 6 years later to uncover the longitudinal metabolic changes in response to change in the pregnancy status. Compared to non-pregnant women, all lipoprotein subclasses and lipids were markedly increased in pregnant women. The most pronounced differences were observed for the intermediate-density, low-density and high-density lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations. Large differences were also seen for many fatty acids and amino acids. Pregnant women also had higher concentrations of low-grade inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls, higher concentrations of interleukin-18 and lower concentrations of interleukin-12p70. The changes in metabolic concentrations for women who were not pregnant at baseline but pregnant 6 years later (or vice versa) matched (or were mirror-images of) the cross-sectional association pattern. Cross-sectional results were consistent across the three cohorts and similar longitudinal changes were seen for 653 women in 4-year and 497 women in 10-year follow-up. For multiple metabolic measures, the changes increased in magnitude across the three trimesters. Pregnancy initiates substantial metabolic and inflammatory changes in the mothers. Comprehensive characterisation of normal pregnancy is important for gaining understanding of the key nutrients for fetal growth and development. These findings also provide a valuable molecular reference in relation to studies of adverse pregnancy outcomes. |
| ArticleNumber | 205 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Ala-Korpela, Mika Viikari, Jorma Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta Kangas, Antti J. Salmi, Marko Kähönen, Mika Soininen, Pasi Jalkanen, Sirpa Mäkinen, Ville-Petteri Tiainen, Mika Würtz, Peter Lawlor, Debbie A. Tynkkynen, Tuulia Santalahti, Kristiina Zeller, Tanja Lehtimäki, Terho Raitakari, Olli T. Jokelainen, Jari Blankenberg, Stefan Auro, Kirsi Perola, Markus Kettunen, Johannes Salomaa, Veikko Wang, Qin |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Qin surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Qin organization: Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland – sequence: 2 givenname: Peter surname: Würtz fullname: Würtz, Peter organization: Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu – sequence: 3 givenname: Kirsi surname: Auro fullname: Auro, Kirsi organization: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki – sequence: 4 givenname: Ville-Petteri surname: Mäkinen fullname: Mäkinen, Ville-Petteri organization: Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide – sequence: 5 givenname: Antti J. surname: Kangas fullname: Kangas, Antti J. organization: Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu – sequence: 6 givenname: Pasi surname: Soininen fullname: Soininen, Pasi organization: Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland – sequence: 7 givenname: Mika surname: Tiainen fullname: Tiainen, Mika organization: Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland – sequence: 8 givenname: Tuulia surname: Tynkkynen fullname: Tynkkynen, Tuulia organization: Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland – sequence: 9 givenname: Jari surname: Jokelainen fullname: Jokelainen, Jari organization: Center for Life Course Health Research and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital – sequence: 10 givenname: Kristiina surname: Santalahti fullname: Santalahti, Kristiina organization: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku – sequence: 11 givenname: Marko surname: Salmi fullname: Salmi, Marko organization: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku – sequence: 12 givenname: Stefan surname: Blankenberg fullname: Blankenberg, Stefan organization: Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Hamburg – sequence: 13 givenname: Tanja surname: Zeller fullname: Zeller, Tanja organization: Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Hamburg – sequence: 14 givenname: Jorma surname: Viikari fullname: Viikari, Jorma organization: Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital – sequence: 15 givenname: Mika surname: Kähönen fullname: Kähönen, Mika organization: Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital – sequence: 16 givenname: Terho surname: Lehtimäki fullname: Lehtimäki, Terho organization: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, School of Medicine, University of Tampere – sequence: 17 givenname: Veikko surname: Salomaa fullname: Salomaa, Veikko organization: National Institute for Health and Welfare – sequence: 18 givenname: Markus surname: Perola fullname: Perola, Markus organization: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu – sequence: 19 givenname: Sirpa surname: Jalkanen fullname: Jalkanen, Sirpa organization: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku – sequence: 20 givenname: Marjo-Riitta surname: Järvelin fullname: Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta organization: Center for Life Course Health Research and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London – sequence: 21 givenname: Olli T. surname: Raitakari fullname: Raitakari, Olli T. organization: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital – sequence: 22 givenname: Johannes surname: Kettunen fullname: Kettunen, Johannes organization: Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare – sequence: 23 givenname: Debbie A. surname: Lawlor fullname: Lawlor, Debbie A. organization: Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol – sequence: 24 givenname: Mika surname: Ala-Korpela fullname: Ala-Korpela, Mika email: mika.ala-korpela@computationalmedicine.fi organization: Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27955712$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s). 2016 COPYRIGHT 2016 BioMed Central Ltd. Copyright BioMed Central 2016 |
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| Keywords | Pregnancy Metabolomics Cytokines Metabolic networks Amino acids Inflammation Trimesters Hormones Lipoprotein lipids Fatty acids Postpartum |
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Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely... Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood.... Background Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely... Pregnancy triggers well-known alterations in maternal glucose and lipid balance but its overall effects on systemic metabolism remain incompletely... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Biomedicine Blood pressure Body mass index Breastfeeding & lactation Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Female Fetuses Finland Gestational age Glucose Health aspects Humans Insulin Lipids Measurement Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolism Metabolomics - methods Middle Aged Physiological aspects Pregnancy Pregnancy - metabolism Pregnant women Research Article Young Adult |
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| Title | Metabolic profiling of pregnancy: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence |
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